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Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms:A clinical snapshot

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2021年第3期13卷 231-255页

作者： cornelius j.fernandez Mayuri Agarwal Biju Pottakkat Nisha Nigil Haroon Annu Susan George joseph MPappachan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Jawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research(JIPMER)Puducherry 605006India Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Northern Ontario School of MedicineSudbury P3E 2C6OntarioCanada Department of Medical Oncology VPS Lakeshore HospitalCochin 682040KeralaIndia Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPR29HTPrestonThe University of ManchesterOxford Road M139PLManchester Metropolitan UniversityAll Saints Building M156BHManchesterUnited Kingdom.

Our understanding about the epidemiological aspects,pathogenesis,molecular diagnosis,and targeted therapies of neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)have drastically advanced in the past ***(GEP)NENs originate from the enteroendocrine cells of the embryonic gut which share common endocrine and neural differentiation *** NENs are welldifferentiated,and slow *** neuroendocrine biomarkers that are used in the diagnosis of functional NENs include insulin,glucagon,vasoactive intestinal polypeptide,gastrin,somatostatin,adrenocorticotropin,growth hormone releasing hormone,parathyroid hormone-related peptide,serotonin,histamine,and 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid(5-HIAA).Biomarkers such as pancreatic polypeptide,human chorionic gonadotrophin subunits,neurotensin,ghrelin,and calcitonin are used in the diagnosis of non-functional NENs.5-HIAA levels correlate with tumour burden,prognosis and development of carcinoid heart disease and mesenteric fibrosis,however several diseases,medications and edible products can falsely elevate the 5-HIAA ***-specific transcription factors are useful in the differential diagnosis of metastasis from an unknown primary of well-differentiated *** novel biomarkers include circulating tumour cells,circulating tumour DNA,circulating micro-RNAs,and neuroendocrine neoplasms test(NETest)(simultaneous measurement of 51 neuroendocrine-specific marker genes in the peripheral blood).NETest has high sensitivity(85%-98%)and specificity(93%-97%)for the detection of gastrointestinal NENs,and is useful for monitoring treatment response,recurrence,and *** terms of management,surgery,radiofrequency ablation,symptom control with medications,chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapies are all considered as *** is the mainstay of treatment,but depends on factors including age of the individual,location,stage,grade,functional status,and the heredity of the tumour(sporadic vs inherited).Me

关键词： Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms Neuroendocrine tumours Neuroendocrine carcinoma Targeted molecular therapy Octreoscan Chemotherapy

Epidemiological link between obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer

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World journal of Methodology 2021年第3期11卷 23-45页

作者： cornelius j.fernandez Annu Susan George Nikhila A Subrahmanyan joseph M Pappachan Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of Medical Oncology VPS Lakeshore HospitalCochin 682040India Department of Internal Medicine Al-Azhar Medical CollegeThodupuzha 685605India Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom

There exists a complex interaction between obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and cancer,and an increase in the incidence of cancer is expected with the growing obesity-diabetes *** association of cancer with diabetes mellitus and obesity appears to be site-specific,the highest risk being for postmenopausal breast cancer,endometrial cancer,and colorectal ***,there is worsening of hyperglycaemia with the onset of cancer,evidencing a bidirectional link between cancer and diabetes mellitus and the need for monitoring for diabetes in cancer *** this review,we look at the epidemiological evidence from observational studies and Mendelian randomization studies linking obesity,diabetes,and cancer,as well as the complex pathophysiological mechanisms involved,including insulin resistance with associated hyperinsulinaemia,the effect of chronic low-grade inflammation,and the effect of various adipokines that are associated with obesity and ***,we describe the novel therapeutic strategies,based on their role on the discrete pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the tumourigenesis.

