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Generalization of Reference System for Calculating the Second Dimension Retention Index in GC×GC-MS

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2018年第3期2卷 263-273页

作者： md Aminul Islam Prodhan Ahmed A.Sleman Seongho Kim craig McClain Xiang Zhang Department of Chemistry University of Louisville2320 South Brook StreetLouisvilleKY 40292USA University of Louisville Alcohol Research Center 505 South Hancock StreetLouisvilleKY 40202USA University of Louisville Hepatobiology and Toxicology Program 505 South Hancock StreetLouisvilleKY 40202USA Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics University of Louisville2210 South Brook StreetLouisvilleKY 40208USA Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40208USA Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Louisville323 East Chestnut StreetLouisvilleKY 40202USA Department of Medicine University of Louisville550 South Jackson StreetLouisvilleKY 40202USA Department of Oncology Biostatistics CoreKarmanos Cancer InstituteSchool of MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMI 48201USA Robley Rex Louisville VAMC LouisvilleKY 40292USA

Using C_(4)-C_(25)fatty acid methyl esters(C_(4)-C_(25)FAMEs)as a sample reference series,a method was developed to generalize the reference system for calculating the second dimension retention index(2I)of compounds analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC×GC-MS).The second dimension elution temperature(2Te),second dimension unadjusted retention time(2tR),and the linear retention index(IT)of C_(4)-C_(25)FAMEs were used to form a second dimension retention index surface(2IS)via a three-dimensional surface fitting *** 2I of an analyte analyzed by GC×GC-MS was then calculated from the 2IS based on its 2tR and *** developed method was validated by calculat-ing the 2I of n-alkanes,80 compounds,and two commercially available mixtures(MegaMix A and MegaMix B).Compared to the conventional method,the developed method keeps the 2I in n-alkane retention index scale,and enables using any compounds as references to obtain a much increased separation space in the second dimension GC.

关键词： Retention index Second dimension retention index GC-MS GC×GC-MS

New insights into acquired endocrine resistance of breast cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第2期2卷 198-209页

作者： Ping Fan V.craig Jordan Department of Breast Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030USA.

The translational research strategy of targeting estrogen receptorα(ERα)positive breast cancer and then using long term anti-hormone adjuvant therapy(5-10 years)has reduced recurrences and ***,resistance continues to occur and improvements are required to build on the success of tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors(AIs)established over the past 40 *** translational research has described the evolution of acquired resistance of breast cancer cell lines to long term estrogen deprivation that parallels clinical experience over ***,recent reports have identified mutations in the ERαobtained from the recurrences of AI treated *** mutations allow the ERαto activate without ligands and auto stimulate metastatic tumor ***,the new biology of estrogen-induced apoptosis in acquired resistant models in vitro and in vivo has been interrogated and applied to clinical *** and stress are emerging concepts occurring in the process of acquired resistance and estrogen-induced apoptosis with different *** this review,we will present progress in the understanding of acquired resistance,focus on stress and inflammatory responses in the development of acquired resistance,and consider approaches to create new treatments to improve the treatment of breast cancer with endocrine resistance.

关键词： Estrogen receptorα endocrine resistance endoplasmic reticulum stress estrogen-induced apoptosis breast cancer

Subnanometer localization accuracy in widefield optical microscopy

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Light(Science & Applications) 2018年第1期7卷 740-754页

作者： craig R.Copeland Jon Geist craig D.McGray Vladimir A.Aksyuk J.Alexander Liddle B.Robert Ilic Samuel M.Stavis Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Maryland NanoCenter University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Engineering Physics Division National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA

