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Effects of pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on reared black soldier fly larvae(hermetia illucens)

Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 817-834页

作者： Nathan Meijer Lisa Zoet Theo de Rijk Paul Zomer deborah rj.ers.h.j.van der fels.klerx joop j.A.van Loon Wageningen Food Safety Research(WFSR) Part of Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Bestico B.V. Industrieweg 6Berkel en RodenrjsThe Netherlands Plant Sciences Group Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityWageningenTheNetherlands

Black soldier fly larvae(hermetia illucens)receive growing interest as a potential alternative animal feed *** insects may be exposed to insecticide residues in the rearing *** study aimed to investigate the effects of six different pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on this insect species'*** toxicity of two"model"substances for each of these classes(cypermethrin;pirimiphosmethyl)was quantified,with and without the synergist piperonyl butoxide(PBO).Critical effect doses corresponding to 10%yield(CED10)for cypermethrin(0.4 mg/kg)and pirimiphos-methyl(4.8 mg/kg)were *** addition of PBO to cypermethrin enhanced its relative potency with a factor *** data were compared against the relative toxicity of two analogue substances in each class(permethrin,deltamethrin;chlorpyrifosmethyl,malathion).Results suggest that exposure to concentrations complying with legal limits can cause significant reductions in *** to multiple substances at lower concentrations resulted in negative additive and synergistic *** the tested substances,deltamethrin was most toxic,causing 94%yield at 0.5 mg/*** results suggested that transfer of tested substances to the larval biomass was substance-and concentration-specific,but appeared to be correlated to reduced yields and the presence of *** of organophosphates was overall low(high transfer may result in *** is recommended that rearing companies implement lower contractual thresholds,and that policymakers consider adjusting legally allowed maximum residue levels in insect feed.

关键词： feed insects pesticides rearing substrate

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CD4^(+)T cells produce IFN-I to license cDC1s for induction of cytotoxic T-cell activity in human tumors

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 374-392页

作者： Xin Lei Daniël C.de Groot Marij j.P.Welters Tom de Wit Ellen Schrama hans van Eenennaam Saskia j.Santegoets Timo Oosenbrug Annemarthe van der Veen joris L.Vos Charlotte L.Zuur Noel F.C.C.de Miranda heinz jacobs Sjoerd h.van der Burg jannie Borst Yanling Xiao Department of Immunology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Oncode Institute Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands Department of Tumor Biology and Immunology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Oncode InstituteLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands IMMIOS B.V. OssThe Netherlands Division of Medical Oncology The Netherlands Cancer InstituteAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Otorhinolaryngology Leiden University Medical Center LeidenThe Netherlands Department of Pathology Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands

CD4^(+)T cells can"help"or"license" conventional type 1 dendritic cells(cDC1s)to induce CD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocyte(CTL)anticancer responses,as proven in mouse *** recently identified cDC1s with a transcriptomic imprint of CD4^(+)T-cell help,specifically in T-cell-infiltrated human cancers,and these cells were associated with a good prognosis and response to PD-1-targeting ***,we delineate the mechanism of cDC1 licensing by CD4^(+)T cells in *** CD4^(+)T cells produce IFNβvia the STING pathway,which promotes MhC-I antigen(cross-)presentation by cDC1s and thereby improves their ability to induce CTL anticancer *** cooperation with CD40 ligand(L),IFNβalso optimizes the costimulatory and other functions of cDC1s required for CTL response ***-I-producing CD4^(+)T cells are present in diverse T-cell-infiltrated cancers and likely deliver“help”signals to CTLs locally,according to their transcriptomic profile and colocalization with“helped/licensed”cDCs and tumor-reactive CD8^(+)T *** agreement with this scenario,the presence of IFN-I-producing CD4^(+)T cells in the TME is associated with overall survival and the response to PD-1 checkpoint blockade in cancer patients.