关键词： Cancer Obesity Type 2 diabetes mellitus Hyperinsulinaemia Epidemiological link

Comparative study of two modeling approaches for predicting heavy metals contaminant migration from polyethylene bags

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International journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2016年第3期9卷 194-200页

作者： Noble Banadda Fredrick Lule cornelius Sempala julia Kigozi Department of Agricultural and Bio-Systems Engineering Makerere UniversityUganda Department of Educational Foundations and Curriculum Makerere UniversityUganda

Plasto-Foam brand,medium size of 30 mm thickness(black and green)commonly used polyethylene bags for preparing foods were selected from those available in local *** polyethylene bag samples were crushed into pieces,ashed and then acid digested to determine the concentrations of heavy metals selected(Pb,Cr,Co and Cd)using Atomic Absorption *** the polyethylene samples were tested positive for heavy *** of heavy metals in polyethylene bags ranged from 1080 ppm to 1725 ppm,76 ppm to 112 ppm,35 ppm to 52 ppm,18 ppm to 31 ppm for Pb,Cd,Cr and Co,***-eight posho(Ugali)samples were prepared and wrapped in these polyethylene bags and migration studies were carried out at 65°C and 80°*** experimental data obtained were then compared to the modeled data using the models developed by Baner et al.,and Limm and Hollifield to determine which model was a better *** fitting was done based on Non-linear least square analysis using Microsoft EXCEL *** and partition coefficients both between food and the contact material were also obtained by fitting experimental data to the model *** modeling approaching could best describe the experimental data of the measured *** study revealed that all polyethylene bags showed highest contaminant concentration(above USFDA limit)of Pb,Cd,Cr and Co,respectively confirming the potential health risk to individuals if continuously eat food thermally prepared in polyethylene bags.

关键词： heavy metals polyethylene bags migration mathematical models

Effect of sedative agent selection on morbidity, mortality and length of stay in patients with increase in intracranial pressure

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World journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第4期9卷 256-261页

作者： Brian G.cornelius Elizabeth Webb Angela cornelius Kenneth W.G.Smith Srdan Ristic jay jain Urska Cvek Marjan Trutschl Department of Anesthesia University Health-Shreveport Department of Emergency Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Laboratory for Advanced Biomedical Informatics Department of Computer Science Louisiana State University Shreveport

BACKGROUND: To identify the effects of sedative agent selection on morbidity, mortality, and length of stay in patients with suspected increase in intracranial pressure. Recent trends and developments have resulted in changes to medications that were previously utilized as pharmacological adjuncts in the sedation and intubation of patients with suspected increases in intracranial pressure. Medications that were previously considered contraindicated are now being used with increasing regularity without demonstrated safety and effectiveness. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the use of Ketamine as an induction agent for patients with increased intracranial pressure. The secondary objective was to evaluate and compare the use of Etomidate, Midazolam, and Ketamine in patients with increased intracranial pressure. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients transported to our facility with evidence of intracranial hypertension that were intubated before trauma center arrival. Patients were identifi ed during a 22-month period from january 2014 to October 2015. Goals were to evaluate the impact of sedative agent selection on morbidity, mortality, and length of ***: During the review 148 patients were identifi ed as meeting inclusion criteria, 52 were excluded due to incomplete data. Of those the patients primarily received; Etomidate, Ketamine, and Midazolam. Patients in the Ketamine group were found to have a lower mortality rate after injury stratifi cation. CONCLUSION: Patients with intracranial hypertension should not be excluded from receiving Ketamine during intubation out of concern for worsening outcomes.

关键词： Ketamine Intracranial hypertension Craniocerebral trauma Head injury Intubation

Model-based evaluation on the conversion ratio of ammonium to nitrite in a nitritation process for ammonium-rich wastewater treatment

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第6期16卷 1005-1010页

作者： LIXiao-ming YANGQi ZENGGuang-ming A.cornelius K.H.Rosenwinkel S.Kunst D.Weichgrebe DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering HunanUniversityChangsha410082China InstituteofWaterQualityandWasteManagement HannoverUniversityWelfengartenD-130167HannoverGermany

Modeling for nitritation process was discussed and analyzed quantitatively for the factors that influence nitrite accumulation. The results indicated that pH, inorganic carbon source and Hydraulic Retention Time(HRT) as well as biomass concentration are the main factors that influenced the conversion ratio of ammonium to nitrite. A constant high pH can lead to a high nitritation rate and results in high conversion ratio on condition that free ammonia inhibition do not happen. In a CSTR system, without pH control, this conversion ratio can be monitored by pH variation in the reactor. The pH goes down far from the inlet level means a strongly nitrite accumulation. High concentration of alkalinity can promoted the conversion ratio by means of accelerating the nitritation rate through providing sufficient inorganic carbon source(carbon dioxide). When inorganic carbon source was depleted, the nitritation process stopped. HRT adjustment could be an efficient way to make the nitritation system run more flexible, which to some extent can meet the requirements of the fluctuant of inlet parameters such as ammonium concentration, pH, and temperature and so on. Biomass concentration is the key point, especially for a CSTR system in steady state, which was normally circumscribed by the characteristics of bacteria and may also affected by aeration mode and can be increased by prolonging the HRT on the condition of no nitrate accumulation when no recirculation available. The higher the biomass concentration is, the better the nitrite accumulation can be obtained.