The common assumption that precision is the limit of accuracy in localization microscopy and the typical absence of comprehensive calibration of optical microscopes lead to a widespread issue—overconfidence in measurement results with nanoscale statistical uncertainties that can be invalid due to microscale systematic *** this article,we report a comprehensive solution to this underappreciated *** develop arrays of subresolution apertures into the first reference materials that enable localization errors approaching the atomic scale across a submillimeter *** present novel methods for calibrating our microscope system using aperture arrays and develop aberration corrections that reach the precision limit of our reference *** correct and register localization data from multiple colors and test different sources of light emission with equal accuracy,indicating the general applicability of our reference materials and calibration *** a first application of our new measurement capability,we introduce the concept of critical-dimension localization microscopy,facilitating tests of nanofabrication processes and quality control of aperture *** a second application,we apply these stable reference materials to answer open questions about the apparent instability of fluorescent nanoparticles that commonly serve as fiducial *** study establishes a foundation for subnanometer localization accuracy in widefield optical microscopy.

关键词： optical limit field

Should Athletes Stretch before Exercise?

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中国运动医学杂志 2007年第5期26卷 626-633页

作者： Karl B.Fields craig M.Burnworth Martha Delaney Director of Family Medicine Residency and Sports Medicine Fellowship Moses Cone Health System GreensboroNC MD Professor and Associate Chairman Department of Family MedicineUniversity of North Carolina Sports Medicine Fellow Moses Cone Health SystemGreensboroNC Associate Team PhysicianElon UniversityElonNC MD Administrative Director Greensboro Area Health Education Center Research CoordinatorMoses Cone Family Medicine Residency GreensboroNC MA

KEY POINTSTraditional stretching routines performed during warm-up procedures before exercise can increase flexibility for a short time,but there is little scientific evidence that such routines can improve exercise performance,reduce delayed-onset muscular soreness,or prevent *** on a regular basis,e.g.,3-5 days/week,away from the exercise environment may be effective in improving flexibility and some types of exercise performance,and it may reduce injury risk,but further research is required to validate this *** stretching for 15-30 seconds is more effective for increasing flexibility than stretching for shorter durations and is equally effective as stretching for longer periods.

关键词：运动伸展训练热身运动肌肉酸痛运动损伤

Roles for the VCP co-factors Npl4 and Ufd1 in neuronal function in Drosophila melanogaster

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2017年第10期44卷 493-501页

作者： Dwayne J.Byrne Mark J.Harmon Jeremy C.Simpson craig Blackstone Niamh C. O'Sullivan UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science UCD Conway Institute University College Dublin Dublin 4 Ireland UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research University College Dublin Dublin 4Ireland Cell Biology Section Neurogenetics Branch National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 20892 USA

The VCP-Ufd1-Npl4 complex regulates proteasomal processing within cells by delivering ubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome for *** in VCP are associated with two neurodegenerative diseases,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis（ALS） and inclusion body myopathy with Paget＇s disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia（IBMPFD）,and extensive study has revealed crucial functions of VCP within *** contrast,little is known about the functions of Npl4 or Ufd1 in *** neuronalspecific knockdown of Npl4 or Ufd1 in Drosophila melanogaster,we infer that Npl4 contributes to microtubule organization within developing motor ***,Npl4 RNAi flies present with neurodegenerative phenotypes including progressive locomotor deficits,reduced lifespan and increased accumulation of TAR DNA-binding protein-43 homolog（TBPH）.Knockdown,but not overexpression,of TBPH also exacerbates Npl4 RNAi-associated adult-onset neurodegenerative *** contrast,we find that neuronal knockdown of Ufd1 has little effect on neuromuscular junction（NMJ） organization,TBPH accumulation or adult *** findings suggest the differing neuronal functions of Npl4 and Ufd1 in vivo.

