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An implementation assessment of China's environmental Information Disclosure Decree

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第10期22卷 1649-1656页

作者： Lei Zhang Arthur e J mol Guizhen He Yonglong Lu School of environment and Natural Resources Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China environmental Policy Group Wageningen University Hollandseweg 1 6706 KN Wageningen The Netherlands State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

China＇s 2007 Open Government Information Regulations is widely considered as a milestone in the country＇s information policy history and is praised as a ＂sunshine program＂. The environmental Information Disclosure Decree was the first to operationalize these general regulations into a sectorai information disclosure system on environment. This study assessed the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system about six months after the Decree took effect on May 1, 2008. Through reviewing the websites of all 31 provincial environmental Protection Bureaus and the Ministry of environmental Protection, conducting an experiment with actual information disclosure request, and through interviews with all provincial environmental Protection Bureaus, this article concluded that the implementation of the environmental information disclosure system still fails short. Future improvements should focus on further publicity of the regulations and decree to enhance public participation, the establishment of an independent evaluation and supervision system for information disclosure, the exchange of experiences and best practices among provincial environmental Protection Bureaus, and on strengthening the legal status of environmental information disclosure.

关键词： environmental information disclosure environmental governance

Corrosion and passive film characteristics of 3D-printed NiTi shape memory alloys in artificial saliva

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Rare Metals 2023年第9期42卷 3114-3129页

作者： Ming Liu Jia-Ning Zhu V.A.Popovich e.Borisov J.M.C.mol Y.Gonzalez-Garcia State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale(CAMP-Nano)Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Department of Materials Science and engineering Delft University of TechnologyAA Delft2600The Netherlands Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University Saint Petersburg195251Russia

electrochemical tests and surface analysis were applied to study the corrosion behavior and passive film characteristics of three-dimensional-printed NiTi shape memory alloys fabricated by laser-powder bed fusion(LPBF) in artificial saliva at 37.C. The passivity of L-PBF NiTi shows to be influenced by the process parameters and resulting morphological and physicochemical surface properties. The results show that the defects at the surface of L-PBF Ni Ti can promote the passivation rate in the early stages of exposure but a slowly formed passive film shows the best corrosion protection. The thickness of the passive film is positively correlated with its corrosion protective performance. The L-PBF NiTi alloy prepared at a linear energy density of 0.2 J·m^(-1) and volumetric energy density of 56 J·mm^(-3) shows the least defects and best corrosion protection. An outer Ti-rich and inner Ni-rich dense passive film could be also obtained showing higher corrosion resistance.

关键词： NiTi Laser-powder bed fusion(L-PBF) Passive film Corrosion resistance Artificial saliva

Towards Cr（VI）-free anodization of aluminum alloys for aerospace adhesive bonding applications： A review

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2017年第3期11卷 465-482页

作者： Shoshan T. Abrahami John M.M. de Kok Herman Terryn Johannes M.C. mol Materials innovation institute (M2i) 2628 XG Delft The Netherlands Delft University of Technology Department of Materials Science and Engineering 2628 CD Delft The Netherlands Fokker Aerostructures BV 3351 LB Papendrecht The Netherlands Department of Materials and Chemistry Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF) Vrije Universiteit Brussel 1050 Brussels Belgium

For more than six decades, chromic acid anodizing （CAA） has been the central process in the surface pre-treatment of aluminum for adhesively bonded aircraft structures. Unfortunately, this electrolyte contains hexavalent chromium （Cr（VI））, a compound known for its toxicity and carcinogenic properties. To comply with the new strict international regulations, the Cr（VI）-era will soon have to come to an end. Anodizing aluminum in acid electrolytes produces a self-ordered porous oxide layer. Although different acids can be used to create this type of structure, the excellent adhesion and corrosion resistance that is currently achieved by the complete Cr（VI）-based process is not easily matched. This paper provides a critical overview and appraisal of proposed alternatives to CAA, including combinations of multiple anodizing steps, pre- and post anodizing treatments. The work is presented in terms of the modifications to the oxide properties, such as morphological features （e.g., pore size, barrier layer thickness） and surface chemistry, in order to evaluate the link between fundamental principles of adhesion and bond performance.

