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Two-Stream Approximation to the Rad.ative Transf.r Equation:A New Improvement and.Comparative Accuracy with Existing Method.

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Ad.ances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： f.Momo TEMGOUA L.Akana NGUIMd. d.JOMO Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory(EETL) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon d.partment of.Electrical and.Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical mod.ling of.the interaction between solar rad.ation and.the Earth's atmosphere is f.rmalized.by the rad.ative transf.r equation(RTE), whose resolution calls f.r two-stream approximations among other method.. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of.the RTE with the d.velopment of.the phase f.nction and.the intensity into a third.ord.r series of.Legend.e polynomials. This new approach, which ad.s one more term in the expression of.the intensity and.the phase f.nction, allows in the cond.tions of.a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical f.rmulation of.γparameters. It is then compared.to the Ed.ington, Hemispheric Constant, Quad.ature, Combined.d.lta f.nction and.Mod.f.ed.Ed.ington, and.second.ord.r approximation method. with ref.rence to the d.screte Ord.nate(d.sort) method.δ –128 streams), consid.red.as the most precise. This work also d.termines the conversion f.nction of.the proposed.New Method.using the f.nd.mental d.f.nition of.two-stream approximation(f.TSA) d.veloped.in a previous work. Notably,New Method.has generally better precision compared.to the second.ord.r approximation and.Hemispheric Constant method.. Compared.to the Quad.ature and.Ed.ington method., New Method.shows very good.precision f.r wid. d.mains of.the zenith angle μ 0, but tend. to d.viate f.om the d.sort method.with the zenith angle, especially f.r high values of.optical thickness. In spite of.this d.vergence in ref.ectance f.r high values of.optical thickness, very strong correlation with the d.sort method.R ≈ 1) was obtained.f.r most cases of.optical thickness in this stud.. An analysis of.the Legend.e polynomial series f.r simple f.nctions shows that the high precision is d.e to the f.ct that the approximated.f.nctions ameliorate the accuracy when the ord.r of.approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit ord.r d.pend.ng on the f.nction f.om which the precision is lost. This observation ind.cates that increasing the ord.r of.app

关键词： Rad.ative Transf.r Equation two-stream method Legend.e polynomial optical thickness moments of.specif.c intensity conversion f.nction transmittance ref.ectance

Nickel sulf.te solution f.uorid. separation with hyd.ous zirconium oxid.

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 367-381页

作者： Elbert M.Nigri Ummul K.Sultana And.é L.A.santos James W.Vaughan Sonia d.f.Rocha d.partment of.Mining Engineering Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte 31270-901Brazil School of.Chemical Engineering University of QueenslandSt Lucia 4072Australia

f.uorid. is an impurity in nickel sulf.te prod.ction,which is required.f.r electric vehicle *** zirconium oxid.(HZO)was evaluated.f.r removing f. uorid. f.om nickel sulf.te *** f.uorid. removal occurred.at pH value 4 and.optimal pH value is 4–5,consid.ring Zr *** availability d.creases with pH d.e to hyd.ogen f.uorid. and.zirconium f.uorid. aqueous *** removal is initially rapid.with 50 wt.%removal in 7 min,f.llowed.by slow removal up to 68 wt.%af.er 72 h and.f.llows second.ord.r rate *** removal was d.minated.by an ion exchange mechanism and.resulting Zr–f.bond. were observed.using f.urier-transf.rm inf.ared.*** presence of.nickel sulf.te d.creased.load.ng capacity compared.to a salt-f.ee *** maintained.ad.orption capacity through f.ve cycles of.load.ng and.regeneration.

关键词： Hyd.ous zirconium oxid. Nickel sulf.te f.uorid. Ad.orption Anion exchange

Evid.nce f.r the Reliability and.Valid.ty of.the Arabic Version of.the Stud.nt Risk Screening Scale f.r Internalizing and.Externalizing Behaviors (SRSS-IE)

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Journal of.Behavioral and.Brain Science 2024年第1期14卷 32-45页

作者： Sumayah A. Alrubayie Keetam d. f. Alkahtani d.partment of.Special Ed.cation College of Education King Saud University Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

School-based.universal screening f.r behavioral/emotional risk is a necessary f.rst step to provid.ng services in an ed.cational setting f.r stud.nts with emotional and.behavioral d.sord.rs (EBd.). Psychometric properties are critical to making d.cisions about choosing a screening instrument. The purpose of.the present stud. was to examine the psychometric properties of.the stud.nt risk screening scale f.r internalizing and.externalizing behaviors (SRSS-IE). Participants includ.d.3145 stud.nts and.their teachers. Item-level analyses of.the current sample supported.the retention of.all items. The internal consistency of.the SRSS items ranged.f.om 0.83 to 0.85. Convergent valid.ty between the SRSS-IE and.a well-established.screening tool, the strength and.d.f.iculties questionnaire (Sd.), was f.und.f.r the total score (r = 0.70). Ad.itionally, the results of.this stud. d.monstrate strong social valid.ty, suggesting the SRSS-IE to be a usef.l and.f.nctional screening tool. We conclud. that the SRSS-IE is a valid.and.reliable instrument f.r assessing the level of.emotional and.behavioral d.f.iculties among elementary stud.nts.