关键词： CD4^(+)T-cell help cDC1 licensing IFN-I signaling CD40 costimulation (cross-)presentation CTL priming Tumor control

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Inbreeding and genetic load in a pair of sibling grouse species:Tetrastes sewersowi and ***

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Avian Research 2024年第2期15卷 265-270页

作者： Kai Song Tom van der Valk Bin Gao Peter halvarsson Yun Fang Wendong Xie Siegfried Klaus Zhiming han Yue-hua Sun jacob hoglund Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Animal Ecology Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityNorbyvagen 18DUppsala75236Sweden Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Uppsala75273Sweden Unit of Parasitology Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public HealthSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesPO Box 7036Uppsala75007Sweden Lindenhohe 5 JenaD-07749Germany The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

Genetic load and inbreeding are recognized as important factors to be considered in conservation *** levels of both can increase the risk of population extinction by negatively impacting fitness-related characters in many species of plants and animals,including humans(inbreeding depression).Genomic tech-niques are increasingly used in measuring and understanding genetic load and inbreeding and their importance in evolution and *** used whole genome resequencing data from two sibling grouse species in subarctic Eurasia to quantify *** found a large range of inbreeding measured as FROh(fraction of runs of homozygosity)in individuals from different populations of Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi)and hazel Grouse(***).FROh estimated from genome-wide runs of homozygosity(ROh)ranged from 0.02 to 0.24 among Chinese Grouse populations and from 0.01 to 0.44 in hazel *** from a population of Chinese Grouse residing in the Qilian mountains and from the European populations of hazel Grouse(including samples from Sweden,Germany and Northeast Poland)were the most inbred(FROh ranged from 0.10 to 0.23 and 0.11 to 0.44,respectively).These levels are comparable to other highly inbred populations of *** Grouse from northern China and Chinese Grouse residing in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed relatively lower inbreeding *** of the ratio between deleterious missense mutations and synonymous mutations revealed higher levels in Chinese Grouse as compared to hazel *** results are possibly explained by higher fixation rates,mutational melt down,in the range-restricted Chinese Grouse compared to the wide-ranging hazel ***,when we compared the relatively more severe class of loss-of-function muta-tions,hazel Grouse had slightly higher levels than Chinese Grouse,a result which may indicate that purifying selection(purging)has been more efficient in Chinese Grouse on this class of mutations.

关键词： Genetic load Inbreeding Purifying selection Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau ROh Tetrastes

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Drug repurposing screen identifies vidofludimus calcium and pyrazofurin as novel chemical entities for the development of hepatitis E interventions

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Virologica Sinica 2024年第1期39卷 123-133页

作者： hongbo Guo Dan Liu Kuan Liu Yao hou Chunyang Li Qiudi Li Xiaohui Ding Monique M.A.Verstegen jikai Zhang Lingli Wang Yibo Ding Renxian Tang Xiucheng Pan Kuiyang Zheng Luc j.Wvan der Laan Qiuwei Pan Wenshi Wang Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and MetabolismJiangsu International Laboratory of Immunity and MetabolismXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou221004China Department of Gastroenterology and hepatology Erasmus MC-University Medical CenterRotterdamNL-3015 CNthe Netherlands Department of Surgery Erasmus MC Transplant InstituteUniversity Medical CenterRotterdam3015CENL-3015 CNthe Netherlands Department of Infectious Diseases The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou221002China

hepatitis E virus(hEV)infection can cause severe complications and high mortality,particularly in pregnant women,organ transplant recipients,individuals with pre-existing liver disease and immunosuppressed ***,there are still unmet needs for treating chronic hEV ***,we screened a best-in-class drug repurposing library consisting of 262 drugs/*** screening,we identified vidofludimus calcium and pyrazofurin as novel anti-hEV *** calcium is the next-generation dihydroorotate dehydrogenase(DhODh)inhibitor in the phase 3 pipeline to treat autoimmune diseases or SARS-CoV-2 *** selectively targets uridine monophosphate synthetase(UMPS).Their anti-hEV effects were further investigated in a range of cell culture models and human liver organoids models with wild type hEV strains and ribavirin treatment failure-associated hEV ***,both drugs exhibited a sizeable therapeutic window against *** instance,the IC50 value of vidofludimus calcium is 4.6–7.6-fold lower than the current therapeutic doses in ***,their anti-hEV mode of action depends on the blockage of pyrimidine ***,two drugs robustly inhibited ribavirin treatment failure-associated hEV mutants(Y1320h,G1634R).Their combination with IFN-αresulted in synergistic antiviral *** conclusion,we identified vidofludimus calcium and pyrazofurin as potent candidates for the treatment of hEV *** on their antiviral potency,and also the favorable safety profile identified in clinical studies,our study supports the initiation of clinical studies to repurpose these drugs for treating chronic hepatitis E.