关键词： aluminum Cr(VI)-free surface pre-treat- merits anodizing adhesive bonding

extrusion-based additive manufacturing of Mg-Zn alloy scaffolds

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第9期10卷 2491-2509页

作者： J.Dong N.Tümer M.A.Leeflang P.Taheri L.e.Fratila-Apachitei J.M.C.mol A.A.Zadpoor J.Zhou Department of Biomechanical engineering Delft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 CDthe Netherlands Department of Materials Science and engineering Delft University of TechnologyDelft 2628 CDthe Netherlands

Porous biodegradable Mg and its alloys are considered to have a great potential to serve as ideal bone *** recent progress in additive manufacturing(AM) has prompted its application to fabricate Mg scaffolds with geometrically ordered porous *** AM,followed by debinding and sintering,has been recently demonstrated as a powerful approach to fabricating such Mg scaffolds,which can avoid some crucial problems encountered when applying powder bed fusion AM ***,such pure Mg scaffolds exhibit a too high rate of in vitro *** the present research,alloying through a pre-alloyed Mg-Zn powder was ultilized to enhance the corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of AM geometrically ordered Mg-Zn scaffolds *** in vitro biodegradation behavior,mechanical properties,and electrochemical response of the fabricated Mg-Zn scaffolds were ***,the response of preosteoblasts to these scaffolds was systematically evaluated and compared with their response to pure Mg *** Mg-Zn scaffolds with a porosity of 50.3% and strut density of 93.1% were composed of the Mg matrix and MgZn2second phase *** in vitro biodegradation rate of the Mg-Zn scaffolds decreased by 81% at day 1,as compared to pure Mg *** 28 days of static immersion in modified simulated body fluid,the corrosion rate of the Mg-Zn scaffolds decreased from 2.3± 0.9 mm/y to 0.7±0.1 mm/*** yield strength and Young’s modulus of the Mg-Zn scaffolds were about 3 times as high as those of pure Mg scaffolds and remained within the range of those of trabecular bone throughout the biodegradation *** culture of MC3T3-e1 preosteoblasts in Mg-Zn extracts indicated favorable *** direct cell culture,some cells could spread and form filopodia on the surface of the Mg-Zn ***,this study demonstrates the great potential of the extrusion-based AM Mg-Zn scaffolds to be further develo

关键词： Additive manufacturing Material extrusion Magnesium-zinc alloy Porous scaffold Biodegradation

Glaciation-induced features or sediment gravity flows——An analytic review

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2023年第4期12卷 487-545页

作者： Mats O.molen Umea FoU AB Vallmov 61S-90352 Ume aSweden

For more than 150 years, geologic characteristics claimed to be evidence for pre-Pleistocene glaciations have been debated. Advancements in recent decades, in understanding features generated by mainly glacial and mass flow processes, are here reviewed. Detailed studies of data offered in support of prePleistocene glaciations have led to revisions that involve environments of mass movements. Similarities and differences between Quaternary glaciogenic and mass movement features are examined, to provide a more systematic methodology for analysing the origins of more ancient deposits. Analyses and evaluation of data are from a) Quaternary glaciogenic sediments, b) formations which have been assigned to pre-Pleistocene glaciations, and c) formations with comparable features associated with mass movements(and occasionally tectonics). Multiple proxies are assembled to develop correct interpretations of ancient strata. The aim is not per se to reinterpret specific formations and past climate changes, but to enable data to be evaluated using a broader and more inclusive conceptual *** occurring pre-Pleistocene features interpreted to be glaciogenic, have often been shown to have few or no Quaternary glaciogenic equivalents. These same features commonly form by sediment gravity flows or other non-glacial processes, which may have led to misinterpretations of ancient deposits. These features include, for example, environmental affinity of fossils, grading, bedding, fabrics, size and appearance of erratics, polished and striated clasts and surfaces(“pavements”), dropstones, and surface *** decades of progress in research relating to glacial and sediment gravity flow processes have resulted in proposals by geologists, based on more detailed field data, more often of an origin by mass movements and tectonism than *** most coherent data of this review, i.e., appearances of features produced by glaciation, sediment gravity flows and a fe