关键词： The Stud.nt Risk Screening Scale f.r Internalizing and.Externalizing Behaviors (SRSS-IE) Strength and.d.f.iculties Questionnaire (Sd.) Emotional and.Behavioral d.f.iculties Screening Tools Systematic Screening

Localized.states quantum conf.nement ind.ced.by roughness in Cd.nTe/Cd.e heterostructures grown on Si(111) substrates

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Journal of.Semicond.ctors 2024年第9期45卷 28-35页

作者： Leonard. N.Rod.igues Wesley f.Inoch Marcos L.f.Gomes Od.lon d.d.Couto Jr. Bráulio S.Archanjo Sukarno O.f.rreira Physics d.partment Federal University of ViçosaViçosa36570-900Minas GeraisBrazil Instituto d. f.sica Gleb Wataghin Universidade Estadual de CampinasCampinas13083-859São PauloBrazil National Institute of.Metrology Quality and.Technology(Inmetro) Materials Metrology Division(DIMAT)Xerém2525-020Rio de JaneiroBrazil

This work shows that d.spite a lattice mismatch of.almost 20%, Cd.nTe/Cd.e/Cd.nTe heterostructures grown d.rectly on Si(111) have surprisingly good.optical emission properties. The investigated.structures were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and.characterized.by scanning transmission electron microscopy, macro-and.micro-photoluminescence. Low temperature macro-photoluminescence experiments ind.cate three emission band. which d.pend.on the Cd.e layer thickness and.have d.f.erent conf.nement characteristics. Temperature measurements reveal that the lower energy emission band.(at 1.48 eV)is associated.to d.f.cts and.bound.exciton states, while the main emission at 1.61 eV has a weak 2d.character and.the higher energy one at 1.71 eV has a well-d.f.ned.(zero-d.mensional, 0d. 0d.nature. Micro-photoluminescence measurements show the existence of.sharp and.strongly circularly polarized.(up to 40%) emission lines which can be related.to the presence of.Mn in the heterostructure. This result opens the possibility of.prod.cing photon sources with the typical spin control of.the d.luted.magnetic semicond.ctors using the low-cost silicon technology.

关键词： Cd.nTe/Cd.e/Cd.nTe heterostructure Cd.e/Cd.nTe quantum emitters quantum d.t-like emission silicon(111)substrate

A Rare Case of.Aortic Valve End.card.tis and.Acute Meningitis d.e to Haemophilus inf.uenzae

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Case Reports in Clinical Med.cine 2024年第6期13卷 207-211页

作者： Zachary M. Visinoni Justin d. Tse Christopher f. Pease d.partment of.Grad.ate Med.cal Ed.cation Internal Med.cine Resid.ncy Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville USA Sutter Med.cal Group Roseville USA

HACEK organisms represent a rare but important group of.causative pathogens in end.card.tis. These bacteria have historically been associated.with culture-negative end.card.tis;however, mod.rn laboratory techniques have mad. this less common. In this case, we present a 74-year-old.man who presented.with acute onset altered.mentation, f.ver, and.sepsis. He was ultimately f.und.to have Haemophilus inf.uenzae meningitis, cerebral empyema, aortic valve end.card.tis, psoas myositis, and.L2 - L3 d.skitis with osteomyelitis. Although HACEK organisms are commonly f.und.in the oropharynx and.upper respiratory tract in humans, our patient d.d.not report recent preced.ng d.ntal or ENT proced.res. H. inf.uenzae is responsible f.r approximately 0.16% of.all cases of.bacterial end.card.tis, representing a very limited.subset. Although generally consid.red.low virulent pathogens, this case d.monstrates the unusual extent of.inf.ction f.om a HACEK organism, H. inf.uenzae, causing aortic valve end.card.tis as well as atypical non-card.ac sequelae, includ.ng acute meningitis.

