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Recent advances in non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging assessment of hepatocellular carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第23期24卷 2413-2426页

作者： davide Ippolito Riccardo Inchingolo Luigi Grazioli Silvia Girolama Drago Michele Nardella Marco gatti Riccardo Faletti School of Medicine University of Milano-Bicocca Department of Diagnostic Radiology HS Gerardo Monza Division of Interventional Radiology Department of RadiologyMadonna delle Grazie Hospital Department of Radiology University of Brescia "Spedali Civili" Department of Surgical Sciences Radiology UnitUniversity of Turin

Magnetic resonance(MR) imaging of the liver is an important tool for the detection and characterization of focal liver lesions and for assessment of diffuse liver disease,having several intrinsic characteristics,represented by high soft tissue contrast,avoidance of ionizing radiation or iodinated contrast media,and more recently,by application of several functional imaging techniques(i.e.,diffusion-weighted sequences,hepatobiliary contrast agents,perfusion imaging,magnetic resonance(MR)-elastography,and radiomics analysis). MR functional imaging techniques are extensively used both in routine practice and in the field of clinical and pre-clinical research because,through a qualitative rather than quantitative approach,they can offer valuable information about tumor tissue and tissue architecture,cellular biomarkers related to the hepatocellular functions,or tissue vascularization profiles related to tumor and tissue biology. This kind of approach offers in vivo physiological parameters,capable of evaluating physiological and pathological modifications of tissues,by the analysis of quantitative data that could be used in tumor detection,characterization,treatmentselection,and follow-up,in addition to those obtained from standard morphological imaging. In this review we provide an overview of recent advanced techniques in MR for the diagnosis and staging of hepatocellular carcinoma,and their role in the assessment of response treatment evaluation.

关键词： Liver Cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Magnetic resonance Transarterial chemoembolization Contrast media

Radiological findings in non-surgical recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma:From locoregional treatments to immunotherapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第11期29卷 1669-1684页

作者： davide Ippolito Cesare Maino Marco gatti Paolo Marra Riccardo Faletti Francesco Cortese Riccardo Inchingolo Sandro Sironi Department of Radiology IRCCS San Gerardo dei TintoriMonza 20900Italy School of Medicine and Surgery University of Milano-BicoccaMilano 20121Italy Department of Surgical Sciences University of TurinTurin 10126Italy Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Papa Giovanni ⅩⅩⅢ HospitalBergamo 24127Italy Interventional Radiology Unit “F.Miulli”Regional General HospitalBari 70121Italy

Since hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represents an important cause of mortality and morbidity all over the ***,it is fundamental not only to achieve a curative treatment but also to manage in the best way any possible *** if the latest update of the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer guidelines for HCC treatment has introduced new locoregional techniques and confirmed others as well-established clinical practices,there is still no consensus about the treatment of recurrent HCC(RHCC).Locoregional treatments and medical therapy represent two of the most widely accepted approaches for disease control,especially in the advanced stage of liver *** medical treatments are now approved,and others are under *** this basis,radiology plays a central role in the diagnosis of RHCC and the assessment of response to locoregional treatments and medical therapy for *** review summarized the actual clinical practice by underlining the importance of the radiological approach both in the diagnosis and treatment of RHCC.

关键词： Carcinoma Hepatocellular Liver Ablation Catheter Radio frequency ablation Ablation techniques Medication therapy management RECIST

Gadoxetic acid magnetic-enhanced resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第29期26卷 4261-4271页

作者： Riccardo Inchingolo Cesare Maino Marco gatti Eleonora Tricarico Michele Nardella Luigi Grazioli SandroSironi davide Ippolito Riccardo Faletti Division of Interventional Radiology Department of RadiologyMadonna delle Grazie HospitalMatera 75100Italy Department of Diagnostic Radiology School of MedicineUniversity of Milano-BicoccaMonza 20900Italy Department of Surgical Sciences Radiology UnitUniversity of TurinTurin 10126Italy Department of Radiology Spedali CiviliUniversity of BresciaBrescia 25123Italy Department of radiology Papa Giovanni XXIII HospitalUniversity Milano-BicoccaBergamo 20110Italy

The use of liver magnetic resonance imaging is increasing thanks to itsmultiparametric sequences that allow a better tissue characterization, and the useof hepatobiliary contrast agents. This review aims to evaluate gadoxetic acidenhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and staging ofcholangiocarcinoma and its different clinical and radiological classificationsproposed in the literature. We also analyze the epidemiology, risk factors incorrelation with clinical findings and laboratory data.

