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Interrelationship of soil moisture and temperature to sylvatic plague cycle among prairie dogs in the Western United States

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Integrative Zoology 2021年第6期16卷 852-867页

作者： Cassandra D.PAULING deborah L.FINKE deborah m.anderson Department of Veterinary Pathobiology University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA Division of Plant Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA

Plague,caused by Yersinia pestis,is a flea-borne disease that is endemic in areas throughout the world due to its successful maintenance in a sylvatic cycle,mainly in areas with temperate climates.Burrowing rodents are thought to play a key role in the enzootic maintenance as well as epizootic outbreaks of plague.In the United States,prairie dogs(Cynomys),rodents(muridae),and ground squirrels(Spermophilus)are susceptible to infection and are parasitized by fleas that transmit plague.In particular,prairie dogs can experience outbreaks that rapidly spread,which can lead to extirpation of colonies.A number of ecological parameters,including climate,are associated with these epizootics.In this study,we asked whether soil parameters,primarily moisture and temperature,are associated with outbreaks of plague in black-tailed prairie dogs and Gunnison’s prairie dogs in the Western United States,and at what depth these associations were apparent.We collected publicly available county-level information on the occurrence of population declines or colony extirpation,while historical soil data was collected from SCAN and USCRN stations in counties and states where prairie dogs have been located.The analysis suggests that soil moisture at lower depths correlates with colony die-offs,in addition to temperature near the surface,with key differences within the landscape ecology that impact the occurrence of plague.Overall,the model suggests that the burrow environment may play a significant role in the epizootic spread of disease amongst black-tailed and Gunnison’s prairie dogs.

关键词： plague prairie dogs soil moisture soil temperature sylvatic cycle Yersinia pestis

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A Theoretically Grounded Question Answering Data Set for Evaluating machine Common Sense

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Data Intelligence 2024年第1期6卷 1-28页

作者： Henrique Santos Ke Shen Alice m.mulvehill mayank Kejriwal deborah L.mcGuinness Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY Information Sciences Institute Marina del Rey CA

Achieving machine common sense has been a longstanding problem within Artificial Intelligence.Thus far,benchmark data sets that are grounded in a theory of common sense and can be used to conduct rigorous,semantic evaluations of common sense reasoning(CSR)systems have been lacking.One expectation of the AI community is that neuro-symbolic reasoners can help bridge this gap towards more dependable systems with common sense.We propose a novel benchmark,called Theoretically Grounded common sense Reasoning(TG-CSR),modeled as a set of question answering instances,with each instance grounded in a semantic category of common sense,such as space,time,and emotions.The benchmark is few-shot i.e.,only a few training and validation examples are provided in the public release to avoid the possibility of overfitting.Results from recent evaluations suggest that TG-CSR is challenging even for state-of-the-art statistical models.Due to its semantic rigor,this benchmark can be used to evaluate the common sense reasoning capabilities of neuro-symbolic systems.

关键词： reasoning Intelligence instance

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Red osier dogwood and its use in animal nutrition:A review

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 64-77页

作者： Taiwo Joseph Erinle martine Boulianne Younes miar Robert Scales deborah Adewole Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture Faculty of AgricultureDalhousie UniversityTruro NSB2N 5E3Canada Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Montreal3200 Sicotte StreetSaint-Hyacinthe QCJ2S 2M2Canada Red Dog Enterprises Ltd. Swan River MBR0L 1Z0Canada

As the human population increases globally,the food animal industry has not been spared from the monumental demand for edible animal products,particularly meat.This has necessitated the simulta-neous expansion of the productivity of the animal sector to meet the ever-growing human needs.Although antibiotics have been used in food animal production with commendable positive impacts on their growth performance,their sole contributive factor to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance has ushered the strict restrictions placed on their use in the animal sector.This has handed a setback to both animals and farmers;thus,the intense push for a more sustainable antibiotic alternative for use in animal production.The use of plants with concentrated phytogenic compounds has gained much interest due to their beneficial bioactivities,including antioxidant and selective antimicrobial.While the reported beneficial activities of phytogenic additives on animals vary due to their varying total polyphenol concentrations(TPC),red osier dogwood(ROD)plant materials boast of high TPC with excellent antioxidant prowess and growth improvement capacities compared to some plant extracts commonly used in research.However,its adoption in research and commercial scale is still low.Thus,the present review aims to provide concise information on the dietary potential of ROD plant materials in animal feeding.