关键词： conversion ratio modeling analysis nitritation process nitrite accumulation

COSMO-RS: An ionic liquid prescreening tool for gas hydrate mitigation

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Chinese journal of Chemical Engineering 2016年第11期24卷 1619-1624页

作者： cornelius B.Bavoh Bhajan Lal Omar Nashed Muhammad S.Khan Lau K.Keong Mohd.Azmi Bustam Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS

Recently ionic liquids(ILs) are introduced as novel dual function gas hydrate inhibitors. However, no desired gas hydrate inhibition has been reported due to poor IL selection and/or tuning method. Trial & error as well as selection based on existing literature are the methods currently employed for selecting and/or tuning ILs. These methods are probabilistic, time consuming, expensive and may not result in selecting high performance ILs for gas hydrate mitigation. In this work, COSMO-RS is considered as a prescreening tool of ILs for gas hydrate mitigation by predicting the hydrogen bonding energies(E_(HB)) of studied IL inhibitors and comparing the predicted E_(HB) to the depression temperature(?) and induction time. Results show that, predicted EHBand chain length of ILs strongly relate and significantly affect the gas hydrate inhibition depression temperature but correlate moderately(R = 0.70) with average induction time in literature. It is deduced from the results that, ? increases with increasing IL EHBand/or decreases with increasing chain length. However, the cation–anion pairing of ILs also affects IL gas hydrate inhibition performance. Furthermore, a visual and better understanding of IL/water behavior for gas hydrate inhibition in terms of hydrogen bond donor and acceptor interaction analysis is also presented by determining the sigma profile and sigma potential of studied IL cations and anions used for gas hydrate mitigation for easy IL selection.

关键词： Gas hydrates COSMO-RS Hydrogen bonding energies Ionic liquids Tuning

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真实驾驶循环中的发动机电基合成燃料评估

同济大学学报（自然科学版） 2022年第S01期50卷 218-236页

作者：杨棋锐 Michel GRILL cornelius WAGNER Markus MAUL Andre KULZER 斯图加特汽车工程与车辆发动机研究所(FKFS) 德国斯图加特70569 斯图加特大学汽车工程学院(IFS) 德国斯图加特70569

电基合成燃料(E-Fuels)是实现环境和气候目标的一个重要组成部分。其中C1含氧化合物因其具备清洁燃烧的特性而备受关注,包括氧化亚甲基醚(OME)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)和甲酸甲酯(MeFo)。为探索新型燃料在内燃机中的潜力,对汽油和柴油燃烧、... 详细信息

电基合成燃料(E-Fuels)是实现环境和气候目标的一个重要组成部分。其中C1含氧化合物因其具备清洁燃烧的特性而备受关注,包括氧化亚甲基醚(OME)、碳酸二甲酯(DMC)和甲酸甲酯(MeFo)。为探索新型燃料在内燃机中的潜力,对汽油和柴油燃烧、排放模型进行了优化和扩展。在成功验证和标定模型后,对虚拟测试车辆进行了研究,重点关注燃料的效率潜力、排放水平和经济性。首先,基于现代汽油、柴油和天然气发动机,开发了不同概念的OME和DMC/MeFo发动机;其次,在真实驾驶循环(RDE)中对这些发动机概念在E级乘用车和40 t卡车上的应用进行了评估。结果表明,通过调整喷射策略和匹配废气再循环,OME发动机能实现最佳的热效率和极低的排放;混合燃料DMC/MeFo由于高抗爆性,结合先进的发动机技术,能达到接近柴油机的热效率,且发动机复杂性大大降低,这使得DMC/MeFo燃料在重型卡车应用中具有广阔的前景。