关键词： Hepatobiliary contrast materials Gadoxetic acid Cholangiocarcinoma Magnetic resonance imaging Liver Cirrhosis

Benign focal liver lesions:The role of magnetic resonance imaging

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第5期14卷 923-943页

作者： Marco gatti Cesare Maino davide Tore Andrea Carisio Fatemeh Darvizeh Eleonora Tricarico Riccardo Inchingolo davide Ippolito Riccardo Faletti Department of Surgical Sciences University of TurinTurin 10126Italy Department of Diagnostic Radiology Ospedale San GerardoMonza 20900Italy School of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan 20121Japan Department of Radiology “F.Perinei”HospitalAltamura 70022Italy Interventional Radiology Unit “F.Miulli”Regional General HospitalAcquaviva delle Fonti 70021Italy Department of Diagnostic Radiology School of MedicineUniversity of Milano-BicoccaMonza 20900Italy

Liver lesions are common findings in radiologists’daily *** are a complex category of pathology that range from solitary benign lesions to primary liver cancer and liver *** focal liver lesions can arise from different liver cell types:Epithelial(hepatocytes and biliary cells)and nonepithelial(mesenchymal cells).Liver magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a fundamental radiological method in these patients as it allows with its multiparametric approach optimal non-invasive tissue ***,advanced liver MRI techniques such as diffusion-weighted imaging and hepatobiliary contrast agents have improved the detection of focal liver lesions and can be highly effective in differentiating pseudotumor from tumors,as well as benign from malignant lesions,and can also be used for differential *** histological examination can be useful in making a definitive diagnosis,MRI is an important modality in the diagnosis of liver lesions with a significant impact on patient *** aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of benign liver lesions on MRI.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Liver neoplasms Biliary tract Hepatocytes

Liver metastases:The role of magnetic resonance imaging

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世界胃肠病学杂志:英文版 2023年第36期29卷 5180-5197页

作者： Cesare Maino Federica Vernuccio Roberto Cannella Francesco Cortese Paolo NiccolòFranco Clara Gaetani Valentina Giannini Riccardo Inchingolo davide Ippolito Arianna Defeudis Giulia Pilato davide Tore Riccardo Faletti Marco gatti Department of Radiology Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei TintoriMonza 20900Italy University Hospital of Padova Institute of RadiologyPadova 35128Italy Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics(BiND)University of PalermoPalermo 90127Italy Unit of Interventional Radiology F Miulli HospitalAcquaviva delle Fonti 70021Italy Department of Surgical Sciences University of TurinTurin 10126Italy School of Medicine University of Milano BicoccaMilano 20100Italy

The liver is one of the organs most commonly involved in metastatic disease,especially due to its unique ***’s well known that liver metastases represent the most common hepatic malignant *** a practical point of view,it’s of utmost importance to evaluate the presence of liver metastases when staging oncologic patients,to select the best treatment possible,and finally to predict the overall *** the past few years,imaging techniques have gained a central role in identifying liver metastases,thanks to ultrasonography,contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT),and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).All these techniques,especially CT and MRI,can be considered the noninvasive reference standard techniques for the assessment of liver involvement by *** the other hand,the liver can be affected by different focal lesions,sometimes benign,and sometimes *** these bases,radiologists should face the differential diagnosis between benign and secondary lesions to correctly allocate patients to the best *** the above-mentioned principles,it’s extremely important to underline and refresh the broad spectrum of liver metastases features that can occur in everyday clinical *** review aims to summarize the most common imaging features of liver metastases,with a special focus on typical and atypical appearance,by using MRI.