关键词： Red osier dogwood Antibiotic-alternative Polyphenolic compounds Antioxidant Antimicrobial

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Integrating omics technologies for improved quality and safety of seafood products

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第4期8卷 457-462页

作者： deborah m Power Petros Taoukis Dimitra Houhoula Theofania Tsironi Emmanouil Flemetakis Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology Group Centro de Ciencias do MarUniversity of AlgarveFaroPortugal International Institution of marine Science Shanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of AthensGreece University of West Attica School of Food SciencesDepartment of Food Science&TechnologyGreece Agricultural University of Athens Department of Food Science and Human NutritionLaboratory of Food Process EngineeringGreece Agricultural University of Athens Department of BiotechnologyLaboratory of Molecular BiologyGreece

An essential aspect of product quality of aquatic foods is the rapid and accurate identification of bacterial species.From this perspective omics technologies prove to be very useful in the assessment of the quality and safety of seafood products.Such technologies can identify and detect low levels of contamination by pathogenic and spoilage bacteria and can be used to study the effects caused by processing and storage of seafood products.The integration of food processing with the monitoring of the microbial characteristics using conventional microbiological assays,coupled to molecular techniques may establish the baseline for the development of quicker and more sensitive and reliable methods for seafood safety screening.The use of combined omics technologies,including metagenomics,proteomics and metabolomics,coupled to conventional quality indices such as colour,texture and flavour offer a new tool for novel processing optimization to ensure seafood quality.The aim of this brief review is to outline how omics technologies can generate novel tools for integration into seafood processing and quality control.Considering that the main aspect of the review is the improvement of safety and quality of the final product,from production to consumption,emphasis is given to microbial identification and metabolite detection,the evaluation of the allergenic capacity of fish and seafood and optimization of postharvest processing.Deployment of omics for identification of potential microalgal products of relevance to seafood quality and safety is also considered.

关键词： microbiome Proteome Fish microalgae Seafood Quality molecular methods

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Cognitive function among military veterans with STEm occupations

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military medical Research 2024年第2期11卷 308-310页

作者： Justin T.mcDaniel Kevin N.Hascup Erin R.Hascup Ugochukwu G.Ezigbo Amanda m.Weidhuner Harvey Henson David L.Albright Dale and deborah Smith Center for Alzheimer's Research and trEatment(CARE) Southern Illinois University School of MedicineSpringfieldIL 62794USA STEm Education Research Center Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901USA Department of Political Science The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA

Dear Editor,There is limited research on the relationship between science,technology,engineering,and mathematics(STEm)occupational history and cognitive function in later life,especially among military veterans,who may be at greater risk for later-life cognitive decline.This study examines a nationally representative sample of military veterans to address this gap in knowledge.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Veterans Science technology engineering and mathematics(STEm) Animal fluency test Dementia

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musculoskeletal Conditions in Persons Living with HIV/AIDS:A Scoping Review

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Current medical Science 2022年第1期42卷 17-25页

作者： Louise Schade Berg James JYoung deborah Kopansky-Giles Stefan Eberspaecher Geoff Outerbridge Eric LHurwitz Jan Hartvigsen Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern DenmarkOdense 5230Denmark Department of Research Canadian Memorial Chiropractic CollegeToronto M2H3 J1Canada Department of Family&Community medicine University of TorontoMG51V7Canada Department of Orthopedic Surgery Princess Marina HospitalGaborone 8WVF+7H3Botswana World Spine Care Canadian Memorial Chiropractic CollegeToronto M2H 3J1Canada Office of Public Health Studies University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu 96822USA Chiropractic Knowledge Hub Odense 5230Denmark

Objective:Globally 37.9 million people are living with HIV/AIDS,and with mortality rates declining,there is an increasing focus on comorbidities including musculoskeletal(mSK)disorders.Therefore,the aim of this scoping review was to generate and summarize an overview of the existing scientific literature dealing with mSK complaints in people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHAs).methods:This scoping review followed the five-stage methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O'malley.

关键词： musculoskeletal conditions HIV AIDS

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Transcriptional regulation of secretory capacity by bZip transcription factors

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Frontiers in Biology 2015年第1期10卷 28-51页

作者： Rebecca m. FOX deborah J. ANDREW The Department of Cell Biology The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 USA

Cells of specialized secretory organs expand their secretory pathways to accommodate the increased protein load necessary for their function. The endoplasmic reticulum （ER）, the Golgi apparatus and the secretory vesicles, expand not only the membrane components but also the protein machinery required for increased protein production and transport. Increased protein load causes an ER stress response akin to the Unfolded Protein Response （UPR）. Recent work has implicated several bZip transcription factors in the regulation of protein components of the early secretory pathway necessary to alleviate this stress. Here, we highlight eight bZip transcription factors in regulating secretory pathway component genes. These include components of the three canonical branches of the UPR-ATF4, XBP1, and ATF6, as well as the five members of the Creb3 family of transcription factors. We review findings from both invertebrate and vertebrate model systems suggesting that all of these proteins increase secretory capacity in response to increased protein load. Finally, we propose that the Creb3 family of factors may have a dual role in secretory cell differentiation by also regulating the pathways necessary for cell cycle exit during terminal differentiation.