关键词： hepatitis Evirus(hEV) Drug repurposing Vidofludimus calcium Pyrazofurin Pyrimidine biosynthesis

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Artificial intelligence for characterization of diminutive colorectal polyps:A feasibility study comparing two computer-aided diagnosis systems

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第1期5卷 11-22页

作者： Quirine Eunice Wennie van der Zander Ramon M Schreuder Ayla Thijssen Carolus h j Kusters Nikoo Dehghani Thom Scheeve Bjorn Winkens Mirjam C M van der Ende-van Loon Peter h N de With Fons van der Sommen Ad A M Masclee Erik j Schoon Department of Gastroenterology and hepatology Maastricht University Medical CenterMaastricht 6202 AZNetherlands GROW School for Oncology and ReproductionMaastricht UniversityMaastricht 6200 MDNetherlands Division of Gastroenterology and hepatology Catharina Hospital EindhovenEindhoven 5602 ZANetherlands Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBNetherlands Department of Methodology and Statistics Maastricht UniversityPostbus 6166200 MD MaastrichtNetherlands School for Public health and Primary Care Maastricht UniversityMaastricht 6200 MDNetherlands

BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence(AI)has potential in the optical diagnosis of colorectal *** To evaluate the feasibility of the real-time use of the computer-aided diagnosis system(CADx)AI for ColoRectal Polyps(AI4CRP)for the optical diagnosis of diminutive colorectal polyps and to compare the performance with CAD EYE^(TM)(Fujifilm,Tokyo,japan).CADx influence on the optical diagnosis of an expert endoscopist was also *** AI4CRP was developed in-house and CAD EYE was proprietary software provided by *** CADxsystems exploit convolutional neural *** polyps were characterized as benign or premalignant and histopathology was used as gold ***4CRP provided an objective assessment of its characterization by presenting a calibrated confidence characterization value(range 0.0-1.0).A predefined cut-off value of 0.6 was set with valuesharacterizations were defined as values 40%around the cut-off value of 0.6(0.76).Self-critical AI4CRP’s diagnostic performances excluded low confidence *** AI4CRP use was feasible and performed on 30 patients with 51 colorectal ***-critical AI4CRP,excluding 14 low confidence characterizations[27.5%(14/51)],had a diagnostic accuracy of 89.2%,sensitivity of 89.7%,and specificity of 87.5%,which was higher compared to *** EYE had a 83.7%diagnostic accuracy,74.2%sensitivity,and 100.0%*** performances of the endoscopist alone(before AI)increased nonsignificantly after reviewing the CADx characterizations of both AI4CRP and CAD EYE(AI-assisted endoscopist).Diagnostic performances of the AI-assisted endoscopist were higher compared to both CADx-systems,except for specificity for which CAD EYE performed *** Real-time use of AI4CRP was *** confidence values provided by a CADx is novel and self-critical AI4CRP sho

关键词： Artificial intelligence Colorectal polyp characterization Computer aided diagnosis Diminutive colorectal polyps Optical diagnosis Self-critical artificial intelligence

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Effect of nitrogen application level on cotton fibre quality

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journal of Cotton Research 2022年第1期5卷 80-114页

作者： van der SLUIjS Marinus h.j Textile Technical Services 35 Helena StreetBelmontGeelongVIC 3216Australia Deakin University Pigdons RoadWaurn PondsGeelongVIC 3216Australia

The nitrogen(N)requirements of cotton are well understood and have been extensively studied since 1887,with practical guides,decision support systems,models and recent reviews providing information on the importance of providing cotton crops with a sufficient supply of nutrients and improving nitrogen use *** that the financial return to the grower depends on both the cotton quantity and quality and the growing importance of the latter,this review focusses specifically on information and knowledge about the effect of nitrogen application level on fibre quality.

