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designing user-centric transport strategies for urban road space redistribution

Communications in Transportation Research 2023年第1期3卷 230-248页

作者： Manu Sasidharan Mehran Eskandari Torbaghan Yasmin fathy christopher d.f.rogers Nicole Metje Jennifer Schooling department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeCB21PZUK School of Engineering University of BirminghamBirminghamEdgbastonB152TTUK

Cities worldwide are geared to promote economic growth,improve accessibility,address environmental issues,and enhance the quality of ***,the processes that lead to the design of urban roads,particularly the space distribution,reflect the inequalities existing in the fabric of our *** often have shorter travel time and more space than passengers of other ***,the existing transport appraisal and planning tools that frame sustainable transport policies fall short of considering the dimension of social ***,our urban transport systems are essential areas for advancing sustainability through a transport justice-based approach to planning that can pivot the distribution of infrastructure investments over different social groups and transport *** study proposes such an approach by which such suitable urban transport strategies can be identified,co-created with users and appraised while considering the commuters’***,the interaction between the multidimensional characteristics of sustainability and the principles of transport justice are *** proposed approach is applied to London and *** results show that a transparent and holistic approach to integrating users within transport planning is an effective way to reflect diverse needs and local circumstances and thereby ensure a just transition to sustainable urban transport *** results from the case studies highlight a strong rationale for the centrality of justice in any urban transport planning and policy making efforts,particularly in the allocation of road space.

关键词： Urban transport Sustainability Road space allocation Cost-benefit analysis

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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson david fletcher Edmilson dias de freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli christopher d.f.rogers Runming Yao fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK department of Psychiatry and Nuffield department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina department of forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA department of Tropical Ecosystems functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,dfa to dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： christopher J.O’Connell Matthew J.Robson department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA James L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

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BIM for the Underground-An enabler of trenchless construction

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Underground Space 2020年第4期5卷 354-361页

作者： david Chapman Stylianos Providakis christopher rogers department of Civil Engineering University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUK

The subsurface space in urban areas is an important ***,the information available on this environment is relatively poor compared to above ground *** paper proposes a Building Information Model(BIM)for underground applications as means to address this information *** creation and progressive update of BIM for a constructed artefact ensures that data on the structures is available and can be used throughout its lifetime.A BIM for underground applications integrates data on surface structures,such as buildings,and subsurface infrastructures,such as pipes,along with details of the surrounding ground,the associated soil and rock properties and groundwater regime into a single *** approach is demonstrated by applying it to trenchless construction operations,including a microtunnelling project for a new *** data from this extended BIM concept can be interactively used with analysis packages to conduct risk assessments for new construction *** also shows how BIM for the Underground can be used throughout the planning,construction and post-construction stages of a project,and,importantly,how this information can be available for future projects.

关键词： Trenchless BIM Underground Pipe jacking Microtunnelling Horizontal directional drilling

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Comparative analysis of empirical and deep learning models for ionospheric sporadic E layer prediction

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第1期9卷 10-19页

作者： BingKun Yu PengHao Tian XiangHui Xue christopher JScott HaiLun Ye Jianfei Wu Wen Yi Tingdi Chen XianKang dou Institute of deep Space Sciences Deep Space Exploration LaboratoryHefei 230088China CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment School of Earth and Space SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China department of Meteorology University of ReadingReading RG66BBUK

Sporadic E(Es)layers in the ionosphere are characterized by intense plasma irregularities in the E region at altitudes of 90-130 *** they can significantly influence radio communications and navigation systems,accurate forecasting of Es layers is crucial for ensuring the precision and dependability of navigation satellite *** this study,we present Es predictions made by an empirical model and by a deep learning model,and analyze their differences comprehensively by comparing the model predictions to satellite RO measurements and ground-based ionosonde *** deep learning model exhibited significantly better performance,as indicated by its high coefficient of correlation(r=0.87)with RO observations and predictions,than did the empirical model(r=0.53).This study highlights the importance of integrating artificial intelligence technology into ionosphere modelling generally,and into predicting Es layer occurrences and characteristics,in particular.

关键词： ionospheric sporadic E layer radio occultation ionosondes numerical model deep learning model artificial intelligence

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Jet flows from bubbles during subcooled pool boiling on micro wires

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第4期48卷 385-402页

作者： d. M. christopher Laboratory of Phase Change and Interfacial Transport Phenomena Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

An experimental investigation was conducted on subcooled nucleate boiling on ultra-small wires having diameters of 25―100 μm. High-speed photography and laser PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technology were used to visually observe the bubble dynamics. for highly subcooled boiling at moderate heat fluxes, the bubbles generally remained attached to the micro heating wires and bubble-top jet flows were clearly observed. Smaller bubbles usually had stronger bubble-top jet flows, while larger bubbles seemed to produce multi-jet flows. The structures of the bubble-top jet flows, as well as multi-jet flows, were proposed from the experimental observation. A model was developed to describe jet flow phenomena from bubbles on micro wires. Numerical simulations for bubbles having diameter of 0.03 and 0.06 mm showed that both the bubble-top and multi-jet flows were induced by a strong Marangoni effect due to high temperature gradients near the wire. The predicted velocity magnitudes and flow structures agreed very well with experimental measurements. The bubble size relative to the wire is an important factor affecting the jet flow structure. for a 0.03 mm bubble on a 0.1 mm wire, only a bubble-top jet flow forms, while a complex multi-jet flow pattern forms around the bubble with a weak bubble-top jet and two side jet flows for a 0.06 mm bubble.

