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Purinergic signaling systems across comparative models of spinal cord injury

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Neural regeneration research 2022年第3期17卷 2391-2398页

作者： eva e.Stefanova Angela L.scott Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine McMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada

Within the last several decades,the scientific community has made substantial progress in elucidating the complex pathophysiology underlying spinal cord ***,despite the many advances using conventional mammalian models,both cellular and axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury have remained out of *** this sense,turning to non-mammalian,regenerative species presents a unique opportunity to identify pro-regenerative cues and chara cterize a spinal cord microenvironment permissive to *** the signaling pathways hypothesized to be dysregulated during spinal cord injury is the purinergic signaling *** addition to its well-known role as energy currency in cells,ATP and its metabolites are small molecule neurotransmitte rs that mediate many diverse cellular processes within the central nervous *** our unde rstanding of the roles of the purinergic system following spinal cord injury is limited,this signaling pathway has been implicated in all injury-induced secondary processes,including cellular death,inflammation,reactive gliosis,and neural *** that the purinergic system is also evolutionarily conserved between mammalian and non-mammalian species,comparisons of these roles may provide important insights into conditions responsible for recovery ***,we compare the secondary processes between key model species and the influence of purinergic signaling in each *** our understanding of this signaling system and pro-regenerative conditions continues to evolve,so does the potential for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for spinal cord injury.

关键词： cell death differenriation glia inflammation neurogenesis proliferation purinergic signaling reactive gliosis regeneration spinal cord injury teleost

Climate refugia along Lake Superior’s shores:disjunct arctic-alpine plants rely on cool shoreline temperatures but are restricted to highly exposed habitat under climate warming

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Journal of Plant ecology 2024年第4期17卷 23-41页

作者： Ashley Hillman scott e.Nielsen Department of renewable resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada

Climate refugia can serve as a remnant habitat or stepping stones for species dispersal under climate *** largest freshwater lake by surface area,Lake Superior,USA and Canada,serves as a model system for understanding cooling-mediated local refugia,as its cool water temperatures and wave action have maintained shoreline habitats suitable for southern disjunct populations of arctic-alpine plants since ***,we seek to explain spatial patterns and environmental drivers of arctic-alpine plant refugia along Lake Superior’s shores,and assess future risk to refugia under moderate(+3.5℃)and warmest(+5.7℃)climate warming ***,we examined how the interactive effects of summer surface water temperatures and wind affected onshore temperatures,resulting in areas of cooler ***,we developed an ecological niche model for the presence of disjunct arctic-alpine refugia(pooling 1253 occurrences from 58 species)along the lake’s ***,we fit species distribution models for 20 of the most common arctic-alpine disjunct species and predicted presence to identify refugia ***,we used the two climate warming scenarios to predict changes in the presence of refugia and disjunct *** type,elevation above water,inland distance,July land surface temperature from MODIS/Terra satellite and near-shore depth of water were the best predictors of disjunct ***,we predicted 2236 km of the shoreline(51%)as disjunct refugia habitat for at least one species under current conditions,but this was reduced to 20% and 7% with moderate(894 km)and warmest(313 km)climate change projections.

关键词： climate refugia disjunct populations lake effect Lake Superior species distribution models

Annual-perennial plant relationships and species selection for desert restoration

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第3期5卷 298-309页

作者： scott r ABeLLA Stanley D SMITH Department of environmental and Occupational Health University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevada 89154-3064USA School of Life Sciences University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNevada 89154-4004USA

exotic plant invasion is a growing concern in the conservation and management of indigenous arid land ecosystems. By creating areas of ameliorated microclimates and fertile soil below their canopies, perennial plants might influence exotic annual plant invasions. We conducted a quantitative literature review of studies that compared exotic annual plant abundance among native perennial plant species and interspace （open areas） microsites in North America＇s Mojave Desert, where exotic plant invasion has corresponded with increasing extent of wildfire and broad-scale ecosystem transformation. Ten studies compared exotic annual plant abundance between inter- spaces and below a total of 36 native perennial species. These studies revealed that：（1） With few exceptions, most native perennial species supported a greater abundance of exotic annuals than interspaces, indicating overall facilitation of exotic species by native perennials. （2） exotic species abundance varied by orders of magnitude among native perennial species, with some perennial species harboring amounts of exotics similar to interspaces. （3） Distributions of dominant exotic species varied, where Bromus rubens displayed a greater affinity for below-perennial microsites than did Schismus spp. and erodium cicutarium that often were most abundant in interspaces. results suggest that the degree of facilitation of exotic plants warrants consideration when selecting native perennial species for revegetation and restoration projects.

关键词： Bromus rubens exotic fertile island invasive nurse plant positive plant interaction Schismus

A modified intron of VrT2 drives glume and grain elongation in wheat

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Molecular Plant 2021年第9期14卷 1421-1423页

作者： Laura e.Dixon scott A.Boden Faculty of Biological Sciences University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA 5064Australia

Yield is a complex trait that is determined predominantly by the number,size,and weight of grain produced by a plant,which are all in fluenced by multiple genes and environ mental *** cereals,grain size is in flue need by envir on mental signals including nutrient availability and temperature,and by variation for genes that control the dimensions of a grain or the size of floral organs(e.g.,Heang and Sassa,2012;Brinton et al.,2017;Adamski et al.,2021;Liu et al.,2021;Xiao et al.,2021).Three recent studies have investigated subspecies of tetrapioid and hexapioid wheat that produce Ion ger grains,which form in florets that contain elongated floral structures(Adamski et al.,2021;Liu et al.,2021;Xiao et al.,2021);their findings provide new understanding of the genes controlling floret architecture,which could be used by breeders to enhance grain size and yield.

