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Role of gut-liver axis and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第23期30卷 2964-2980页

作者： Jakub Rochoń Piotr Kalinowski Ksenia Szymanek-Majchrzak Michałgrąt Department of General Transplant and Liver SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland Department of Medical Microbiology Medical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-004Poland

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic *** is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and shows increasing prevalence rates in most *** is a progressive disease with the most severe cases presenting as advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis with an increased risk of hepatocellular *** microbiota play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of MAFLD by disrupting the gut-liver *** mechanisms involved in maintaining gut-liver axis homeostasis are *** critical aspect involves preserving an appropriate intestinal barrier permeability and levels of intestinal lumen metabolites to ensure gutliver axis *** increase in intestinal barrier permeability induces metabolic endotoxemia that leads to ***,alterations in the absorption of various metabolites can affect liver metabolism and induce liver steatosis and ***-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)are a class of drugs developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes *** are also commonly used to combat obesity and have been proven to be effective in reversing hepatic *** mechanisms reported to be involved in this effect include an improved regulation of glycemia,reduced lipid synthesis,β-oxidation of free fatty acids,and induction of autophagy in hepatic ***,multiple peptide receptor agonists have been introduced and are expected to increase the effectiveness of the treatment.A modulation of gut microbiota has also been observed with the use of these drugs that may contribute to the amelioration of *** review presents the current understanding of the role of the gutliver axis in the development of MAFLD and use of members of the GLP-1 RA family as pleiotropic agents in the treatment of MAFLD.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Metabolic syndrome Obesity Gastrointestinal microbiota Glucagon-like peptide-1 Glucagon-like peptide-2 Bariatric surgery

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Understanding Behavioral Manifestations of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in People with Intellectual Disabilities—A Qualitative Study

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 67-90页

作者： Lena grüter Matthias grünke Department of Rehabilitation and Special Education University of Cologne Cologne Germany

Background: There is limited knowledge about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). This paper describes the manifestation of compulsive behaviors associated with OCD at the behavioral level in people with ID in institutionalized settings. The aim was to gain nuanced insight into appropriate understanding and classification in this specific context, and derive implications for research and practice. Methods: Individual cases of people with ID (n = 7) were studied to assess compulsive symptoms through two days of on-site observation of the person with ID within the institution, guided group discussions (n = 28), and semi-structured interviews with key informants and caregivers of the person with ID (n = 20). Caregiver ratings of the compulsive behavior checklist were compiled. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: All forms of OCD were present. Characteristics of compulsive behaviors in people with ID at the behavioral level included less complex and more obvious compulsive acts, immediate responses, signs of tension, motor restlessness, facial expression changes, repetition, need for predictability, time-consuming behaviors, and aggressive reactions when these acts were interrupted. Some of the compulsive behaviors corresponded to the ICD-11 OCD code 6B20, and others to compulsions as a psychological symptom (MB23.4). Conclusions: OCD may manifest atypically at the behavioral level in people with ID, posing significant challenges for accurate classification due to symptom ambiguity. Follow-up differential diagnostic studies are needed to more accurately identify and differentiate OCD symptoms in people with ID. Further, disorder-specific guidelines for recognizing OCD in people with ID are needed for institutionalized settings without psychiatric-psychotherapeutic expertise.

关键词： People with Intellectual Disabilities Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Compulsive Behavior Diagnostics Differential Diagnosis

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Design and implementation of the monochromator shielding for the cold neutron spectrometers XINGZHI and BOYA

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 96-102页

作者：汪晋辰刘娟娟徐大业 Florian grünauer 郝丽杰刘蕴韬张红霞程鹏鲍威 Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and MicroNano Devices Department of PhysicsRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Physics Consulting Zorneding 85604Germany China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China Department of Physics City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077China Center for Neutron Scattering City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077China

An innovative monochromator shielding is designed and implemented for the cold neutron spectrometers XINGZHI and BOYA operated by Renmin University of China at China Advanced Research *** Monte Carlo simulations and careful mechanical designs,a shielding configuration has been successfully developed to satisfy safety requirements of below 3μSv/h dose rate at its exterior,meanwhile fulfilling space,floor load and nonmagnetic *** materials are utilized to form the sandwich-type shielding walls:the inner layer of boron carbide rubber,the middle layer of steel-encased lead and the outer layer of borated ***-shaped liftable shielding blocks are incorporated to facilitate a continuous adjustment of the neutron energy while preventing radiation *** work has demonstrated that by utilizing composite shielding materials,along with the sandwich structure and liftable shielding blocks,a compact and lightweight shielding solution can be *** enables the realization of advanced neutron scattering instruments that provide expanded space of measurement,larger energy and momentum coverage,and higher flux on the *** shielding represents the first of its kind in neutron scattering instruments in *** its successful operation,it has been subsequently employed by other neutron instruments across the country.

