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High energy neutron and pion-decay gamma-ray emissions from solar flares

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第1期9卷 11-40页

作者： edward L.Chupp James m.Ryan Physics Department and Space Science Center in the Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space University of New Hampshire

Solar flare gamma-ray emissions from energetic ions and electrons have been detected and measured to GeV energies since 1980. In addition, neutrons produced in solar flares with 100 meV to GeV energies have been observed at the Earth. These emissions are produced by the highest energy ions and electrons accelerated at the Sun and they provide our only direct （albeit secondary） knowledge about the properties of the accelerator（s） acting in a solar flare. The solar flares, which have direct evidence for pion-decay gamma-rays, are unique and are the focus of this paper. We review our current knowledge of the highest energy solar emissions, and how the characteristics of the acceleration process are deduced from the observations. Results from the RHESSI, INTEGRAL and CORONAS missions will also be covered. The review will also cover the solar flare capabilities of the new mission, FERmI GAmmA RAY SPACE TELESCOPE, launched on 2008 June II. Finally, we discuss the requirements for future missions to advance this vital area of solar flare physics.

关键词： Sun -- Flares -- Particle Acceleration-meson Production

SOmE RECENT DEVELOPmENTS IN THE STUDY OF ANCIENT GREEK LAW

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2018年第2期33卷 187-266,284页

作者： edward m. Harris University of Durham University of Edinburgh

The laws of the Greek city-states and the Hellenistic Kingdoms dealt with all aspects of life in the community.1 The laws regulated the main political institutions of the community and gave rules to its officials about how to conduct public business. meetings of the Council and Assembly were run according to public statutes, and decrees submitted for approval had to conform to legal norms. All public officials were subject to a legal review of their conduct and could be prosecuted in court or punished by special magistrates.

关键词： ANCIENT GREEK LAW Greek city-states Hellenistic Kingdoms

Utilization of longitudinal ultrasound to quantify joint soft-tissue changes in a mouse model of posttraumatic osteoarthritis

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Bone Research 2017年第3期5卷 228-234页

作者： Hao Xu Echoe m Bouta Ronald W Wood edward m Schwarz Yongjun Wang Lianping Xing Department of Orthopaedics Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine Center for musculoskeletal Research Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Rochester Medical Center

To assess the utility of longitudinal ultrasound （US） to quantify volumetric changes in joint soft tissues during the progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis （PTOA） in mice, and validate the US results with histological findings. A longitudinal cohort of 3-month-old wild-type C57BL/6 male mice received the Hulth-Telhag surgical procedure on right knee to induce ~OA, and sham surgery on their left knee as control. US scans were performed on both knees before, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks post-surgery. Joint space volume and Power-Doppler （PD） volume were obtained from US images via Amira software. A paraUel cross-sectional cohort of mice was killed at each US time point, and knee joints were subjected to histological analysis to obtain synovial soft-tissue area and OARSI scores. The correlation between US joint space volume and histological synovial soft-tissue area or OARSI score was assessed via linear regression analysis. US images indicated increased joint space volume in PTOA joints over time, which was associated with synovial inflammation and cartilage damage by histology. These changes started from 2 weeks post-surgery and gradually became more severe. No change was detected in sham joints. Increased joint space volume was significantly correlated with increased synovial soft-tissue area and the OARSI score （P 〈 0.001）. PD signal was detected in the joint space of PTOA joints at 6 weeks post-surgery, which was consistent with the location of blood vessels that stained positively for CD31 and alpha-smooth muscle actin in the synovium. This study indicates that US is a cost-effective longitudinal outcome measure of volumetric and vascular changes in joint soft tissues during PTOA progression in mice, which positively correlates with synovial inflammation and cartilage damage.

关键词： OA PD USA Figure

The calcium sensing receptor: from calcium sensing to signaling

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第1期58卷 14-27页

作者： ZHANG Chen mILLER Cassandra Lynn BROWN edward m YANG Jenny J. Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics Georgia State University Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and HypertensionDepartment of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital

The Ca2+-sensing receptor(the Ca SR),a G-protein-coupled receptor,regulates Ca2+ homeostasis in the body by monitoring extracellular levels of Ca2+([Ca2+]o) and responding to a diverse array of *** in the Ca2+-sensing receptor result in hypercalcemic or hypocalcemic disorders,such as familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia,neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism,and autosomal dominant hypocalcemic *** evidence suggests that the Ca SR plays multiple roles extending well beyond not only regulating the level of extracellular Ca2+ in the human body,but also controlling a diverse range of biological *** this review,we focus on the structural biology of the Ca SR,the ligand interaction sites as well as their relevance to the disease associated *** systematic summary will provide a comprehensive exploration of how the Ca SR integrates extracellular Ca2+ into intracellular Ca2+ signaling.

