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Fidel Castro

英语学习 1997年第4期 13-16页

作者： j.hughes

On 1 january,1997,Cuba’s Fidel Castro cele-brates 37 years in *** has survived inva-sion,the collapse of the Soviet Union,US punitivesanctions,and he has outlasted eight Americanpresidents.

关键词： Fidel Castro 卡斯特罗格瓦拉

Evaluation of fatty acid metabolism and innate immunity interactions between commercial broiler, F1 layer × broiler cross and commercial layer strains selected for different growth potentials

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 156-166页

作者： Nicky-Lee Willson Rebecca E.A.Forder Rick G.Tearle Greg S.Nattrass Robert j.hughes Philip I.Hynd School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences The University of Adelaide The Australian Poultry and Cooperative Research Centre University of New England Davies Research Centre School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesThe University of Adelaide South Australian Research and Development Institute(SARDI) Livestock and Farming Systems South Australian Research and Development Institute(SARDI) Pig and Poultry Production Institute

Background： The broiler industry has undergone intense genetic selection over the past 50 yr. resulting in improvements for growth and feed efficiency, however, significant variation remains for performance and growth traits. Production improvements have been coupled with unfavourable metabolic consequences, including immunological trade-offs for growth, and excess fat deposition. To determine whether interactions between fatty acid（FA） metabolism and innate immunity may be associated with performance variations commonly seen within commercial broiler flocks, total carcass lipid %, carcass and blood FA composition, as wel as genes involved with FA metabolism, immunity and cel ular stress were investigated in male birds of a broiler strain, layer strain and F1 layer × broiler cross at d 14 post hatch. Heterophil：lymphocyte ratios, relative organ weights and bodyweight data were also ***： Broiler bodyweight（n = 12） was four times that of layers（n = 12） by d 14 and had significantly higher carcass fat percentage compared to the cross（n = 6; P = 0.002） and layers（P = 0.017） which were not significantly different from each other（P = 0.523）. The carcass and whole blood FA analysis revealed differences in the FA composition between the three groups indicating altered FA metabolism, despite al being raised on the same diet. Genes associated with FA synthesis andβ-oxidation were upregulated in the broilers compared to the layers indicating a net overal increase in FA metabolism,which may be driven by the larger relative liver size as a percentage of bodyweight in the broilers. Genes involved in innate immunity such as TLR2 and TLR4, as wel as organel e stress indicators ERN1 and XBP1 were found to be nonsignificant, with the exception of high expression levels of XBP1 in layers compared to the cross and broilers. Additional y there was no difference in heterophil： lymphocytes between any of the ***： The results provide evidence that genetic selecti

关键词： Broiler Cel ular stress Fatty acid metabolism Innate immunity Layer Selection

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The application of digital holography for accurate three-dimensional localisation of mosquito-bednet interaction

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2022年第3期3卷 13-27页

作者： Matthew L Hall Katherine Gleave Angela hughes Philip j McCall Catherine E Towers david P Towers Optical Engineering Group School of EngineeringUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV47ALUK Vector Biology Department Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolL35QAUK

Understanding mosquito interaction with long-lasting insecticidal bednets is crucial in the development of more effective intervention methods to protect humans from malaria *** such,a 240×240×1000 mm laboratory setup for the in-line recording of digital holograms and subsequent in-focus reconstruction and 3D localisation of mosquitoes is *** bednet background removal methods are used to accurately localise a mosquito obscured by a bednet in 3D *** and physical data demonstrate that this method is suitable for mosquitoes positioned 3−1000 mm behind a bednet.A novel post-processing technique,involving a cascade-correlation of a Tamura of Intensity focus metric extracted from digitally reconstructed scenes,accurately localises mosquitoes positioned 35−100 mm behind a bednet from a single digital *** result of this study is a scalable digital holographic methodology to examine mosquito-bednet interaction in 3D at a level of accuracy previously only seen in 2D imaging of mosquitoes in a much smaller volume.

关键词： Digital Holography Metrology Entomology

Grass-Root Coaches Knowledge, Understanding, Attitude And Confidence to Deliver Injury Prevention Training in Youth Soccer: a Comparison of Coaches in Three EU Countries

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journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2020年第4期2卷 367-374页

作者： Mark De Ste Croix F.Ayala S.Hernandez Sanchez M.Lehnert j.hughes School of Sport and Exercise University of GloucestershireCheltenham GL502RHUK Department of Sport Sciences Sport Research CentreMiguel Hernandez University of ElcheElche 03202Spain Department of Pathology and Surgery Physiotherapy Area Miguel Hernandez University of ElcheElche 03202Spain Department of Sport and Physical Culture Palacky UniversityOlomouc 77200Czech Republic