关键词： subcooled boiling, bubble, multi-jet, jet flow, PIV, Marangoni, Cfd.

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In silico characterization of the functional and structural modules of the hemagglutinin protein from the swine-origin influenza virus A (H1N1)-2009

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2010年第6期53卷 633-642页

作者： christopher VAVRICKA GAO George f CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China-Japan Joint Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Molecular Microbiology Institute of MicrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Institutes of Life Science Chinese Academy of Sciences

The 2009 swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV,H1N1 subtype) has developed into a new pandemic influenza as announced by the World Health *** order to uncover clues about the determinants for virulence and pathogenicity of the virus,we characterized the functional modules of the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA),the most important protein in molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of influenza *** analyzed receptor binding sites,basic patch,neutralization antibody epitopes and T cell epitopes in the HA protein of the current S-OIV according to the corresponding functional and structural modules previously characterized in other H1 HA molecules or HA molecules of other *** compared their differences and similarities *** on the amino acids defined as the functional and structural modules,the HA protein of 2009 S-OIV should specifically bind to the human 2,*** d225G/E mutation in HA,which is found in some isolates,may confer dual binding specificity to the 2,3and 2,6-receptor based on previously reported *** HA variant contains two basic patches,one of which results in increased basicity,suggesting enhanced membrane fusion *** 2009 S-OIV HA also has an extra glycosylation site at position *** of the five antibody neutralization epitopes identified in A/RP/8/34(H1N1) were exposed,but the other was hidden by a glycosylation *** previously identified cytotoxic T cell epitopes in various HA molecules were summarized and their corresponding sequences in 2009 S-OIV HA were *** results are critical for understanding the pathogenicity of the virus and host immune response against the virus.

关键词： 2009 S-OIV hemagglutinin in silico structural and functional modules

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On a connectedness principle of Shokurov-Kollr type

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Science China Mathematics 2019年第3期62卷 411-416页

作者： christopher d.Hacon Jingjun Han department of Mathematics University of Utah Beijing International Center for Mathematical Research Peking University

Let(X, ?) be a log pair over S, such that-(KX+ ?) is nef over S. It is conjectured that the intersection of the non-klt(non Kawamata log terminal) locus of(X, ?) with any fiber Xs has at most two connected components. We prove this conjecture in dimension no greater than 4 and in arbitrary dimension assuming the termination of klt flips.

关键词： minimal model program non-klt locus connectedness

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Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and fatty liver: Association or causal link?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第34期16卷 4243-4252页

作者： Mohamed H Ahmed christopher d Byrne Chemical Pathology department Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust Southampton SO16 6YD United Kingdom Endocrinology and Metabolism DOHaD Division University of Southampton and Southampton University Hospitals Trust Southampton SO16 6YD United Kingdom

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex disorder that consists of upper airway obstruction, chronic intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. OSA is well known to be associated with hypoxia, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, and these factors can occur in the presence or absence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Although it is well established that insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and obesity occur frequently with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAfLd), it is now becoming apparent that hypoxia might also be important in the development of NAfLd, and it is recognized that there is increased risk of NAfLd with OSA. This review discusses the association between OSA, NAfLd and cardiovascular disease, and describes the potential role of hypoxia in the development of NAfLd with OSA.

关键词： Sleep apnea syndrome Hyperlipidemia Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Insulin resistance

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Experimental Study of High Moisture Content Gas flow Across a Cylinder at Moderate Reynolds Numbers

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2003年第5期8卷 598-604页

作者： d.M.christopher 郭亮 department of Thermal Engineering

The Nusselt number for cross flow of a mixture of air and vapor over a cylinder was measured at moderate Reynolds numbers (30007000) for temperatures from 300℃ to 700℃ and for vapor mass fractions of 0.180.35. Results are also presented for a set of three cylinders aligned perpendicular to the flow for the same range of conditions. The effect of the vapor concentration and temperature on the convection coefficients was investigated to develop a modified Zhukauskas correlation. The results show that the Nusselt number increases as the moisture content increases and that the increase is more than could be accounted for by typical models for the property variations of mixtures. The exponent of the vapor concentration term in the modified correlation is 0.145 for the entire data set indicating the importance of the property variation due to the moisture content.

关键词： high moisture content cross flow convection coefficients heat exchangers

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