关键词： Diamictite Tillite Sediment gravity flow(SGF) Striation Groove Dropstone Paleoclimate Fossil vegetation Glaciogenic proxies Surface microtexture Late Paleozoic ice age

Localised solid-state nanopore fabrication via controlled breakdown using on-chip electrodes

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Nano Research 2022年第11期15卷 9881-9889页

作者： Jasper P.Fried Jacob L.Swett Binoy Paulose Nadappuram Aleksandra Fedosyuk Alex Gee Ondrej e.Dyck James R.Yates Aleksandar P.Ivanov Joshua B.edel Jan A.mol Department of Materials University of OxfordOxfordOX13PHUK School of Chemistry University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia Department of Chemistry Imperial College LondonLondonW120BZUK Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37830USA Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier Universidade Nova de LisboaAv.da RepúblicaOeiras 2780-157Portugal School of Physics and Astronomy Queen Mary University of LondonLondonE14NSUK

Controlled breakdown has recently emerged as a highly accessible technique to fabricate solid-state ***,in its most common form,controlled breakdown creates a single nanopore at an arbitrary location in the ***,we introduce a new strategy whereby breakdown is performed by applying the electric field between an on-chip electrode and an electrolyte solution in contact with the opposite side of the *** demonstrate two advantages of this ***,we can independently fabricate multiple nanopores at given positions in the membrane by localising the applied field to the ***,we can create nanopores that are self-aligned with complementary nanoelectrodes by applying voltages to the on-chip electrodes to locally heat the membrane during controlled *** new controlled breakdown method provides a path towards the affordable,rapid,and automatable fabrication of arrays of nanopores self-aligned with complementary on-chip nanostructures.

关键词： solid-state nanopores dielectric breakdown nanofabrication single-molecule sensing nanopore arrays

effects of Medicines and Supplements on Spontaneous Pregnancy and Semen Parameters in Male Infertility:A Systematic Review Update and Network Meta-Analysis

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engineering 2022年第9期16卷 198-209页

作者： Jian Li Qi Wu ernest Hung Yu Ng Ben Willem J.mol Xiao Ke Wu Chi Chiu Wang Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology First Affiliated HospitalHeilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbin 150040China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Hospital of Gui Zhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004China Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Obstetrics and Gynecology HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 30009China Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Queen Mary HospitalThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityClaytonVIC 3168Australia Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150036China Reproduction and Development Laboratory Li Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China i School of Biomedical SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China The Chinese University of Hong Kong–Sichuan University Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine Hong Kong 999077China

In this study,we used a network meta-analysis(NMA)to compare the effectiveness of medicines and supplements for idiopathic male infertility and to identify the best ***,excerpta Medica Database(eMBASe),Ovid,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),were searched for the period from January 1990 to June 2021 using the keywords"male infertility,""medical therapy,""supplement/nutrient therapy,"and related *** controlled trials(RCTs)investigating medicines(mainly follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),androgen,and clomiphene/tamoxifen)or supplements(mainly zinc,selenium,vitamin C or e,carnitine,coenzyme Q10(CoQ10),or combined treatment)for idiopathic infertile men were selected for *** reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis(PRISMA)was used for data extraction,and a risk-of-bias tool and grades of recommendation,assessment,development,and evaluation(GRADe)system adapted to the NMA were employed to assess the quality of the *** primary outcomes were live birth and spontaneous pregnancy rate(SPR).The secondary outcomes were sperm parameters(including concentration,progressive motility,and morphology)and side *** total,65 RCTs involving 7541 men with sperm abnormalities but normal hormone levels were included.A total of 36 studies reported SPR but only three reported live birth *** quality of the included studies was found to be moderate to *** with a placebo or being untreated,carnitine plus vitamins significantly improved SPR(relative risk(RR)=3.7,95%confidence interval(95%CI),1.6-8.5);fatty acids significantly increased sperm concentrations(mean difference(MD)=12.5×10^(6)mL-1,95%CI,3.1×10^(6)-22.0×10^(6));and selective estrogen receptor modulator(SeRM)plus CoQ10 significantly improved sperm progressive motility(MD=11.0%,95%CI,0.1%-21.9%)and normal sperm morphology(MD=11.0%,95%CI,4.6%-17.4%).The most optimal intervention was carnitine plus vitamins and fatty acids for SPR a