关键词： Proteasome TDP-43 accumulation Neurodegeneration Drosophila

奥利司他对肥胖青少年体重和机体组分的影响——随机对照试验

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2006年第1期25卷 34-43页

作者： Jean-Pierre Chanoine, md, PhD Sarah Hampl, md, FAAP craig Jensen, md Mark Boldrin, MS Jonathan Hauptman, md 李呈亿（译） Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit British Columbia Children＇s Hospital Vancouver Children＇s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics Kansas City Mo Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston rex Hoffmann-La Roche Inc NutJey NJ 不详

背景：儿童和青少年超重和肥胖正迅速增加。在该人群，单纯行为疗法减肥及维持体重下降的效果有限，但是对药物治疗尚未进行广泛的研究。目的：确定奥利州他（Orlistat）在青少年体重治疗方面的效果及其安个性。设计、地点和病例：于美... 详细信息

背景：儿童和青少年超重和肥胖正迅速增加。在该人群，单纯行为疗法减肥及维持体重下降的效果有限，但是对药物治疗尚未进行广泛的研究。目的：确定奥利州他（Orlistat）在青少年体重治疗方面的效果及其安个性。设计、地点和病例：于美国和加拿大32个中心、539例肥胖青少年（12—16岁；体重指数[body mass index，BMI]在第95百分化之上≥2单位）进行的多ln0、54剧（2000年8月至2002年10月）随机双盲研究。干预：给予奥利司他（n=357）或安慰剂（n=182）120mg，每口3次，持续1年；加适度低热卡饮食（脂肪占30％）、运动和行为治疗。主要观察指标：BMI变化；二级指标包括腰围和髋用、体重下降、脂质测量以及机体对口服葡萄糖的血糖和胰岛素反心。结果：至12周时，两组BMI均有下降；此后，奥利司他组体重维持稳定而安慰剂组则超过基线。研究结束时，奥利司他组BMI下降0．55。而安慰剂组则增加0．31（P=0．001）。与安慰剂组的15．7％相比，奥利司他组26．5％的病例BMI下降≥5％（P=0．005）；BMI下降≥10％者分别为4．5％和13．3％（P=0．002）。在研究结束时，奥利司他组体重增加0．53kg，安慰剂组增加3．14kg（P〈0．001）。双能X线吸收测量娃示，这种差异可用脂肪体再的变化解释。奥利司他组腰围下降，安慰剂组腰围上升（-1．33cm比＋0．12cm；P〈0．05）。奥利司他组发生轻至中度胃肠道不良事件者为9％-50％，安慰剂组为1％～13％。结论：与安慰剂比较，奥利司他与饮食、运动和行为改善联合可显著改善肥胖青少年体重的治疗。在这个青少年人群，连续使用奥利司他1年并无重要安全问题，尽管奥利司他组胃肠道不良事件较为常见。

关键词：青少年人群奥利司他体重下降随机对照试验肥胖机体低热卡饮食组分随机双盲研究双能X线吸收

Using multimodal MRI to investigate alterations in brain structure and function in the BBZDR/Wor rat model of type 2 diabetes

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2020年第4期3卷 285-294页

作者： Christopher M.Lawson Kilian F.G.Rentrup Xuezhu Cai Praveen P.Kulkarni craig F.Ferris Center for Translational NeuroImaging Northeastern UniversityBostonMAUSA

Background:This is an exploratory study using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)to interrogate the brain of rats with type 2 diabetes(T2DM)as compared to *** was hypothesized there would be changes in brain structure and function that reflected the human disorder,thus providing a model system by which to follow disease progression with noninvasive ***:The transgenic BBZDR/Wor rat,an animal model of T2md,and agematched controls were studied for changes in brain structure using voxel-based morphometry,alteration in white and gray matter microarchitecture using diffusion weighted imaging with indices of anisotropy,and functional coupling using restingstate BOLD functional *** from each modality were registered to,and analyzed,using a 3D MRI rat atlas providing site-specific data on over 168 different brain ***:There was an overall reduction in brain volume focused primarily on the somatosensory cortex,cerebellum,and white matter *** putative changes in white and gray matter microarchitecture were pervasive affecting much of the brain and not localized to any *** was a general increase in connectivity in T2DM rats as compared to *** cerebellum presented with strong functional coupling to pons and brainstem in T2DM rats but negative connectivity to ***:The neuroradiological measures collected in BBBKZ/Wor rats using multimodal imaging methods did not reflect those reported for T2DB patients in the *** data would suggest the BBBKZ/Wor rat is not an appropriate imaging model for T2DM.