Purpose It is well recognised that injury prevention training can reduce injury incidence,however current coach education pathways do not provide grass-root coaches with the knowledge and confidence to deliver such training to youth *** aim of this study was to explore differences in knowledge,understanding,attitude and confidence to deliver such injury prevention training in three European *** A total of 269 grass-root soccer coaches from 3 European countries(Czech Republic,UK,Spain)were recruited for this study.A validated questionnaire exploring knowledge,understanding,attitude towards and confidence to deliver youth injury prevention training was completed prior to a 2 h workshop on injury prevention *** between countries was examined using Bayesian factors to quantify the evidence for and against the hypothesis of independence(H0)by assuming a Poisson sampling scheme(as there was no a priori restriction on any cell count,nor on the grand total)(BF10 Poisson).Results Current knowledge,attitude and confidence to deliver injury prevention training to youth players was poor across all three European *** few coaches were currently using injury prevention training in their coaching sessions(23%).There were some country specific differences for attitude towards injury prevention training and confidence to deliver injury training,with Spanish coaches reporting a more positive attitude and confidence to deliver such *** fewer coaches in the UK were using injury prevention training compared to coaches in Spain and the Czech *** As coaches identified a need for coach education and few were delivering injury prevention training,there is a clear need to embed and implement this programme into the grassroots coaching framework of sports governing bodies to improve adoption,implementation and maintenance.

关键词： Youth Injury prevention training Coach education Movement competency

Ultrastructure of the gastro intestinal tract of healthy japanese quail(Coturnix japonica) using light and scanning electron microscopy

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Animal Nutrition 2018年第4期4卷 378-387页

作者： Ngare Wilkinson Ivan Dinev William j.Aspden Robert j.hughes Ingrid Christiansen james Chapman Sheeana Gangadoo Robert j.Moore Dragana Stanley Central Queensland University Institute for Future Farming Systems Poultry Cooperative Research Centre University of New England Armidale Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Trakia University South Australian Research and Development Institute Pig and Poultry Production Institute School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences University of Adelaide School of Science RMIT University Department of Microbiology Monash University

The japanese quail(Coturnix japonica) are popular both as an alternative protein source and as a model of choice for scientific research in several disciplines. There is limited published information on the histological features of the intestinal tract of japanese quail. The only comprehensive reference is a book published in 1969. This study aims to fill that niche by providing a reference of general histological features of the japanese quail, covering all the main sections of the intestinal tract. Both light and scanning electron microscope(SEM) images are presented. Results showed that the japanese quail intestinal tract is very similar to that of the chicken with the exception of the luminal koilin membrane of the gizzard. Scanning electron microscopic photomicrographs show that in the japanese quail koilin vertical rods are tightly packed together in a uniform manner making a carpet-like appearance. This differs in chicken where the conformations of vertical rods are arranged in clusters.

关键词： japanese quail Coturnix japonica Histology Microscopy Scanning electron microscopy Gastrointestinal tract

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Promising applications of D-amino acids in periprosthetic joint infection

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Bone Research 2023年第2期11卷 248-272页

作者： Matthew Caldwell Megan hughes Fei Wei Christopher Ngo Raven Pascua Abinaya Sindu Pugazhendhi Melanie j.Coathup Biionix Cluster&College of Medicine University of Central FloridaBlvdOrlandoFL32827USA School of Biosciences Cardiff UniversityCF103AT WalesUK Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences College of MedicineUniversity of Central Florida6900 Lake NonaBlvdOrlandoFL32827USA

Due to the rise in our aging population,a disproportionate demand for total joint arthroplasty(TjA)in the elderly is *** joint infection(PjI)represents one of the most challenging complications that can occur following TjA,and as the number of primary and revision TjAs continues to rise,an increasing PjI burden is *** advances in operating room sterility,antiseptic protocols,and surgical techniques,approaches to prevent and treat PjI remain difficult,primarily due to the formation of microbial *** difficulty motivates researchers to continue searching for an effective antimicrobial *** dextrorotatory-isoforms of amino acids(D-AAs)are essential components of peptidoglycan within the bacterial cell wall,providing strength and structural integrity in a diverse range of *** many tasks,D-AAs regulate cell morphology,spore germination,and bacterial survival,evasion,subversion,and adhesion in the host immune *** administered exogenously,accumulating data have demonstrated that D-AAs play a pivotal role against bacterial adhesion to abiotic surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation;furthermore,D-AAs have substantial efficacy in promoting biofilm *** presents D-AAs as promising and novel targets for future therapeutic *** their emerging antibacterial efficacy,their role in disrupting PjI biofilm formation,the disassembly of established TjA biofilm,and the host bone tissue response remains largely *** review aims to examine the role of D-AAs in the context of *** to date suggest that D-AA bioengineering may serve as a promising future strategy in the prevention and treatment of PjI.