关键词： Male infertility Medicine Supplement Spontaneous pregnancy rate Sperm parameters

emerging pollutants in the environment:A challenge for water resource management

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2015年第1期3卷 57-65页

作者： Violette Geissen Hans mol erwin Klumpp Günter Umlauf Marti Nadal Martine van der Ploeg Sjoerd e.A.T.M.van de Zee Coen J.Ritsema Soil Physics and Land Management Group Wageningen University6708PB WageningenThe Netherlands Rikilt WageningenThe Netherlands Agrosphere Forschungszentrum JülichJülichGermany Joint Research Center IspraItaly Laboratory of Toxicology and environmental Health IISPVUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReusSpain

A significant number of emerging pollutants(ePs)resulting from point and diffuse pollution is present in the aquatic *** are chemicals that are not commonly monitored but have the potential to enter the environment and cause adverse ecological and human health *** to the NORMAN network,at least 700 substances categorized into 20 classes,have been identified in the european aquatic *** light of their potential impact action is urgently *** this study,we present a concept that shows the current state of art and challenges for monitoring programs,fate and risk assessment tools and requirements for policies with respect to emerging pollutants as a base for sustainable water resource ***,methods for sampling and analysis are not harmonized,being typically focused on certain eP *** a number of known highly hazardous ePs detection limits are too high to allow proper risk *** other ePs such as microplastics method development is in its *** ultra-sensitive instrumental techniques should be used for quantitative determination of prioritized ePs in water,suspended matter,soil and *** on ePs'and their metabolites'properties that determine their fate in the environment are often not *** surveys on water quality often use different parameters for water quality assessment and often do not include ePs.A harmonized monitoring of surface and groundwater is not yet achieved and urgently *** component integrated into models assessing the fate of ePs in a multi compartment environmental approach are missing and must be *** main goal of risk assessment is the overall protection of ecological communities in the aquatic environment and human *** methods for assessing the cumulative risks from combined exposures to several stressors,including mixtures of ePs in a multi-scale approach are required.A combination of regulations and management meas

关键词： emerging pollutants Water resource management Monitoring Risk assessment Water policies

Neutron　Diffraction　Study　on　Structure　of　α－LiIO_3　Single　Crystal　under　DC　Voltage

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 1995年第6期 11-14页

作者： Cheng Yu-Fen Yang Zhen Cheng Zhi-Xu Guo Li-Ping(China Institute of Atomic energy,Beijing 102413)e.Legrand(SCK/CeN Boeretang 200 B-2400 mol,Belgium)

A detailed investigation of anisotropy of neutron diffraction intensity enhancement observed in α-LiIO-3 single crystal under a DC field was carried out on a Four-Circle Neutron Diffractometer installed at the BR2 reactor in Belgium and CIAe *** was found that the intensity increase must be ascribed to small displacements of oxygen and iodine atoms rather than the explanation which is only based on changes in the defect of the crystal structure,since the movement of lithium atom to interstitial sites or holes in the crystal may cause displacement of the other atoms.

关键词： neutron diffraction single crystal structure α-LiIO3