Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms:A clinical snapshot
作者机构：Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismPilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Department of Surgical GastroenterologyJawaharlal Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research(JIPMER)Puducherry 605006India Department of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineNorthern Ontario School of MedicineSudbury P3E 2C6OntarioCanada Department of Medical OncologyVPS Lakeshore HospitalCochin 682040KeralaIndia Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismLancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPR29HTPrestonThe University of ManchesterOxford Road M139PLManchester Metropolitan UniversityAll Saints Building M156BHManchesterUnited Kingdom.
出 版 物：《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery》 (世界胃肠外科杂志（英文版）（电子版）)
年 卷 期：2021年第13卷第3期
页 面：231-255页
核心收录：
学科分类：1002[医学-临床医学] 100214[医学-肿瘤学] 10[医学]
主 题：Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms Neuroendocrine tumours Neuroendocrine carcinoma Targeted molecular therapy Octreoscan Chemotherapy
摘 要：Our understanding about the epidemiological aspects,pathogenesis,molecular diagnosis,and targeted therapies of neuroendocrine neoplasms(NENs)have drastically advanced in the past ***(GEP)NENs originate from the enteroendocrine cells of the embryonic gut which share common endocrine and neural differentiation *** NENs are welldifferentiated,and slow *** neuroendocrine biomarkers that are used in the diagnosis of functional NENs include insulin,glucagon,vasoactive intestinal polypeptide,gastrin,somatostatin,adrenocorticotropin,growth hormone releasing hormone,parathyroid hormone-related peptide,serotonin,histamine,and 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid(5-HIAA).Biomarkers such as pancreatic polypeptide,human chorionic gonadotrophin subunits,neurotensin,ghrelin,and calcitonin are used in the diagnosis of non-functional NENs.5-HIAA levels correlate with tumour burden,prognosis and development of carcinoid heart disease and mesenteric fibrosis,however several diseases,medications and edible products can falsely elevate the 5-HIAA ***-specific transcription factors are useful in the differential diagnosis of metastasis from an unknown primary of well-differentiated *** novel biomarkers include circulating tumour cells,circulating tumour DNA,circulating micro-RNAs,and neuroendocrine neoplasms test(NETest)(simultaneous measurement of 51 neuroendocrine-specific marker genes in the peripheral blood).NETest has high sensitivity(85%-98%)and specificity(93%-97%)for the detection of gastrointestinal NENs,and is useful for monitoring treatment response,recurrence,and *** terms of management,surgery,radiofrequency ablation,symptom control with medications,chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapies are all considered as *** is the mainstay of treatment,but depends on factors including age of the individual,location,stage,grade,functional status,and the heredity of the tumour(sporadic vs inherited).Me
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