关键词： neutron scattering cold neutron spectrometer monochromator shielding sandwich shielding structure

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Split-Tetraquaternion Algebra and Applications

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第7期12卷 2682-2690页

作者： grégoire Lutanda Panga Department of Mathematics and Informatic University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi The Democratic Republic of the Congo

In this paper, from the spacetime algebra associated with the Minkowski space ℝ3,1by means of a change of signature, we describe a quaternionic representation of the split-tetraquaternion algebra which incorporates the Pauli algebra, the split-biquaternion algebra and the split-quaternion algebra, we relate these algebras to Clifford algebras and we show the emergence of the stabilized Poincaré-Heisenberg algebra from the split-tetraquaternion algebra. We list without going into details some of their applications in Physics and in Born geometry.

关键词： Tetraquaternion Algebra Split-Tetraquaternion Algebra Split Quaternion Algebra Clifford Algebra

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Nucleoside modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticles as a new delivery platform for the repair of the injured spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2311-2312页

作者： Krisztián Pajer Tamás Bellák Antal Nógrádi Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyAlbert Szent-Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary

Spinal cord injury and treatment opportunities:The adult mammalian spinal cord has a very limited capacity for spontaneous regeneration due to various intrinsic molecular and cellular *** the spinal cord neurons have the capacity to regenerate their axons,the expression of growth inhibitory factors,lack or suppression of proper guidance cues,and profound inflammatory responses do not permit successful regeneration(Khyeam et al.,2021).

关键词： injured capacity modified

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Subpopulations of regulatory T cells are associated with subclinical atherosclerotic plaques,levels of LDL,and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 288-296,I0002页

作者： Tim Böttrich Pascal Bauer Vincent gröβer Magdalena Huber Hartmann Raifer Torsten Frech Svenja Nolte Theresa Dombrowski Franz Cemic Natascha Sommer Robert Ringseis Klaus Eder Karsten Krüger Christopher Weyh Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy Institute of Sports ScienceJustus-Liebig-UniversityGiessen 35394Germany Department of Cardiology and Angiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenGiessen 35392Germany Institute for Systems Immunology Center for Tumor und ImmunologyMarburg 35032Germany TH Mittelhessen Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Applied Sciences GiessenGiessen 35390Germany Department of Internal Medicine Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center(UGMLC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL)Giessen 35394Germany Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute(CPI) Justus-Liebig UniversityGiessen 35394Germany Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenGiessen 35390Germany

Background:Atherosclerosis forms the pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular *** pathological processes initially develop without clinically relevant symptoms,the identification of early markers in the subclinical stage plays an important role for initiating early *** is evidence that regulatory T cells(Tregs)are involved in the development of ***,the present study aimed to identify and investigate associations with Tregs and their subsets in a cohort of healthy elderly individuals with and without subclinical atherosclerotic plaques(SAP).In addition,various lifestyle and risk factors,such as cardiorespiratory fitness,were investigated as associated ***:A cross-sectional study was performed in 79 participants(male:n=50;age=63.6±3.7 years;body mass index=24.9±3.1 kg/m2;mean±SD)who had no previous diagnosis of chronic disease and were not taking *** of the carotids to identify SAP,cardiovascular function measurement for vascular assessment and a cardiorespiratory fitness test to determine peak oxygen uptake were ***,tests were conducted to assess blood lipids and determine glucose *** of Tregs and their subtypes(resting(rTregs)and effector/memory(mTregs))was performed by 8-chanel flow *** were categorized according to atherosclerotic plaque *** and logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between ***:SAP was detected in a total of 29 *** participants with plaque were older(64.8±3.6 years vs.62.9±3.5 years)and had higher peripheral systolic blood pressure(133.8±14.7 mmHg vs.125.8±10.9 mmHg).The participants with SAP were characterized by a lower percentage of rTregs(28.8%±10.7%vs.34.6%±10.7%)and a higher percentage of mTregs(40.3%±14.7%vs.30.0%±11.9%).Multiple logistic regression identified age(odds ratio(OR)=1.20(95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.011.42))and