关键词： the Ca2+-sensing receptor(the Ca SR) Ca2+ signaling extracellular domain(ECD) Ca2+-binding sites

Analysis of new bone,cartilage,and fibrosis tissue in healing murine allografts using whole slide imaging and a new automated histomorphometric algorithm

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Bone Research 2015年第4期3卷 226-234页

作者： Longze Zhang martin Chang Christopher A Beck edward m Schwarz Brendan F Boyce Center for musculoskeletal Research School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Rochester Medical Center

Histomorphometric analysis of histologic sections of normal and diseased bone samples,such as healing allografts and fractures,is widely used in bone ***,the utility of traditional semi-automated methods is limited because they are labor-intensive and can have high interobserver variability depending upon the parameters being assessed,and primary data cannot be re-analyzed *** histomorphometry has long been recognized as a solution for these issues,and recently has become more feasible with the development of digital whole slide imaging and computerized image analysis systems that can interact with digital ***,we describe the development and validation of an automated application（algorithm）using Visiopharm＇s image analysis system to quantify newly formed bone,cartilage,and fibrous tissue in healing murine femoral allografts in high-quality digital images of H＆E/alcian blue-stained decalcified histologic *** validate this algorithm,we compared the results obtained independently using OsteomeasureTm and Visiopharm image analysis *** intraclass correlation coefficient between Visiopharm and Osteomeasure was very close to one for all tissue elements tested,indicating nearly perfect reproducibility across *** new algorithm represents an accurate and labor-efficient method to quantify bone,cartilage,and fibrous tissue in healing mouse allografts.

关键词： cartilage slide automated healing fibrous Figure automatically sections segmentation quantify

Compulsive Repetition of Rupture： Strategies of Representing Trauma

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2015年第2期9卷 147-159页

作者： edward m. G_unn Department of Asian Studies Comell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA

This article focuses on the strategies that literature and cultural criticism adopt to represent trauma in comparison to a current medical definition. The contemporary medical definition, trauma as post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD）, is the most narrow and specific definition to discuss trauma. The discourse of medicine does not necessarily match those of literature and cultural criticism, nor need they conform to each other. PTSD includes a collection of symptoms, any one of which might not have anything to do with traumatic experience, but which together point with increasing intensity to a psychological syndrome caused by traumatic shock. Although this is historically a recently defined syndrome （1980）, its features had long before attracted attention and been recorded under other terms and diagnoses. Although Chinese literature is only occasionally given to psychological realism, we do find occasional descriptions that strongly suggest aspects of the syndrome. Also, the aims and the needs of medicine and literature or cultural criticism are not necessarily the same, but it is important to explore in greater detail the aims and the needs of literature and cultural criticism.

关键词： strategies of representing trauma traumatic memories compulsiverepetition modem and contemporary Chinese literature

Studies in Proprioception(Part 2)

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中华物理医学与康复杂志 2004年第8期26卷 568-571页

作者： edward R.Laskowski Consultant Department of Physical medicine and Rehabilitation Co-Director

(上接第8期508页)Proprioceptively Enriched Rehabilitative ExercisesDespite the absence of definitive knowledge of discrete aspects of the proprioceptive system, rehabilitation programs can be designed to challenge, enhance, and improve this system. In addition, non-injured athletes may benefit from incorporation of proprioceptive exercise into their training program. Healthy upper extremity athletes have been shown to have kinesthetic deficits in their throwing shoulder compared with their non-dominant shoulder[32].……

关键词：学习研究本体感受肩部投掷运动

Chromatographic finger print analysis of steroids in Aerva lanata L by HPTLC technique

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2011年第6期1卷 428-433页

作者： Yamunadevi mariswamy Wesely edward Gnaraj Johnson m Research&Development Department Bharathiyar University Department of Botany Arignar Anna Government Arts College Department of Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology St. Xavier's College(Autonomous)

Objective:To determine the chemical profile and steroids composition of the medicinally important plant Aerva lanata(***) ***:Preliminary phytochemicul screening was done by the method as Harborne *** studies were canied out as Harborne and Wagner et al *** Ethyl acetate-ethanol-water(8:2:1.2) was employed as mobile phase for ***:The desired aim was achieved using Chloroform-acetone(8:2) as the mobile *** methanolic extract of stem,leaves,root,flower and seeds of *** showed the presence of 30 different types of steroids with 30 different Rf values from 0.04 to 0.97. maximum number(11) of steroids has been observed in leaves followed by root(10).Conclusions: HPTLC profile of steroids has been chosen here to reveal the diversity existing in *** finger printing is useful in differentiating the species from the adulterant and act as biochemical markers for this medicinally important plant in the pharma industry and plant systematic studies.

关键词： Steroids HPTLC profile Fingerprint Aerva lanata L.

Automated SNP Genotype Clustering Algorithm to Improve Data Completeness in High-Throughput SNP Genotyping Datasets from Custom Arrays

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2007年第3期5卷 256-259页

作者： edward m.Smith Jack Littrell michael Olivier Human and molecular Genetics Center Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA.

High-throughput SNP genotyping platforms use automated genotype calling algorithms to assign genotypes. While these algorithms work efficiently for individual platforms, they are not compatible with other platforms, and have individual biases that result in missed genotype calls. Here we present data on the use of a second complementary SNP genotype clustering algorithm. The algorithm was originally designed for individual fluorescent SNP genotyping assays, and has been optimized to permit the clustering of large datasets generated from custom-designed Affymetrix SNP panels. In an analysis of data from a 3K array genotyped on 1,560 samples, the additional analysis increased the overall number of genotypes by over 45,000, significantly improving the completeness of the experimental data. This analysis suggests that the use of multiple genotype calling algorithms may be advisable in high-throughput SNP genotyping experiments. The software is written in Perl and is available from the corresponding author.

关键词： clustering SNP genotyping algorithm