关键词： Liver metastases Magnetic resonance imaging Gadolinium Gd-EOB-DTPA Gadoxetate disodium Liver specific contrast agents Hepatobiliary contrast agents

Liver involvement in patients with COVID-19 infection:A comprehensive overview of diagnostic imaging features

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第5期29卷 834-850页

作者： davide Ippolito Cesare Maino Federica Vernuccio Roberto Cannella Riccardo Inchingolo Michele Dezio Riccardo Faletti Pietro Andrea Bonaffini Marco gatti Sandro Sironi Milano Bicocca School of Medicine and Surgery Milano 20126Italy Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori Monza 20900Italy Institute of Radiology(DIMED) University Hospital of PadovaPadova 35128Italy Section of Radiology-Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics(BiND)University of PalermoPalermo 90127Italy Department of Health Promotion Mother and Child CareInternal Medicine and Medical Specialties(PROMISE)University of PalermoPalermo 90127Italy Division of Interventional Radiology Department of RadiologyMadonna delle Grazie HospitalMatera 75100Italy Department of Surgical Sciences University of TurinTurin 10126Italy Department of Diagnostic Radiology Papa Giovanni XXIII HospitalBergamo 24127Italy Department of Diagnostic Radiology University of TurinTurin 10126Italy

During the first wave of the pandemic,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection has been considered mainly as a pulmonary ***,different clinical and radiological manifestations were observed over time,including involvement of abdominal ***,the liver is considered one of the main affected abdominal *** involvement may be caused by either a direct damage by the virus or an indirect damage related to COVID-19 induced thrombosis or to the use of different *** clinical assessment,radiology plays a key role in the evaluation of liver ***(US),computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)may be used to evaluate liver *** is widely available and it is considered the first-line technique to assess liver involvement in COVID-19 infection,in particular liver steatosis and portal-vein *** and MRI are used as second-and third-line techniques,respectively,considering their higher sensitivity and specificity compared to US for assessment of both parenchyma and *** review aims to the spectrum of COVID-19 liver involvement and the most common imaging features of COVID-19 liver damage.

关键词： Liver Fatty liver Hepatomegaly Hepatic infarction Liver diseases Liver failure Biliary tract diseases COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Infection X-Ray computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Ultrasonography Adults Pediatrics

Role of gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma after locoregional treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第26期28卷 3116-3131页

作者： Marco gatti Cesare Maino Fatemeh Darvizeh Alessandro Serafini Eleonora Tricarico Alessia Guarneri Riccardo Inchingolo davide Ippolito Umberto Ricardi Paolo Fonio Riccardo Faletti Department of Surgical Sciences University of TurinTurin 10126Italy Department of Diagnostic Radiology University of Milano-BicoccaMonza 20900Italy Department of Diagnostic Radiology Ospedale San GerardoMonza 20900Italy School of Medicine Vita-Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilan 20121Italy Department of Radiology "F.Perinei"HospitalAltamura(BA)70022Italy Department of Oncology University of TurinTurin 10126Italy Interventional Radiology Unit “F.Miulli”Regional General HospitalAcquaviva delle Fonti(BA)70021Italy

Locoregional treatments,as alternatives to surgery,play a key role in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Liver magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)enables a multiparametric assessment,going beyond the traditional dynamic computed tomography ***,the use of hepatobiliary agents can improve diagnostic accuracy and are becoming important in the diagnosis and follow-up of ***,the main challenge is to quickly identify classical responses to loco-regional treatments in order to determine the most suitable management strategy for each *** aim of this review is to provide a summary of the most common and uncommon liver MRI findings in patients who underwent loco-regional treatments for HCC,with a special focus on ablative therapies(radiofrequency,microwaves and cryoablation),transarterial chemoembolization,trans-arterial radio-embolization and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy techniques,considering the usefulness of gadoxetate disodium(Gd-EOB-DTPA)contrast agent.

