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Does progesterone show neuroprotective effects on traumatic brain injury through increasing phosphorylation of Akt in the hippocampus?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第21期9卷 1891-1896页

作者： Richard Justin Garling Lora Talley Watts Shane Sprague Lauren fletcher david f.jimenez Murat Digicaylioglu Department of Neurosurgery University of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA Research Imaging Institute University of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA Department of Cellular and Structural Biology University of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA Department of Neurology University of Texas Health Science CenterSan AntonioTXUSA

There are currently no federally approved neuroprotective agents to treat traumatic brain injury. Progesterone, a hydrophobic steroid hormone, has been shown in recent studies to exhibit neu-roprotective effects in controlled cortical impact rat models. Akt is a protein kinase known to play a role in cell signaling pathways that reduce edema, inlfammation, apoptosis, and promote cell growth in the brain. This study aims to determine if progesterone modulates the phosphor-ylation of Aktvia its threonine 308 phosphorylation site. Phosphorylation at the threonine 308 site is one of several sites responsible for activating Akt and enabling the protein kinase to carry out its neuroprotective effects. To assess the effects of progesterone on Akt phosphorylation, C57BL/6 mice were treated with progesterone （8 mg/kg） at 1 （intraperitonally）, 6, 24, and 48 hours （subcutaneously） post closed-skull traumatic brain injury. The hippocampus was harvest-ed at 72 hours post injury and prepared for western blot analysis. Traumatic brain injury caused a signiifcant decrease in Akt phosphorylation compared to sham operation. However, mice treat-ed with progesterone following traumatic brain injury had an increase in phosphorylation of Akt compared to traumatic brain injury vehicle. Our ifndings suggest that progesterone is a viable treatment option for activating neuroprotective pathways after traumatic brain injury.

关键词： nerve regeneration Akt traumatic brain injury progesterone apoptosis neuroprotec-tion brain injury western blotting controlled cortical impact neural regeneration

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Making bridges between preclinical and clinical insights into age-related cognitive decline

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2321-2322页

作者： david VC Brito Clévio Nóbrega Algarve Biomedical Center-Research Institute(ABC-RI) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal Algarve Biomedical Center-(ABC) Campus GambelasFaroPortugal faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences(fMCB) University of AlgarveGambelas CampusFaroPortugal

With people living longer,the societal impact of age-related cognitive decline is becoming more pronounced(Crimmins,2015).Thus,it is increasingly important to comprehend the cognitive shifts linked to aging-whether th... 详细信息

关键词： bridges becoming insight

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Women in visual neural regeneration research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 489-490页

作者： Tonia S.Rex david J.Calkins Vanderbilt Eye Institute Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA

The year 2024 marks the 60^(th)anniversary of Title IX and 25 years since the New York Times revealed bias against female faculty members at the Massachusetts Institute of *** take an opportunity here to examine the state of gender bias in a relatively new yet already prominent field,neural regeneration in the visual system,for which there is a well-defined context useful for this *** National Eye Institute(NEI)provided the first round of research funding for its Audacious Goals Initiative(AGI)on visual neural regeneration in 2013 and the last round in ***,we focus on this *** sources included PubMed,the National Science foundation(NSf),the NEI,the Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research and data from the major professional organization for eye and vision research,the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology(ARVO).

关键词： neural visual Times

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Complement-dependent neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury:from pathology to therapeutic implications

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1324-1335页

作者： Hassan Saad Bachar El Baba Ali Tfaily firas Kobeissy Juanmarco Gutierrez Gonzalez Daniel Refai Gerald R.Rodts Christian Mustroph david Gimbel Jonathan Grossberg Daniel L.Barrow Matthew f.Gary Ali M.Alawieh Department of Neurosurgery Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurology Yale UniversityNew HavenCTUSA Center for Neurotrauma Multiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA

