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Large circuit models: opportunities and challenges

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 25-66页

作者： Lei CHEN Yiqi CHEN Zhufei CHU Wenji FANG Tsung-Yi HO Ru HUANG Yu HUANG Sadaf KHAN Min LI Xingquan LI Yu LI Yun LIANG Jinwei LIU Yi LIU Yibo LIN Guojie LUO Hongyang PAN Zhengyuan SHI Guangyu SUN dimitrios TSARAS Runsheng WANG Ziyi WANG Xinming WEI Zhiyao XIE Qiang XU Chenhao XUE Junchi YAN Jun YANG Bei YU Mingxuan YUAN Evangeline F.Y.YOUNG Xuan ZENG Haoyi ZHANG Zuodong ZHANG Yuxiang ZHAO Hui-Ling ZHEN Ziyang ZHENG Binwu ZHU Keren ZHU Sunan ZOU Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab School of Integrated Circuits Peking University Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ningbo University Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong School of Integrated Circuits Southeast University Huawei HiSilicon Peng Cheng Laboratory School of Computer Science Peking University School of Microelectronics State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and System Fudan University School of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Within the electronic design automation(EDA) domain, artificial intelligence(AI)-driven solutions have emerged as formidable tools, yet they typically augment rather than redefine existing methodologies. These solutions often repurpose deep learning models from other domains, such as vision, text, and graph analytics, applying them to circuit design without tailoring to the unique complexities of electronic circuits. Such an “AI4EDA” approach falls short of achieving a holistic design synthesis and understanding,overlooking the intricate interplay of electrical, logical, and physical facets of circuit data. This study argues for a paradigm shift from AI4EDA towards AI-rooted EDA from the ground up, integrating AI at the core of the design process. Pivotal to this vision is the development of a multimodal circuit representation learning technique, poised to provide a comprehensive understanding by harmonizing and extracting insights from varied data sources, such as functional specifications, register-transfer level(RTL) designs, circuit netlists,and physical layouts. We champion the creation of large circuit models(LCMs) that are inherently multimodal, crafted to decode and express the rich semantics and structures of circuit data, thus fostering more resilient, efficient, and inventive design methodologies. Embracing this AI-rooted philosophy, we foresee a trajectory that transcends the current innovation plateau in EDA, igniting a profound “shift-left” in electronic design methodology. The envisioned advancements herald not just an evolution of existing EDA tools but a revolution, giving rise to novel instruments of design-tools that promise to radically enhance design productivity and inaugurate a new epoch where the optimization of circuit performance, power, and area(PPA) is achieved not incrementally, but through leaps that redefine the benchmarks of electronic systems' capabilities.

关键词： AI-rooted EDA large circuit models (LCMs) multimodal circuit representation learning circuit optimization

Hemobilia secondary to hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm: An unusual complication of bile leakage in a patient with a history of a resected Ⅲb Klatskin tumor

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第33期11卷 5229-5231页

作者： dimitrios Siablis Zafiria G.Papathanassiou dimitrios Karnabatidis Nikolaos Christeas Constantine Vagianos Department of Interventional Radiology Medical School University of PatrasRioGreece Department of Surgery Medical School University of PatrasRioGreece

We report a case of a 74-year-old woman with a 16-year history of a double bilo-enteric anastomosis due to resected hilar cholangiocarcinoma [Type IIIb Klatskin tumor]. The patient presented with cholangitis secondary to benign anastomotic stenosis which resulted in a large intrahepatic biloma. In order to restore the patency of the anastomosis and overcome cholangitis, several attempts took place, including endobiliary stenting, balloon-assisted biloplasty and transhepatic billiary drainage. Anastomotic patency was achieved, complicated, however, by persistent upper gastro-intestinal bleeding, presented as hemobilia. A biloma-induced pseudoaneurysm of the left hepatic artery was diagnosed. This had ruptured into the biliary tract, and presented the actual cause of the hemobilia. Selective embolism of the pseudoaneurysm resulted in control of the hemorrhage, and was successfully combined with transhepatic dilatation of the anastomosis and percutaneous drainage of the biloma. The patient was ultimately cured and seems to be in excellent condition, 5 mo after treatment.

关键词： Hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm Hemobilia Embolization

The structure of the human 4F2hc-LAT1 heteromeric amino acid transporter

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第6期62卷 848-850页

作者： dimitrios Fotiadis Jean-Marc Jeckelmann Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research (NCCR) TransCureUniversity of Bern

Amino acids are biologically important molecules that serve as energy source, building blocks of proteins, precursors for metabolites and signaling compounds in all living *** of proteinogenic amino acids and related substances across biological membranes is mediated by membrane embedded proteins:the amino acid transporters. These membrane proteins belong to different solute carrier (SLC)families (http://***) and transfer amino acids in and out between compartments inside cells, between different cells and between organs. Amino acid transporters have diverse important physiological functions and their absence, overexpression and malfunction can lead to human diseases.