关键词： Carcinoma Hepatocellular Magnetic resonance imaging Gd-EOB-DTPA Radiofrequency ablation Catheter ablation Ablation techniques

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries patients: A review

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World Journal of Cardiology 2020年第6期12卷 248-261页

作者： Marco gatti Andrea Carisio Tommaso D’Angelo Fatemeh Darvizeh Serena Dell’Aversana davide Tore Maurizio Centonze Riccardo Faletti Faletti Riccardo Department of Surgical SciencesUniversity of TurinTurin 10126Italy Department of Biomedical Sciences and Morphological and Functional Imaging “G.Martino”University Hospital MessinaMessina 98100Italy Department of advanced biomedical sciences University of Naples Federico ⅡNaples 80138Italy Department of Diagnostic Imaging APSS di TrentoTrento 38123Italy

The diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries(MINOCA)necessitates documentation of an acute myocardial infarction(AMI),non-obstructive coronary arteries,using invasive coronary angiography or coronary computed tomography angiography and no clinically overt cause for *** patients with MINOCA represent a clinical dilemma with subsequent uncertain clinical *** diagnosis is crucial to choose the best therapeutic option for ischemic and non-ischemic MINOCA *** magnetic resonance(CMR)is able to analyze cardiac structure and function simultaneously and provides tissue ***,CMR could identify the cause of MINOCA in nearly two-third of patients providing valuable information for clinical decision ***,it allows stratification of patients with worse outcomes which resulted in therapeutic changes in almost half of the *** this review we discuss the features of CMR in MINOCA;from exam protocols to imaging findings.

关键词： Cardiovascular magnetic resonance Acute coronary syndrome unobstructed coronaries Acute myocardial infarction Acute myocarditis Takotsubo cardiomyopathy

Radiomics in colorectal cancer patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第19期29卷 2888-2904页

作者： Riccardo Inchingolo Cesare Maino Roberto Cannella Federica Vernuccio Francesco Cortese Michele Dezio Antonio Rosario Pisani Teresa Giandola Marco gatti Valentina Giannini davide Ippolito Riccardo Faletti Unit of Interventional Radiology F.Miulli HospitalAcquaviva delle Fonti 70021Italy Department of Radiology Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei TintoriMonza 20900Italy Department of Biomedicine Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics(BiND)University of PalermoPalermo 90127Italy Institute of Radiology University Hospital of PadovaPadova 35128Italy Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine Section of Nuclear MedicineUniversity of Bari“Aldo Moro”Bari 70121Italy Department of Surgical Sciences University of TurinTurin 10126Italy

The main therapeutic options for colorectal cancer are surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy in non-metastatic ***,the evaluation of the overall adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in patients with a high risk of recurrence is *** images can represent a source of data that can be analyzed by using automated computer-based techniques,working on numerical information coded within Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine files:This image numerical analysis has been named“radiomics”.Radiomics allows the extraction of quantitative features from radiological images,mainly invisible to the naked eye,that can be further analyzed by artificial intelligence *** is expanding in oncology to either understand tumor biology or for the development of imaging biomarkers for diagnosis,staging,and prognosis,prediction of treatment response and diseases monitoring and *** efforts have been made to develop radiomics signatures for colorectal cancer patient using computed tomography(CT)images with different aims:The preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis,detecting BRAF and RAS gene ***,the use of delta-radiomics allows the analysis of variations of the radiomics parameters extracted from CT scans performed at different *** published studies concerning radiomics and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)mainly focused on the response of advanced tumors that under-went neoadjuvant *** status is the main determinant of adjuvant ***,several radiomics model based on MRI,especially on T2-weighted images and ADC maps,for the preoperative prediction of nodes metastasis in rectal cancer has been *** studies mostly focused on the applications of radiomics in positron emission tomogra-phy/CT for the prediction of survival after curative surgical resection and assessment of response following neoadjuvant *** colorectal liver metastase

关键词： Colorectal cancer Radiomics Artificial intelligence Liver metastases Magnetic resonance imaging Computed tomography Positron emission tomography/computed tomography