Spinal cord injury remains a major cause of disability in young adults,and beyond acute decompression and rehabilitation,there are no pharmacological treatments to limit the progression of injury and optimize recovery in this *** the thorough investigation of the complement system in triggering and propagating cerebral neuroinflammation,a similar role for complement in spinal neuroinflammation is a focus of ongoing *** this work,we survey the current literature investigating the role of complement in spinal cord injury including the sources of complement proteins,triggers of complement activation,and role of effector functions in the *** study relevant data demonstrating the different triggers of complement activation after spinal cord injury including direct binding to cellular debris,and or activation via antibody binding to damage-associated molecular *** effector functions of complement have been implicated in spinal cord injury,and we critically evaluate recent studies on the dual role of complement anaphylatoxins in spinal cord injury while emphasizing the lack of pathophysiological understanding of the role of opsonins in spinal cord *** this pathophysiological review,we systematically review the different translational approaches used in preclinical models of spinal cord injury and discuss the challenges for future translation into human *** review emphasizes the need for future studies to dissect the roles of different complement pathways in the pathology of spinal cord injury,to evaluate the phases of involvement of opsonins and anaphylatoxins,and to study the role of complement in white matter degeneration and regeneration using translational strategies to supplement genetic models.

关键词： complement neuroinflammation neuroplasticity regeneration spinal cord injury targeted therapy

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Animal models for studying hepatitis C and alcohol effects on liver

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第20期17卷 2515-2519页

作者： david f Mercer Department of Surgery Liver/Small Bowel Transplant Program University of Nebraska Medical Center 983285 Nebraska Medical Center

Chronic consumption of ethanol has a dramatic effect on the clinical outcome of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but the mechanism linking these two pathologies is unknown. Presently, in vitro systems are limited in their ability to study the interaction between a productive wild-type HCV infection and chronic ethanol exposure. Mouse models are potentially very useful in dissecting elements of the HCV-ethanol relationship. Experiments in mice that transgenically express HCV proteins are outlined, as are experiments for the generation of mice with chimeric human livers. The latter models appear to have the most promise for accurately modeling the effects of chronic ethanol intake in HCV-infected human livers.

关键词： Mouse models Hepatitis C Ethanol Transgenic mice

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Predictions of decreased surface roughness after shot peening using controlled media dimensions

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第23期58卷 120-129页

作者： Siavash Ghanbari david f.Bahr School of Materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA

Shot peening induces residual compressive stresses on metallic substrates, often used to decrease fatigue crack growth. The relationship between surface roughness and the magnitude of the stress can be affected by peening media size or the extent of peening. Generally, an ideal condition from shot peening would be a high compressive residual stress and a low surface roughness, but these tend to be inversely *** study proposes a method for decreasing roughness and increasing residual stress concurrently using a distribution of shot sizes in a single shot peening passage based on finite element modeling that has been calibrated using by experimental results. Numerical models predict mixed shot sizes will create a smoother surface than using monodispersed shot at 100 % coverage. The residual stress profile for mixed shot sizes showed a broad range of compressive residual stresses in comparison with the largest impact ball size. This newly proposed method can improve the surface quality and the extent of the compressive residual stresses in a single-shot peening passage.

关键词： Numerical analysis Shot peening Roughness

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The embryology of persistent cloaca and urogenital sinus malformations

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第2期22卷 124-128页

作者： david f M Thomas University of Leeds LeedsWest Yorkshire LS29JTUK

Cloacal malformations are characterized by the confluence of the lower urinary tract,the female reproductive tract,and the rectum to create a common channel with a single opening on the *** presence of a cloaca is a normal phase of early human embryological *** the 4^th and 7^th weeks of gestation,the cloaca undergoes subdivision to form the hindgut and urogenital *** of this process results in the congenital anomaly termed persistent cloaca(PC).The term urorectal septum malformation sequence(URSMS)is also used to describe this *** classic description of this process which is still cited in many standard textbooks dates from the 19th ***,this has been increasingly called into question by the findings of studies using modern scientific *** sinus anomalies are defined by the confluence of the urethra and vagina to form a common channel of varying length with a single perineal *** this condition,the anorectal canal opens separately on the *** presence of a urogenital sinus represents a transient phase of the normal development of the lower genital tract in the female ***,the form of urogenital sinus most commonly encountered in the developed world is a feature of disordered sexual differentiation and does not arise simply from the persistence of the anatomical structure which is a feature of normal fetal development.