关键词： BBZDR/Wor rat diffusion weighted imaging magnetic resonance imaging resting-state BOLD functional imaging small vessel disease voxel-based morphometry

Self-efficacy for managing hypertension and comorbid conditions

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World Journal of Hypertension 2019年第3期9卷 30-41页

作者： Mi Jung Lee Sergio Romero HuanGuang Jia craig A Velozo Ann L Gruber-Baldini Lisa M Shulman Department of Occupational Therapy University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610United States NF/SG VHS Center of Innovation on Disability and Rehabilitation Research-GNVGainesvilleFL 32601United States Division of Occupational Therapy Medical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC 29425United States Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201United States Department of Neurology University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201United States

BACKGROUND Self-efficacy is defined an individual’s belief in completing necessary actions to achieve the desired *** individuals with hypertension and other chronic conditions,self-efficacy has been an essential factor to predict adherence to treatment *** To examine self-efficacy for managing chronic conditions in individuals with *** A total of 1087 individuals with chronic conditions in two groups(hypertension and non-hypertension groups)were selected in this *** two groups’selfefficacy for managing chronic conditions were investigated using the five domains of patient reported outcomes measurement information system selfefficacy for managing chronic conditions measures(PROMIS-SE);daily activities,emotions,medication and treatment,social interactions,and ***,the relationships between self-efficacy and other health-related outcomes for the hypertension group were examined using structural equation *** Among 1087 participants,437 reported having *** hypertension and non-hypertension groups were statistically different in self-efficacy for managing daily activities[F(1,598)=5.63,P<0.05].Structural equation modeling indicated that for individuals with hypertension,two domains of PROMIS-SE(managing daily activities and emotions)significantly predict global physical health(P<0.001 and P<0.01 sequentially),and one domain(managing emotions)significantly predicts mental health(P<0.001).Hypertension patients’general quality of life was significantly predicted by global physical health(P<0.001)and mental health(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The hypertension group reported deficits in self-efficacy in managing daily activities as compared to the non-hypertension *** this hypertension group,self-efficacy functioned as an indirect predictor of general quality of life,mediated by global physical and mental health.

关键词： Hypertension Self-efficacy Self-management Chronic conditions

Transfer of motion through a microelectromechanical linkage at nanometer and microradian scales

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2016年第1期2卷 106-115页

作者： craig R.Copeland craig D.McGray Jon Geist Vladimir A.Aksyuk Samuel M.Stavis Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Maryland Nanocenter University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA Engineering Physics Division National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburgMD 20899USA Modern Microsystems Silver SpringMD 20904USA

Mechanical linkages are fundamentally important for the transfer of motion through assemblies of parts to perform *** their behavior in macroscale systems is well understood,there are open questions regarding the performance and reliability of linkages with moving parts in contact within microscale *** challenges impede experimental studies to answer such *** this study,we develop a novel combination of optical microscopy methods that enable the first quantitative measurements at nanometer and microradian scales of the transfer of motion through a microelectromechanical *** track surface features and fluorescent nanoparticles as optical indicators of the motion of the underlying parts of the *** models allow precise characterization of the electrothermal actuation of the *** transfer of motion between translating and rotating links can be nearly ideal,depending on the operating *** coupling and decoupling of the links agree with an ideal kinematic model to within approximately 5%,and the rotational output is perfectly repeatable to within approximately 20 ***,stiction can result in nonideal kinematics,and input noise on the scale of a few millivolts produces an asymmetric interaction of electrical noise and mechanical play that results in the nondeterministic transfer of *** study establishes a new approach towards testing the performance and reliability of the transfer of motion through assemblies of microscale parts,opening the door to future studies of complex microsystems.

关键词： Electrothermal linkage microelectromechanical nanoparticle noise rotation tracking translation