关键词： Cotton Nitrogen Fibre quality

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A Space-Time Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Wave Equation

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2022年第3期4卷 904-944页

作者： Poorvi Shukla j.j.W.van der Vegt Department of Applied Mathematics University of TwenteP.O.Box 2177500 AE EnschedeThe Netherlands

A new higher-order accurate space-time discontinuous Galerkin(DG)method using the interior penalty flux and discontinuous basis functions,both in space and in time,is pre-sented and fully analyzed for the second-order scalar wave *** attention is given to the definition of the numerical fluxes since they are crucial for the stability and accuracy of the space-time DG *** theoretical analysis shows that the DG discre-tization is stable and converges in a DG-norm on general unstructured and locally refined meshes,including local refinement in *** space-time interior penalty DG discre-tization does not have a CFL-type restriction for *** order of accuracy is obtained in the DG-norm if the mesh size h and the time stepΔt satisfy h≅CΔt,with C a positive *** optimal order of accuracy of the space-time DG discretization in the DG-norm is confirmed by calculations on several model *** calculations also show that for pth-order tensor product basis functions the convergence rate in the L∞and L2-norms is order p+1 for polynomial orders p=1 and p=3 and order p for polynomial order p=2.

关键词： Wave equation Space-time methods Discontinuous Galerkin methods Interior penalty method A priori error analysis

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Postoperative surgical site infection in cholesteatoma surgery with and without mastoid obliteration, what can we learn?

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journal of Otology 2022年第1期17卷 25-30页

作者： F.L.j.Cals h.F.E.van der Toom R.M.Metselaar A.van Linge M.P.van der Schroeff R.j.Pauw Department of Otorhinolaryngology and head and Neck Surgery Erasmus Medical CenterRotterdamthe Netherlands

Introduction:This study aims to describe the occurrence of postoperative complications related to cholesteatoma surgery and to determine factors influencing the most common complication,*** surgical site infection(SSI)in cases with and without mastoid *** and methods:Retrospective analyses were performed on surgically treated cholesteatomas in our hospital between 2013 and *** characteristics,peri-and postoperative management and complications were *** cases were divided into two groups based on whether mastoid obliteration was performed or ***:A total of 336 cholesteatoma operations were performed,of which 248 cases received mastoid *** total 21 complications were observed,of which SSI was the most common(15/21).No difference in occurrence of any postoperative complication was seen between the obliteration and noobliteration group(p=0.798),especially not in the number of SSI(p=0.520).Perioperative and/or postoperative prophylactic antibiotics were not associated to the development of an SSI in both *** the no-obliteration group a younger age(p=0.015),as well as primary surgery(p=0.022)increased the risk for *** the obliteration group the use of bioactive glass(BAG)S53P4 was identified as independent predictor of SSI(p=0.008,OR 5.940).Discussion:SSI is the most common postoperative complication in cholesteatoma *** causes of SSI are multifactorial,therefore further prospective research is needed to answer which factors can prevent the development of an SSI in cholesteatoma surgery.