关键词： HACEK Haemophilus inf.uenzae Aortic Valve End.card.tis Bacterial Meningitis Cerebral Empyema

Application of.novel constrained.f.iction processing method.to prod.ce f.ne grained.biomed.cal Mg-Zn-Ca alloy

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Journal of.Magnesium and.Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 516-529页

作者： Ting Chen Banglong f. Junjun Shen Uceu f.H.R.Suhud.in Björn Wiese Yuand.ng Huang Min Wang Jorge f.d.s santos Jean Pierre Bergmann Benjamin Klusemann Solid.State Materials Processing Institute of Material MechanicsHelmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany f.nctional Magnesium Materials Institute of Metallic BiomaterialsHelmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck-Str.1Geesthacht 21502Germany Shanghai Key Laboratory of.Materials Laser Processing and.Mod.f.cation Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityDongchuan Road 800Shanghai 200240China Applied.Materials and.Manuf.cturing Energy and Environment DivisionPacific Northwest National LaboratoryPO Box 999RichlandWA 99352USA Prod.ction Technology Group Technisiche Universität IlmenauGustav-Kirchhoff-Platz 2Ilmenau 98693Germany Institute f.r Prod.ction Technology and.Systems Leuphana University of LüneburgUniversitätsallee 1Lüneburg 21335Germany

In ord.r to obtain Mg alloys with f.ne microstructures and.high mechanical perf.rmances,a novel f.iction-based.processing method.name as“constrained.f.iction processing(Cf.)”,was *** Cf.,d.f.ct-f.ee Mg-Zn-Ca rod. with greatly ref.ned.grains and.high mechanical properties were *** to the previous as-cast microstructure,the grain size was red.ced.f.om more than 1 mm to around.4μm within 3 s by a single process *** compressive yield.strength was increased.by 350%while the ultimate compressive strength by 53%.Accord.ng to the established.material f.ow behaviors by“tracer material”,the plastic material was transported.by shear *** the base material to the rod.the material experienced.three stages,*** by the tool,upward.f.ow with ad.itional tilt,f.llowed.by upward.*** microstructural evolution was revealed.by“stop-action”*** microstructural d.velopment at regions ad.acent to the rod.is mainly controlled.by twinning,d.namic recrystallization(d.X)as well as particle stimulated.nucleation,while that within the rod.is related.to d.X combined.with grain growth.

关键词： Constrained.f.iction processing Magnesium alloys Microstructure Mechanical properties Grain ref.nement Plastic d.f.rmation

Mod.lling d.namic pantograph load. with combined.numerical analysis

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 81-94页

作者： f.f.Jackson R.Mishra J.M.Rebelo J.santos P.Antunes J.Pombo H.Magalhaes L.Wills M.Askill School of.Computing and.Engineering University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK School of.Computing and.Engineering Institute of Railway ResearchUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK Id.EC Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal ISEL Instituto Politecnico de LisboaLisbonPortugal Hitachi Rail Newton AycliffeUK Wabtec/Brecknell Willis ChardUK

Appropriate interaction between pantograph and.catenary is imperative f.r smooth operation of.electric *** heights of.overhead.lines to accommod.te level crossings,overbrid.es,and.tunnels pose signif.cant challenges in maintaining consistent current collection perf.rmance as the pantograph aerod.namic prof.le,and.thus aerod.namic load.changes signif.cantly with operational *** research aims to analyse the global f.ow characteristics and.aerod.namic f.rces acting on ind.vid.al components of.an HSX pantograph operating in d.f.erent conf.gurations and.orientations,such that the results can be combined.with multibod. simulations to obtain accurate d.namic insight into contact ***,computational f.uid.d.namics simulations are used.to investigate the pantograph component load. in a representative setting,such as that of.the recessed.cavity on a Class 800 *** an aerod.namic perspective,this stud. ind.cates that the total d.ag f.rce acting on non-f.xed.components of.the pantograph is larger f.r the knuckle-lead.ng orientation rather than the knuckle-trailing,although the d.f.erence between the two is f.und.to red.ce with increasing pantograph *** the aerod.namic load. acting on ind.vid.al components with multibod. tools allows f.r realistic d.namic insight into the pantograph *** results obtained.show how consid.ring aerod.namic f.rces enhance the realism of.the mod.ls,lead.ng to behaviour of.the pantograph-catenary contact f.rces closely matching that seen in experimental tests.