关键词： cloaca embryology urogenital sinus

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Taxonomic and phylogenetic composition show biotic resistance to exotic invasion in acid seep springs

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 77-88页

作者： david f.Barfknecht david J.Gibson School of Biological Sciences Southern Illinois University–CarbondaleCarbondaleIL 62901-6509USA

Background:few studies have incorporated the evolutionary insights provided by analysis of phylogenetic structure along with community composition to assess the effects of exotic invasion on freshwater ***,we assess the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among acid seep springs to investigate the potential homogenization or resistance of communities due to invasion of an exotic ***:Multivariate community analyses indicated differences in community and phylogenetic composition and dispersion among acid seep springs,associated with gradients in soil moisture,canopy cover,and phylogenetic *** contrast,univariate analyses showed differences in taxonomic diversity but not phylogenetic diversity among acid seep ***:Despite exotic invasion,individual acid seep springs remained taxonomically and phylogenetically distinct from each *** and phylogenetic diversity metrics revealed different aspects of composition,reinforcing the importance of including both in analyses of plant communities for understanding community assembly following exotic invasion and for management *** acid seep springs,taxonomic and phylogenetic composition appear to be driven more through environmental filtering by light and moisture than by the competitive effects following invasion of an exotic grass in support of Elton’s biotic resistance hypothesis.

关键词： Acid seep springs Diversity Community Phylogenetics Exotic invasion Environmental filtering NMDS Unifrac Vector analysis

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Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第2期53卷 273-285页

作者： SPENCER david f Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Dalhousie University

Salvia miltiorrhiza *** a well-known traditional Chinese *** roots have been formulated and used clinically for the treatment of various ***,little genetic information has so far been available and this fact has become a major obstacle for molecular *** address this lack of genetic information,an Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) library from whole plantlets of *** was *** the 12959 cDNA clones that were randomly selected and subjected to single-pass sequencing from their 5′ ends,10288 ESTs (with sizes≥100 bp) were selected and assembled into 1288 contigs,leaving 2937 singletons,for a total of 4225 *** were analyzed using BLASTX (against protein databases),RPS-BLAST (against a conserved domain database) as well as the web-based KEGG Automatic Annotation Server for metabolic enzyme *** on the metabolic enzyme assignment,expression patterns of 14 secondary metabolic enzyme genes in different organs and under different treatments were verified using real-time PCR ***,a total of 122 microsatellites were identified from the ESTs,with 89 having sufficient flanking sequences for primer *** set of ESTs represents a significant proportion of the *** transcriptome,and gives preliminary insights into the gene complement of *** will prove useful for uncovering secondary metabolic pathways,analyzing cDNA-array based gene expression,genetic manipulation to improve yield of desirable secondary products,and molecular marker identification.

关键词： expressed sequence tags Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. gene identification microsatellite

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Impact of Varying Light and Dew on Ground Cover Estimates from Active NDVI,RGB,and LiDAR

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Plant Phenomics 2021年第1期3卷 263-276页

作者： david M.Deery david J.Smith Robert Davy Jose A.jimenez-Berni Greg J.Rebetzke Richard A.James CSIRO Agriculture and food CanberraACTAustralia CSIRO Agriculture and food YancoNSWAustralia CSIRO Information Management and Technology CanberraACTAustralia Instituto Agricultura Sostenible Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientificasCordobaSpain

Canopy ground cover(GC)is an important agronomic measure for evaluating crop establishment and early *** study evaluates the reliability of GC estimates,in the presence of varying light and dew on leaves,from three different ground-based sensors:(1)normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)from the commercially available GreenSeeker®;(2)RGB images from a digital camera,where GC was determined as the portion of pixels from each image meeting a greenness criterion(i.e.,ðGreen−RedÞ/ðGreen+RedÞ>0);and(3)LiDAR using two separate approaches:(a)GC from LiDAR red reflectance(whereby red reflectance less than five was classified as vegetation)and(b)GC from LiDAR height(whereby height greater than 10 cm was classified as vegetation).Hourly measurements were made early in the season at two different growth stages(tillering and stem elongation),among wheat genotypes highly diverse for canopy *** active NDVI showed the least variation through time and was particularly stable,regardless of the available light or the presence of *** addition,between-sample-time Pearson correlations for NDVI were consistently high and significant(Pfrom 0.89 to *** comparison,GC from LiDAR and RGB showed greater variation across sampling times,and LiDAR red reflectance was strongly influenced by the presence of *** times when the light was exceedingly low,correlations between GC from RGB and NDVI were consistently high(ranging from 0.79 to 0.92).The high reliability of the active NDVI sensor potentially affords a high degree of flexibility for users by enabling sampling across a broad range of acceptable light conditions.

关键词： LiDAR reflectance Impact

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