关键词： grain organs wheat

2024 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities:An update of activity codes and energy expenditure values

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 18-23页

作者： scott A.Conger Stephen D.Herrmann erik A.Willis Tom e.Nightingale Joseph r.Sherman Barbara e.Ainsworth Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA School of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham AL B152TTUK Centre for Trauma Sciences research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham AL B152TTUK College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China

Purpose:This paper presents an update of the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium of Physical Activities designed for wheelchair users and is referred to as the 2024 Wheelchair *** Wheelchair Compendium aims to curate existing knowledge of the energy expenditure for wheelchair physical activities(PAs).Methods:A systematic review of the published energy expenditure of PA for wheelchair users was completed between 2011 and May *** added these data to the 2011 Wheelchair Compendium data that was compiled previously in a systematic review through ***:A total of 47 studies were included,and 124 different wheelchair PA reported energy expenditure values ranging from 0.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(filing papers,light effort)to 11.8 metabolic equivalents for wheelchair users(Nordic sit skiing).Conclusion:In introducing the updated 2024 Wheelchair Compendium,we hope to bridge the resource gap and challenge the prevailing narratives that inadvertently exclude wheelchair users from physical fitness and health PAs.

关键词： Disability exercise MeT Mobility

The effects of total ankle replacement on ankle joint mechanics during walking

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第3期6卷 340-345页

作者： Henry Wang scott r.Brown Biomechanics Laboratory School of KinesiologyBall State University Sports Performance research Institute New Zealand(SPrINZ) Auckland University of Technology

Background:end-stage ankle arthritis impairs joint function and patients' *** ankle replacement is a surgical procedure to treat severe ankle *** Talaris Anatomic Ankle^(TM)(STAA) was designed to mimic the normal ankle anatomy and flexion/extension of the ankle *** purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an STAA ankle replacement on ankle joint function and mechanics during ***:Five patients with end-stage unilateral ankle arthritis were *** performed level walking in a laboratory setting on 2occasions,prior to and 3 months after the STAA ankle *** Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) hindfoot score was obtained.A 12-camera motion capture system was used to perform walking *** temporo-spatial parameters and ankle joint mechanics were *** Student's t tests and non-parametric Wilcoxon matched tests were performed to examine the differences in biomechanical variables between the pre-and post-surgery walking ***:Compared to the pre-surgical condition,at 3 months of post-STAA surgery,patients experienced greater improvement in AOFAS hindfoot score(p = 0.0001);the STAA ankle demonstrated a 31% increase in ankle joint excursion(p = 0.045),a 22% increase in ankle plantarflexor moment(p = 0.075),a 60% increase in ankle power absorption(p = 0.023),and a 68% increase in ankle power production(p = 0.039).Patients also demonstrated a 26% increase in walking speed(p = 0.005),a 20% increase in stride length(p = 0.013),a 15% decrease in double support time(p = 0.043),and a 5% decrease in total stance time(p = 0.055).Conclusion:Three months after surgeries,the STAA patients experienced improvements in ankle function and gait *** STAA ankle demonstrated improved ankle mechanics during daily activities such as walking.

关键词： Ankle mechanics AOFAS score Arthritis Gait analysis Total ankle replacement Walking

Caecal pH is a biomarker of excessive colonic fermentation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第17期20卷 5000-5007页

作者： Adam D Farmer Sahar D Mohammed George e Dukes S Mark scott Anthony r Hobson Centre for Digestive Diseases Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular ScienceWingate Institute of NeurogastroenterologyBarts and the London School of Medicine and DentistryQueen Mary University of LondonLondon E1 2AJUnited Kingdom GlaxoSmithKline research and Development Durham County NC 27709-3398United States Functional Gut Clinic London W1G 6NBUnited Kingdom

AIM: To ascertain whether caecal pH is different in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), whose primary symptoms are bloating and distension, to healthy controls.

关键词： Caecal pH Caecoparesis Bloating Colonic microbiota Fermentation

role of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第1期14卷 22-28页

作者： eric r Kallwitz Alan McLachlan scott J Cotler Department of Medicine University of Illinois Chicago United States Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Illinois Chicago United States

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is highly prevalent and can result in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） and progressive liver disease including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. A growing body of literature implicates the peroxisome proliferators- activated receptors （PPArs） in the pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD. These nuclear hormone receptors impact on hepatic triglyceride accumulation and insulin resistance. The aim of this review is to describe the data linking PPArα and PPArT to NAFLD/NASH and to discuss the use of PPAr ligands for the treatment of NASH.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors Insulin resiatance Metabolic syndrome Pharmacologic ligands

Hybrid Predictive ensembles:Synergies Between Human and Computational Forecasts

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Journal of Social Computing 2021年第2期2卷 89-102页

作者： Lu Hong PJ Lamberson scott e Page Department of Finance Loyola University ChicagoChicagoIL 606002USA Department of Communication University of California at Los Angeles(UCLA)Los AngelesCA 90095USA School University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48104USA

An increasing proportion of decisions,design choices,and predictions are being made by hybrid groups consisting of humans and artificial intelligence(AI).In this paper,we provide analytic foundations that explain the potential benefits of hybrid groups on predictive tasks,the primary use of *** analysis relies on interpretive and generative signal frameworks as well as a distinction between the big data used by AI and the thick,often narrative data used by *** derive several conditions on accuracy and correlation necessary for humans to remain in the *** conclude that human adaptability along with the potential for atypical cases that mislead AI will likely mean that humans always add value on predictive tasks.

关键词： collective intelligence predictive models hybrid groups big data thick data