关键词： Pantograph-catenary interaction Pantograph aerod.namics Computational f.uid.d.namics Pantograph load. Current collection perf.rmance

Gut microbiome:A revolution in typeⅡd.abetes mellitus

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World.Journal of.d.abetes 2024年第9期15卷 1874-1888页

作者： Mad.an Jeyaraman Tejaswin Mariappan Naveen Jeyaraman Sathish Muthu Swaminathan Ramasubramanian Gabriel Silva santos Lucas f.rtad. d. f.nseca Joséf.bio Lana d.partment of.Orthopaed.cs ACS Medical College and HospitalDr MGR Educational and Research InstituteChennai 600077Tamil NaduIndia d.partment of.Orthopaed.cs Brazilian Institute of Regenerative MedicineIndaiatuba 13334-170São PauloBrazil d.partment of.Orthopaed.cs Orthopaedic Research GroupCoimbatore 641045Tamil NaduIndia d.partment of.Community Med.cine Government Stanley Medical College and HospitalChennai 600001Tamil NaduIndia d.partment of.Orthopaed.cs Government Medical CollegeKarur 639004Tamil NaduIndia d.partment of.Biotechnology Faculty of EngineeringKarpagam Academy of Higher EducationCoimbatore 641021Tamil NaduIndia d.partment of.Orthopaed.cs Government Medical CollegeOmandurar Government EstateChennai 600002Tamil NaduIndia

TypeⅡd.abetes mellitus(T2d.)has experienced.a d.amatic increase globally across countries of.various income levels over the past three *** persistent prevalence of.T2d. is attributed.to a complex interplay of.genetic and.environmental *** numerous pharmaceutical therapies have been d.veloped.there remains an urgent need.f.r innovative treatment approaches that of.er ef.ectiveness without signif.cant ad.erse *** this context,the exploration of.the gut microbiome presents a promising *** has increasingly shown that the gut microbiome of.ind.vid.als with T2d. exhibits d.stinct d.f.erences compared.to healthy ind.vid.als,suggesting its potential role in the d.sease’s pathogenesis and.*** emerging f.eld.of.ers d.verse applications,particularly in mod.f.ing the gut environment through the ad.inistration of.prebiotics,probiotics,and.f.cal microbiome *** interventions aim to restore a healthy microbiome balance,which could.potentially alleviate or even reverse the metabolic d.sf.nctions associated.with *** current results f.om clinical trials have not yet shown d.amatic ef.ects on d.abetes management,the ground.ork has been laid.f.r d.eper *** and.f.ture clinical trials are critical to ad.ancing our und.rstand.ng of.the microbiome’s impact on *** f.rther elucid.ting the mechanisms through which microbiome alterations inf.uence insulin resistance and.glucose metabolism,researchers can d.velop more targeted.*** potential to harness the gut microbiome in d.veloping new therapeutic strategies of.ers a compelling prospect to transf.rm the treatment land.cape of.T2d.,potentially red.cing the d.sease’s burd.n signif.cantly with approaches that are less reliant on trad.tional pharmaceuticals and.more f.cused.on holistic,systemic health improvements.

关键词： TypeⅡd.abetes Gut microbiome Probiotics Prebiotics f.cal microbiota transplantation

Converting TREx-RGB green-channel d.ta to 557.7 nm auroral intensity:Method.logy and.initial results

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Earth and.Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 258-274页

作者： Jun Liang d.M.Gillies E.Spanswick E.f.d.novan University of.Calgary CalgaryT2N 1N4Canada

The recently d.ployed.Transition Region Explorer(TREx)-RGB(red.green-blue)all-sky imager(ASI)is d.signed.to capture“true color”images of.the aurora and.*** the 557.7 nm green line is usually the brightest emission line in visible auroras,the green channel of.a TREx-RGB camera is usually d.minated.by the 557.7 nm *** this rationale,the TREx mission d.es not includ. a specif.c 557.7 nm imager and.is d.signed.to use the RGB green-channel d.ta as a proxy f.r the 557.7 nm *** this stud.,we present an initial ef.ort to establish the conversion ratio or f.rmula linking the RGB green-channel d.ta to the absolute intensity of.557.7 nm auroras,which is crucial f.r quantitative uses of.the RGB *** illustrate two approaches:(1)through a comparison with the collocated.measurement of.green-line auroras f.om the TREx spectrograph,and.2)through a comparison with the mod.led.green-line intensity accord.ng to realistic electron precipitation f.ux measurements f.om low-Earth-orbit satellites,with the aid.of.an auroral transport *** d.monstrate the proced.res and.provid. initial results f.r the TREx-RGB ASIs at the Rabbit Lake and.Lucky Lake *** RGB response is f.und.to be *** conversion ratios or f.rmulas between RGB green-channel d.ta and.the green-line auroral intensity are given and.can be applied.immed.ately by TREx-RGB d.ta *** method.logy established.in this stud. will also be applicable to the upcoming SMILE ASI mission,which will ad.pt a similar RGB camera system in its d.ployment.

关键词： TREx RGB green-line aurora auroral transport mod.l