关键词： Cholesteatoma Mastoid obliteration Postoperative surgical site infection Complications Bioactive glass S53P4

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Amplitude analysis of the decays D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第8期48卷 6-33页

作者： M.Ablikim M.N.Achasov P.Adlarson O.Afedulidis X.C.Ai R.Aliberti A.Amoroso Q.An Y.Bai O.Bakina I.Balossino Y.Ban h.-R.Bao V.Batozskaya K.Begzsuren N.Berger M.Berlowski M.Bertani D.Bettoni F.Bianchi E.Bianco A.Bortone I.Boyko R.A.Briere A.Brueggemann h.Cai X.Cai A.Calcaterra G.F.Cao N.Cao S.A.Cetin j.F.Chang W.L.Chang G.R.Che G.Chelkov C.Chen C.h.Chen Chao Chen G.Chen h.S.Chen M.L.Chen S.j.Chen S.L.Chen S.M.Chen T.Chen X.R.Chen X.T.Chen Y.B.Chen Y.Q.Chen Z.j.Chen Z.Y.Chen S.K.Choi X.Chu G.Cibinetto F.Cossio j.j.Cui h.L.Dai j.P.Dai A.Dbeyssi R.E.de Boer D.Dedovich C.Q.Deng Z.Y.Deng A.Denig I.Denysenko M.Destefanis F.De Mori B.Fang S.S.Fang W.X.Fang Y.Fang Y.Q.Fang R.Farinelli L.Fava F.Feldbauer G.Felici C.Q.Feng j.h.Feng Y.T.Feng K.Fischer M.Fritsch C.D.Fu j.L.Fu Y.W.Fu h.Gao Y.N.Gao Yang Gao S.Garbolino I.Garzia P.T.Ge Z.W.Ge C.Geng E.M.Gersabeck B.Ding X.X.Ding Y.Ding Y.Ding j.Dong L.Y.Dong M.Y.Dong X.Dong M.C.Du S.X.Du Z.h.Duan P.Egorov Y.h.Fan j.Fang jA.Gilman K.Goetzen L.Gong W.X.Gong W.Gradl S.Gramigna M.Greco M.h.Gu Y.T.Gu C.Y.Guan Z.L.Guan A.Q.Guo L.B.Guo M.j.Guo R.P.Guo Y.P.Guo A.Guskov j.Gutierrez K.L.han T.T.han X.Q.hao F.A.harris K.K.he K.L.he F.h.heinsius C.h.heinz Y.K.heng C.herold T.holtmann P.C.hong G.Y.hou X.T.hou Y.R.hou Z.L.hou B.Y.hu h.M.hu j.F.hu T.hu Y.hu G.S.huang K.X.huang L.Q.huang X.T.huang Y.P.huang T.hussain F.h\"olzken N.h\"usken N.in der Wiesche M.Irshad j.jackson S.janchiv j.h.jeong Q.ji Q.P.ji W.ji X.B.ji X.L.ji Y.Y.ji X.Q.jia Z.K.jia D.jiang h.B.jiang P.C.jiang S.S.jiang T.j.jiang X.S.jiang Y.jiang j.B.jiao j.K.jiao Z.jiao S.jin Y.jin M.Q.jing X.M.jing T.johansson S.Kabana N.Kalantar-Nayestanaki X.L.Kang X.S.Kang M.Kavatsyuk B.C.Ke V.Khachatryan A.Khoukaz R.Kiuchi O.B.Kolcu B.Kopf M.Kuessner X.Kui A.Kupsc W.K\"uhn j.j.Lane P.Larin L.Lavezzi T.T.Lei Z.h.Lei h.Leithoff M.Lellmann T.Lenz C.Li C.Li C.h.Li Cheng Li D.M.Li F.Li G.Li h.Li h.B.Li h.j.Li h.N.Li hui Li j.R.Li j.S.Li K.Li L.j.Li L.K.Li Lei Li M.h.Li P.R.Li Q.M.Li Q.X.Li R.Li S.X.Li T.Li W.D.Li W.G.Li X.Li X.h.Li X.L.Li X.Y.Li Y Institute of high Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Bochum Ruhr-University D-44780 BochumGermany Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS(BINP) Novosibirsk 630090Russia Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPennsylvania 15213USA Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079China Central South University Changsha 410083China China Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing 100190China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China Chung-Ang University Seoul06974Republic of Korea COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore CampusDefence RoadOff Raiwind Road54000 LahorePakistan Fudan University Shanghai 200433China GSI helmholtzcentre for heavy Ion Research Gmbh D-64291 DarmstadtGermany Guangxi Normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi University Nanning 530004China hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 310036China hebei University Baoding 071002China helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007China henan University Kaifeng 475004China henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003China henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001China huangshan College Huangshan 245000China hunan Normal University Changsha 410081China hunan University Changsha 410082China Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai 600036India Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati INFN Laboratori Nazionali di FrascatiI-00044FrascatiItaly INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati INFN Sezione di PerugiaI-06100PerugiaItaly INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati University of PerugiaI-06100PerugiaItaly INFN Sezione di Ferrara INFN Sezione di FerraraI-44122FerraraItaly INFN Sezione di Ferrara University of FerraraI-44122FerraraItaly Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Modern Physics Lanzhou 730000China Institute of Physics and Technology Peace Avenue 54BUlaanbaatar 13330Mongolia Instituto de A