关键词： prevention spite furthermore

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当心敏捷性的三大"坑"

Genetic Testing in Professional Football:Perspectives of Key Stakeholders

商业评论 2024年第5期 150-153页

作者：伯纳丁·戴克斯卡林·科列夫沃尔特·费里尔玛格丽特·休斯-摩根李君雪兰多大学马凯特大学工商管理学院肯塔基大学加顿商学院管理学系

面对近年来发生的一系列破坏性事件,例如新冠疫情、通货膨胀、俄乌冲突等,许多企业领导者都在努力快速提高企业的敏捷性水平.的确,快速适应环境变化的能力是抵御破坏的盾甲,也是治疗危机的良方.但组织的敏捷性并不是万试万灵.在追求敏...

面对近年来发生的一系列破坏性事件,例如新冠疫情、通货膨胀、俄乌冲突等,许多企业领导者都在努力快速提高企业的敏捷性水平.的确,快速适应环境变化的能力是抵御破坏的盾甲,也是治疗危机的良方.但组织的敏捷性并不是万试万灵.在追求敏捷性的过程中存在一些陷阱,可能会产生意想不到的后果.

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journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第1期4卷 49-59页

作者： Alexander B.T.McAuley david C.hughes Loukia G.Tsaprouni Ian Varley Bruce Suraci homas R.Roos Adam j.Herbert Adam L.Kelly Faculty of Health Education and Life SciencesBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Department of Sport Science Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK Academy Coaching Department AFC BournemouthBournemouthUK The International Academy of Sports Science and Technology(AISTS) University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Department of Life Sciences Birmingham City UniversityCity South CampusWestbourne RoadEdgbastonBirmingham B153TNUK

Purpose Genetic research in football is currently in it’s infancy but is growing ***,the practical application of genetic testing in football and the views concerning its use are ***,the purpose of this study was to assess the current practical application of genetic testing in professional football and provide an insight into the perspectives of key stakeholders(i.e.,coaches,practitioners,players).Methods In total,122 participants completed an online anonymous *** consisted of 21 multiple choice and Likert scale questions,with the option of providing an explanation for each *** Findings revealed genetic testing is rarely utilised by key stakeholders(10%)or their respective organisations(14%).However,three quarters(75%)had the opinion that genetic testing will have great utility in the *** majority(72%)believed genetic testing should be used for athlete development and injury risk,whilst 35%believed that genetic testing should be utilised for talent identification ***,most key stakeholders viewed their own(89%)and their col-leagues’(79%)knowledge related to genetic testing as insufficient;mainly due to ineffective current communication methods(91%).Most believed educational workshops are required(71%),whilst nearly all(91%)were interested in developing their expertise on the utility of genetic *** Genetic testing is rarely used within professional football,although key stakeholders anticipate that it will be utilised more in the *** such,educational support may prove valuable in improving key stakeholder knowledge and the practical application of genetic testing in professional football.

关键词： Soccer Talent identification Athlete development Genetics

A Systematic Review of the Genetic Predisposition to Injury in Football

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journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第2期5卷 97-115页

作者： Alexander B.T.McAuley david C.hughes Loukia G.Tsaprouni Ian Varley Bruce Suraci Thomas R.Roos Adam j.Herbert Daniel T.jackson Adam L.Kelly Faculty of Health Education and Life SciencesBirmingham City UniversityBirminghamWest MidlandsUK Department of Sport Science Nottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamUK Academy Coaching Department AFC BournemouthBournemouthUK The International Academy of Sports Science and Technology(AISTS) University of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland Department of Life Sciences Birmingham City UniversityCity South CampusWestbourne RoadEdgbaston B153TNUK

Purpose Synthesise genetic association studies investigating injury involving football players to identify which genetic variants have the most empirical evidence to *** A comprehensive search of the PubMed,SPORTDiscus,and MEDLINE databases until March 11th 2022 identi-fied 34 *** criteria:primary investigations,included football players,examined the association of a genetic variant with injury,and were published in *** of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.A narrative synthesis summarised *** There were 33 candidate gene studies and one genome-wide study,with 9642 participants across all studies(range=43–1311;median=227).Ninety-nine polymorphisms were assessed within 63 ***-one polymorphisms were associated with injury *** polymorphisms had their specific allelic associations with injury replicated twice in independent cohorts:ACTN3(rs1815739)XX genotype was associated with an increased susceptibility to non-contact muscle injuries,ACAN(rs1516797)G allele was associated with increased susceptibility to anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)injuries,and VEGFA(rs2010963)CC genotype was associated with an increased susceptibility to ACL and ligament or tendon ***,several methodological issues(e.g.,small sample sizes,cohort heterogeneity,and population stratification)are prevalent that limit the reliability and external validity of *** At present,the evidence base supporting the integration of genetic information as a prognostic or diagnosis tool for injury risk in football is *** participation of organisations in international consortia is suggested to combat the current methodological issues and subsequently improve clarity concerning the underlying genetic contribution to injury susceptibility.

关键词： Soccer Genomics Polymorphism Snp Susceptibility