关键词：电基合成燃料实际驾驶排放 0D/1D仿真氧化亚甲基醚碳酸二甲酯甲酸甲酯

Engineered SPIONs functionalized with endothelin a receptor antagonist ameliorate liver fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation

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Bioactive Materials 2024年第9期39卷 406-426页

作者： Marit ten Hove Andreas Smyris Richell Booijink Lydia Wachsmuth Uwe Hansen Lejla Alic cornelius Faber Carsten Hӧltke Ruchi Bansal Personalized Diagnostics and Therapeutics Department of Bioengineering TechnologiesTechnical Medical CentreFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands Clinic of Radiology University Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine University Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany Department of Magnetic Detection and Imaging Technical Medical CentreFaculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands

Endothelin-1/endothelin A receptor(ET-1/ETAR)pathway plays an important role in the progression of liver fibrosis by activating hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)-a key cell type involved in the pathogenesis of liver *** HSCs by blocking the ET-1/ETAR pathway using a selective ETAR antagonist(ERA)represents a promising therapeutic approach for liver ***,small-molecule ERAs possess limited clinical potential due to poor bioavailability,short half-life,and rapid renal *** improve the clinical applicability,we conjugated ERA to superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles(SPIONs)and investigated the therapeutic efficacy of ERA and ERA-SPIONs in vitro and in vivo and analyzed liver uptake by in vivo and ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),HSCs-specific localization,and ET-1/ETAR-pathway antagonism in *** murine and human liver fibrosis/cirrhosis,we observed overexpression of ET-1 and ETAR that correlated with HSC activation,and HSC-specific localization of *** and successfully synthesized ERA-SPIONs demonstrated significant attenuation in TGFβ-induced HSC activation,ECM production,migration,and *** an acute CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model,ERA-SPIONs exhibited higher liver uptake,HSC-specific localization,and ET-1/ETAR pathway *** resulted in significantly reduced liver-to-body weight ratio,plasma ALT levels,andα-SMA and collagen-I expression,indicating attenuation of liver *** conclusion,our study demonstrates that the delivery of ERA using SPIONs enhances the therapeutic efficacy of ERA in *** approach holds promise as a theranostic strategy for the MRI-based diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis.

关键词： Endothelin A receptor SPIONs Hepatic stellate cells Liver fibrosis

Poly-and perfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)in sediment samples from Roodeplaat and Hartbeespoort Dams,South Africa

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 367-375页

作者： Bulelwa Batayi jonathan O.Okonkwo Peter A.Daso cornelius C.Rimayi Department of Environmental Water and Earth SciencesFaculty of ScienceTshwane University of TechnologyArcadia CampusPretoria0001South Africa Department of Water and Sanitation Resource Quality Information Services(RQIS)RoodeplaatP.Bag X3130001PretoriaSouth Africa

This study aimed at determining PFAS concentrations in sediments obtained from two important water systems in South Africa,namely,the Roodeplaat and Hartbeespoort *** samples were collected in March and june representing summer and winter *** analytes were extracted using the half-dry alkaline method followed by solid phase extraction and analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass *** mean PFASs concentrations in Roodeplaat Dam(0.14 e89.04 ng g^-1)were significantly higher(p=0.016)than in Hartbeespoort Dam(0.03e31.37 ng g^-1).Perfluoro-n-decane sulfonic acid(PFDS),perfluoro-n-heptyl sulfonate(PFHpS),perfluoro-n-nonane sulfonic acid(PFNS)and perfluoro-n-octane sulfonic acid(PFOS)were the most dominant PFASs *** were observed to be generally higher in summer compared to winter,however,the difference is statistically insignificant(p=0.659).The perfluorosulfonic acids(PFSAs)was more dominant than the perfluorocarboxylic compounds,suggesting possible preferential usage of PFSAs in this *** findings were different from reports from China and Korea,which reported long chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids(PFCAs)in sediments as the dominant *** results also revealed that the PFAS concentrations found in the present study were higher than the concentrations found in China,Germany,and Ethiopia but lower than the concentrations detected in the Western Cape Province in South Africa.

关键词： PFASs Concentrations Sediments Hartbeespoort and roodeplaat dams South Africa