关键词： Amino acids important molecules functions and their absence

The Effects of Protruding Rock Boulders in Regulating Sediment Intrusion within the Hyporheic Zone of Mountain Streams

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第6期11卷 1466-1477页

作者： dimitrios DERMISIS A.N.Thanos PAPANICOLAOU Department of Chemical Civil and Mechanical Engineering Mc Neese State UniversityLake Charles LA 70609 USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of TennesseeKnoxville TN 37996 USA

Excessive sedimentation in mountain stream ecosystems is a critical environmental problem due to the clogging of streambeds by sediment particles within the hyporheic zone,with detrimental effects on fish spawning *** this research,the effects of an array of boulders in regulating the intrusion of incoming sand within a gravel substrate were evaluated by performing detailed experiments in a laboratory flume.A unique experimental setup and two different sampling techniques were utilized for measuring the infiltrated sand within the gravel bed under two bed shear stress conditions(moderate ***).For comparison purposes,experiments were performed without and with the presence of partially submerged to the flow(protruding) boulders,which is typical for the average flow conditions found in mountain *** indicated that sand infiltrated primarily in the upper part of the gravel bed creating a surface seal which hindered the penetration of sand particles deeper into the *** exponential decrease of the amount of the infiltrated sand within the hyporheic zone was observed in all experiments regardless of the presence of ***,the presence of boulders promoted sediment intrusion of sand particles especially for the moderate applied bed shear stress condition,since the total amount of the infiltrated sand was found to be on average 44% greater whenboulders were *** findings from this study can provide additional insight regarding the role of boulders on promoting downwelling of flow and sediment within the gravel substrate with potential effects on fish habitat.

关键词： Spawning Gravel Boulders Sand Intrusion Sedimentation

Direct adaptive regulation of unknown nonlinear systems with analysis of the model order problem

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2011年第1期12卷 1-16页

作者： dimitrios THEODORIDIS Yiannis BOUTALIS Manolis CHRISTODOULOU Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Democritus University of Thrace Department of Industrial Informatics Technological Education Institute of Kavala Chair of Automatic Control University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Technical University of Crete Dipartimento di Automatica et Informatica Politecnico di Torino

A new method for the direct adaptive regulation of unknown nonlinear dynamical systems is proposed in this paper,paying special attention to the analysis of the model order *** method uses a neurofuzzy (NF) modeling of the unknown system,which combines fuzzy systems (FSs) with high order neural networks (HONNs).We propose the approximation of the unknown system by a special form of an NF-dynamical system (NFDS),which,however,may assume a smaller number of states than the original unknown *** omission of states,referred to as a model order problem,is modeled by introducing a disturbance term in the approximating *** development is combined with a sensitivity analysis of the closed loop and provides a comprehensive and rigorous analysis of the stability *** adaptive modification method,termed ‘parameter hopping’,is incorporated into the weight estimation algorithm so that the existence and boundedness of the control signal are always *** applicability and potency of the method are tested by simulations on well known benchmarks such as ‘DC motor’ and ‘Lorenz system’,where it is shown that it performs quite well under a reduced model order ***,the proposed NF approach is shown to outperform simple recurrent high order neural networks (RHONNs).

关键词： Neuro-fuzzy systems Direct adaptive regulation Model order problems Parameter hopping

Polymer flow through water- and oil-wet porous media

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第5期27卷 748-762页

作者： HATZIGNATIOU dimitrios G. MORADI Hojat STAVLAND Arne University of Stavanger Institute of Petroleum Technology International Research Institute of Stavanger IRIS Energy

The effect of wettability on polymer behavior in porous media is investigated through a series of synthetic polymer floods conducted in water- and oil-wet Bentheim and Berea sandstone cores. A new experimental setup is used in which the core effluent polymer concentrations are not measured during polymer flooding, but instead are passed through a capillary tube that is connected to the core outlet. Using the notion of intrinsic viscosity, an approximate expression is presented that can be used to determine the breakthrough time of the injected polymer solution. In addition, polymer adsorption, inaccessible pore volume, and apparent viscosities are evaluated for all cores and wetting conditions. In general, in the presence of residual oil, the oil-wet cores display the lowest degree of polymer retention（Berea） and the lowest inaccessible pore volume-IPV（Bentheim）. The largest wettability impact on the polymer behavior in porous media appears to be for the Berea formation; polymer retention in oil-wet cores decreases 90% and IPV 52% compared to the corresponding amounts for the water-wet ones. On the other hand, the estimated polymer retention and IPV values appear to be similar for the oil- and water-wet Bentheim cores, this is attributed to questionable wettability alteration.