Using e^(+)e^(−)annihilation data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb^(−1)taken at the center-of-mass energy√s=3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector,a joint amplitude analysis is performed on the decays D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η).The fit fractions of individual components are obtained,and large interferences among the dominant components of the decays D^(0)→a_(1)(1260)π,D^(0)→π(1300)π,D^(0)→ρ(770)ρ(770),and D^(0)→2(ππ)_(S)are observed in both *** the obtained amplitude model,the CP-even fractions of D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η)are determined to be(75.2±1.1_(stat).±1.5_(syst.))%and(68.9±1.5_(stat).±2.4_(syst.))%,*** branching fractions of D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(+)π^(−)and D^(0)→π^(+)π^(−)π^(0)π^(0)(non-η)are measured to be(0.688±0.010_(stat.)±0.010_(syst.))%and(0.951±0.025_(stat.)±0.021_(syst.))%,*** amplitude analysis provides an important model for the binning strategy in measuring the strong phase parameters of D^(0)→4πwhen used to determine the CKM angleγ(ϕ_(3))via the B^(−)→DK^(−)decay.

关键词： BESIII D^(0)meson decays amplitude analysis CP-even fraction

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Tribology of enzymatically degraded cartilage mimicking early osteoarthritis

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Friction 2023年第9期11卷 1724-1740页

作者： Ke REN Miguel Alejandro REINA MAhEChA Maike hÜBNER Zhiwei CUI hans j.KAPER hugo C.van der VEEN Prashant K.ShARMA Department of Biomedical Engineering University Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningen 9713AVthe Netherlands Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600MBthe Netherlands Department of Orthopedic Surgery University Medical Centre GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningen 9700RBthe Netherlands

healthy cartilage is a water-filled super lubricious *** type II provides it structural stability,and proteoglycans absorb water to keep the cartilage in a swollen condition,providing it the ability to creep and provide weeping ***(OA)is a degenerative and debilitating disorder of diarthrodial joints,where articular cartilage damage originates from enzymatic degradation and mechanical damage(wear).The objective of this research is to observe the level of cartilage damage present in knee arthroplasty patients and to understand the friction and creep behavior of enzymatically degraded bovine cartilage in ***(Lat)and medial(Med)condylar cartilages from OA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty showed signs of enzymatic degradation and mechanical *** cartilages were exposed to collagenase III and chondroitinase ABC to degrade collagen and proteoglycans,*** loss of proteoglycans or collagen network and morphological changes were observed through histology and the atomic force microscope(AFM),respectively.A significant effect on creep due to enzymatic treatment was not *** the enzymatic treatment was found to significantly decrease the coefficient of friction(COF)at 4 N,while higher COF was shown from chondroitinase ABC degraded cartilage at 40 *** III treatment leads to the release of intact proteoglycans at the sliding interface,while chondroitinase ABC treatment leads to the loss of chondroitin sulfate(CS)from the *** ABC-digested bovine cartilage mimicked patient samples the best because of the similar distributions of proteoglycans,collagen network,and friction behavior.

关键词： lubrication cartilage boundary lubrication osteoarthritis(OA)

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