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Elderly Regulatory T cells Subclinical atherosclerosis

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Key factors to prioritize when preparing for the Olympic Games

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 719-721页

作者： George P.Nassis gregoire P.Millet Department of Physical Education College of EducationUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain 15551United Arab Emirates Institute of Sport Sciences University of LausanneLausanne 1015Switzerland

We need more research that will fulfill the needs of athletes and *** is a common statement,highly relevant nowadays only a few weeks before the commencement of the Paris 2024 Olympic *** fill this gap,we have identified 6 topics that we feel coaches and athletes would be interested in learning more to optimize their preparation for the *** topics are.

关键词： preparing statement interested

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美国重症肌无力基金会关于重症肌无力临床试验的建议

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中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志 2013年第1期20卷 74-74页

作者： Benatar M Sanders DB Burns TM cutter gr Guptill JT Baggi F Kaminski HJ Mantegazza R Meriggioli MN Quan J Wolfe GI 李海峰(摘译) 高翔(摘译) 不详青岛大学医学院附属医院神经内科

由美国重症肌无力基金会（MGFA）的医学科学建议委员会（MSAB）组成工作组，于2010年在美国和2011年在意大利召开专家共识会议讨论重症肌无力（MG）临床试验的问题，与会代表包括来自美国和欧洲的神经科医生、统计学家、企业界代表、MG... 详细信息

由美国重症肌无力基金会（MGFA）的医学科学建议委员会（MSAB）组成工作组，于2010年在美国和2011年在意大利召开专家共识会议讨论重症肌无力（MG）临床试验的问题，与会代表包括来自美国和欧洲的神经科医生、统计学家、企业界代表、MG患者以及MGFA和欧洲重症肌无力协会的平民代表。

关键词：重症肌无力临床试验基金会美国科学建议工作组委员会意大利

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论悖论的本质与逻辑

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自然辩证法通讯 2024年第6期46卷 28-38页

作者：王小塞北京大学外国哲学研究所北京100871 北京大学哲学系北京100871

本文提出一个关于悖论的新理论,根据这一理论,悖论即是某种超出信念的东西。我们将通过大量的案例表明这一理论如何避免以往理论(包括蒯因和索伦森的理论)面对的问题,它能够回应过度包容性的反驳,并提供对于悖论对象的本质与逻辑、发现... 详细信息

本文提出一个关于悖论的新理论,根据这一理论,悖论即是某种超出信念的东西。我们将通过大量的案例表明这一理论如何避免以往理论(包括蒯因和索伦森的理论)面对的问题,它能够回应过度包容性的反驳,并提供对于悖论对象的本质与逻辑、发现悖论性事物的认知价值的进一步分析。

关键词：基于论证的悖论理论基于集合的悖论理论信念主体性一般性

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The Influence of Biomass Cokes on the Microstructure and Thermal Shock Resistance of MgO-C Refractories

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China's Refractories 2024年第3期33卷 9-14页

作者： Patrick GEHRE Magzhan KAPESSOV Stefan GUHL Martin grÄBNER Christos G.ANEZIRIS Institute of Ceramics Refractories and Composite MaterialsTU Bergakademie FreibergFreiberg 09599Germany Institute of Energy Process Engineering and Chemical Engineering TU Bergakademie FreibergFreiberg 09599Germany

In this study,biomass cokes from sunflower seed hull(SFSH)and wood pellets(WP)were added to a MgO-C batch(3 mass%C)to replace 1.1 mass%of *** hardening and carbonizing the samples,the influence of the biomass cokes on the microstructure and thermal shock resistance was *** replacement of flaky graphite by carbonized WP and SFSH reduced the bulk density and increased the apparent porosity after pressing and carbonization,but the degree was only *** was confirmed by SEM investigations,where the biomass-coke containing samples exhibited a microstructure with a higher amount of pores between the fine MgO *** thermal shock resistance of the porous wood pellet coke containing MgO-C is at the same level as the reference sample but not superior to it.

关键词： MgO-C carbon biomass microstructure thermal shock

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