关键词： polymer flow in porous media formation wettability polymer retention inaccessible pore volume permeability redu-ction resistance factor

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma:An update on epidemiology,classification,diagnosis and management

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2020年第6期19卷 515-523页

作者： dimitrios Schizas Aikaterini Mastoraki Eleni Routsi Michail Papapanou dimitrios Tsapralis Pantelis Vassiliu Konstantinos Toutouzas Evangelos Felekouras First Department of Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of AthensLaikon General HospitalAthensGreece Fourth Department of Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAttikon University HospitalAthensGreece Surgical Department General Hospital of IerapetraIerapetraGreece First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery National and Kapodistrian University of AthensHippocration HospitalAthensGreece

Background:Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma(CHC)is a rare subtype of primary hepatic malignancies,with variably reported incidence between 0.4%–14.2%of primary liver cancer *** study aimed to systematically review the epidemiological,clinicopathological,diagnostic and therapeutic data for this rare *** sources:We reviewed the literature of diagnostic approach of CHC with special reference to its clinical,molecular and histopathological *** analysis of the recent literature in order to evaluate the results of surgical and systemic treatment of this entity has been ***:The median age at CHC’s diagnosis appears to be between 50 and 75 *** of tumor markers[alpha fetoprotein(AFP),carbohydrate antigen 19–9(CA19–9)and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)]along with imaging patterns provides better opportunities for CHC’s preoperative *** clinicopathologic prognostic parameters possibly correlated with increased tumor recurrence and grimmer survival odds include advanced age,tumor size,nodal and distal metastases,vascular and regional organ invasion,multifocality,decreased capsule formation,stem-cell features verification and increased GGT as well as CA19–9 and CEA *** case of inoperable or recurrent disease,combinations of cholangiocarcinoma-directed systemic agents display superior results over ***-directed methods,such as transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),percutaneous ethanol injection(PEI),hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC),radioembolization and ablative therapies,demonstrate inferior efficacy than in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)due to CHC’s common ***:CHC demonstrates an overlapping clinical and biological pattern between its malignant *** history of the disease seems to be determined by the predominant tumor *** standard for diagnosis is histology of surgical *** therapeutic int

关键词： Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma Classification Diagnostic approach Therapeutic management

Extracting Natech Reports from Large Databases: Development of a Semi-Intelligent Natech Identification Framework

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第6期11卷 735-750页

作者： Xiaolong Luo Ana Maria Cruz dimitrios Tzioutzios Department of Urban Management Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKyoto 615-8540Japan Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto UniversityKyoto 611-0011Japan

Natural hazard-triggered technological accidents(Natechs)refer to accidents involving releases of hazardous materials(hazmat)triggered by natural *** economic losses,as well as human health and environmental problems are caused by *** this regard,learning from previous Natechs is critical for risk ***,due to data scarcity and high uncertainty concerning such hazards,it becomes a serious challenge for risk managers to detect Natechs from large databases,such as the National Response Center(NRC)*** the largest database of hazmat release incidents,the NRC database receives hazmat release reports from citizens in the United ***,callers often have incomplete details about the incidents they are *** results in many records having incomplete ***,it is quite difficult to identify and extract Natechs accurately and *** this study,we introduce machine learning theory into the Natech retrieving research,and a Semi-Intelligent Natech Identification Framework(SINIF)is proposed in order to solve the *** tested the suitability of two supervised machine learning algorithms,namely the Long ShortTerm Memory(LSTM)and the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),and selected the former for the development of the *** to the results,the SINIF is efficient(a total number of 826,078 records were analyzed)and accurate(the accuracy is over 0.90),while 32,841 Natech reports between 1990 and 2017 were extracted from the NRC ***,the majority of those Natech reports(97.85%)were related to meteorological phenomena,with hurricanes(24.41%),heavy rains(19.27%),and storms(18.29%)as the main causes of these reported ***,this study suggests that risk managers can benefit immensely from SINIF in analyzing Natech data from large databases efficiently.

关键词： Data extraction method Machine learning Natechs Natural hazards NRC database

Surgical dilemmas in the management of colorectal liver metastases: the role of timing

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第21期22卷 4963-4965页

作者： dimitrios Dimitroulis Gregory Kouraklis Second Department of Surgery University of Athens Medical SchoolAthens GreeceLaiko Hospital11527 AthensGreece

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is an emerging health problem in the Western World both for its raising tendency as well as for its metastatic potential. Almost half of the patients with CRC will develop liver metastases during the course of their disease. The liver surgeon dealing with colorectal liver metastases faces several surgical dilemmas especially in the setting of the timing of operation. Synchronous resectable metastases should be treated prior or after induction chemotherapy? Furthermore in the case of synchronous colorectal liver metastases which organ should we first deal with, the liver or the colon? All these questions are set in the editorial and impulse for further investigation is put focusing on multidisciplinary approach and individualization of treatment modalities.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Chemotherapy Timing of surgery Colorectal liver metastases Liver first procedure Multidisciplinary approach Individualized treatment strategies