关键词： bZip transcription factors endoplasmic reticulum Golgi secretion secretory capacity secretory vesicles

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Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia and pneumomediastinum in an anti-TNFαnaive patient with ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第15期15卷 1897-1900页

作者： James C Lee deborah C Bell Richard m Guinness Tariq Ahmad Department of Gastroenterology Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital

We report the case of a 21-year-old man who was noted to have pneumomedi astinum during an admission for an acute flare of ulcerative colitis.At that time,he was on maintenance treatment with azathioprine at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg per day,and had not received supplementary steroids for 9 mo. He had never received anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)αtherapy.Shortly after apparently effective treatment with intravenous steroids and an increased dose of azathioprine,he developed worsening colitic and new respiratory symptoms,and was diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci(carinii)pneumonia(PCP). Pneumomediastinum is rare in immunocompetent hosts,but is a recognized complication of PCP in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patients, although our patient’s HIV test was negative. Treatment of PCP with co-trimoxazole resulted in resolution of both respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms,without the need to increase the steroid dose.There is increasing vigilance for opportunistic infections in patients with inflammatory bowel disease following the advent of anti-TNFαtherapy. This case emphasizes the importance of considering the possibility of such infections in all patients with inflammatory bowel disease,irrespective of the immunosuppressants they receive,and highlights the potential of steroid-responsive opportunistic infections to mimic worsening colitic symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis.

关键词：溃疡性结肠炎纵隔气肿肺炎维持治疗剂量人类免疫缺陷病毒抗肿瘤坏死因子呼吸道症状炎症性肠病

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Objective Phenotyping of Root System Architecture Using Image Augmentation and machine Learning in Alfalfa (medicago sativa L.)

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Plant Phenomics 2022年第1期4卷 342-356页

作者： Zhanyou Xu Larry m.York Anand Seethepalli Bruna Bucciarelli Hao Cheng deborah A.Samac USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit1991 Upper Buford CircleSt.PaulMN 55108USA Biosciences Division and Center for Bioenergy Innovation Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37830USA Noble Research Institute LLCArdmoreOK 73401USA Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics University of Minnesota1991 Upper Buford CircleSt.PaulMN 55108USA Department of Animal Science University of California2251 Meyer HallOne Shields Ave.DavisCA 95616USA

Active breeding programs specifically for root system architecture(RSA)phenotypes remain rare;however,breeding for branch and taproot types in the perennial crop alfalfa is ongoing.Phenotyping in this and other crops for active RSA breeding has mostly used visual scoring of specific traits or subjective classification into different root types.While image-based methods have been developed,translation to applied breeding is limited.

关键词： breeding Image Root

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Associations of blood biomarkers with glomerular filtration rate in patients with TIA and stroke: population-based study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第1期6卷 48-56页

作者： Dearbhla m.Kelly Linxin Li Annette I Burgess deborah L Poole Julia m Duerden Peter m.Rothwell Wolfson Centre for the Prevention of Stroke and Dementia Nuffield Department of Clinical NeurosciencesOxford UniversityOxfordUK

Background and purpose Non-traditional risk factors such as chronic inflammation,oxidative stress and thrombogenic factors are believed to contribute to the excess stroke risk in chronic kidney disease(CKD)by triggering vascular injury and endothelial dysfunction.We aimed to determine how well a panel of biomarkers representative of these factors would correlate with estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)in patients with recent transient ischaemic attack(TIA)or stroke.We also investigated whether eGFR would confound previously reported associations between biomarkers and mortality.methods We studied a panel of 16 blood biomarkers related to inflammation,thrombosis,atherogenesis and cardiac or neuronal cell damage in TIA or ischaemic stroke in a population-based study(Oxford Vascular Study).Biomarker levels were log-transformed and correlated with eGFR,adjusted for age.Cox proportional hazard models were used for survival analysis.Results Among 1297 patients with TIA or stroke,52.7%(n=684)of patients had CKD(eGFRmL/min/1.73 m^(2)).There was a moderate correlation between log-eGFR and the log-transformed soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor-1(R^(2)=0.21),attenuating with adjustment for age(R^(2)=0.12).There were moderate-to strong correlations with markers of cardiac injury,N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and heart-type fatty acid binding protein(hFABP,R2=0.14 and 0.34,respectively).The strongest correlation after adjustment for age was between hFABP and eGFR(R^(2)=0.20).Adjusting for eGFR did not impact any biomarker associations with mortality.Conclusions Correlations between biomarkers related to inflammation and thrombosis with renal dysfunction in the setting of cerebrovascular events were generally modest after adjustment for age,suggesting that putative risk factors such as chronic inflammation or coagulopathy are unlikely to be important stroke mechanisms in patients with CKD.

关键词： inflammation patients mortality

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