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Saliva:a challenging human fluid to diagnose brain disorders with a focus on Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第12期18卷 2606-2610页

作者： Christine Zürcher christian Humpel University Hospital for Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria Laboratory of Psychiatry&Experimental Alzheimer’s Research Department of Psychiatry IMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria

Biomarkers are molecules of biological processes that help in both the diagnosis of human diseases and in follow-up assessments of therapeutic responses. Biomarkers can be measured in many human fluids, such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and saliva. The-omics methods(genomics, RNomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) are useful at measuring thousands of markers in a small volume. Saliva is a human fluid that is easily accessible, without any ethical concerns. Yet, saliva remains unexplored in regard to many human disease biomarkers. In this review, we will give an overview on saliva and how it can be influenced by exogenous factors. As we focus on the potential use of saliva as a diagnostic tool in brain disorders(especially Alzheimer's disease), we will cover how saliva is linked to the brain. We will discuss that saliva is a heterogeneous human fluid, yet useful for the discovery of biomarkers in human disorders. However, a procedure and consensus that is controlled, validated, and standardized for the collection and processing of saliva is required, followed by a highly sensitive diagnostic approach.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease biomarkers diagnosis oral-gut-brain axis periodontitis saliva

Aggresome-aggrephagy transition process:geting closer to the functional roles of HDAC6 and BAG3

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1181-1182页

作者： Hagen Körschgen christian Behl The Autophagy Lab Institute of PathobiochemistryUniversity Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany

Misfolding of proteins as well as their aggregation is a major driver of age-related neurodegenerative ***,cells have evolved sophisticated protein quality control *** the ubiquitin-proteasome-system(UPS)and the autop... 详细信息

关键词： closer system transition

An open-source albedo-wand for the measurement of sea ice albedo

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Advances in Polar Science 2019年第2期30卷 106-117页

作者： christian KATLEIN Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz Zentrum für Polar-und Meeresforschung Takuvik Joint International Laboratory Université Laval and CNRS

Surface albedo is defined as the ratio of incident and reflected solar irradiance and describes the ability of a surface to reflect, rather than absorb incident solar shortwave radiation. It is thus a crucial parameter in the climate system, particularly in the polar oceans. Sea ice albedo is a main driver for light transmission into the polar oceans and thus has a high impact on ocean warming, ice melting and marine primary production. During spring and summer, sea ice albedo can exhibit a significant spatial variability caused by meltwater accumulations on the ice. While complex and expensive solutions for albedo measurements are already available, we want to present a simple open-source design that allows for affordable mapping of spatially varying surface albedo on sea ice and beyond. Our solution is based on off-the-shelf components, such as an Arduino microcontroller integrating affordable light sensors, a GPS unit, data recording on memory card and data display into a simple field strengthened unit. We provide example data from two Arctic field deployments showing the capabilities and limitations of this system.

关键词： sea ice albedo spatial variability mapping GPS open-source

Participatory Mapping of Local Disaster Risk Reduction Knowledge:An Example from Switzerland

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第1期5卷 41-54页

作者： christian Reichel Urte Undine Fromming Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology Freie Universitat Berlin14195 BerlinGermany

This article is based on comparative anthropological fieldwork conducted in the Alpine region of Switzerland on sustainable environmental knowledge about natural hazards related to climate *** examines ways to complement the normative and technological practices of risk management by using local knowledge to improve the resilience of affected communities against climate-related *** study shows how agricultural practices and knowledge may contribute to sustainable behavior towards nature and the *** explores how local environmental knowledge,perceptions,and handling strategies of climate-related risks may be integrated within a renewed concept of environmental *** GIS mapping(PGIS)is the primary research method *** on applied visual anthropological methods,PGIS is a cartographical approach that integrates local perceptions and strategies of action drawn from interviews and participant *** approach enables improved communication of local knowledge and contributes to interdisciplinary cooperation between different academic fields,such as social anthropology,geography,and civil-engineering in the context of technological risk *** approach encourages the active participation of local people in the process of sustainable risk management through the integration of cultural meanings and local knowledge about the sustainable management of sensitive natural environments.

关键词： Alps Environmental anthropology Natural hazards Participatory mapping Switzerland

Can mouse models mimic sporadic Alzheimer’s disease?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第3期15卷 401-406页

作者： Bettina M.Foidl christian Humpel Laboratory of Psychiatry and Experimental Alzheimer’s Research Medical University of Innsbruck

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia *** age is the main risk factor,>97%of all AD cases are of sporadic origin,potentiated by various risk factors associated with life style and starting at an age>60 ***<3%of AD cases are of genetic origin caused by mutations in the amyloid precursor protein or Presenilins 1 or 2,and symptoms already start at an age<30 *** order to study progression of AD,as well as therapeutic strategies,mouse models are *** far many transgenic mouse models have been developed and used,with mutations in the APP or presenilin or combinations(3×Tg,5×Tg).However,such transgenic mouse models more likely mimic the genetic form of AD and no information can be given how sporadic forms *** risk genes,such as Apolipoprotein E4 and TREM-2 enhance the risk of sporadic AD,but also many risk factors associated with life style(e.g.,diabetes,hypercholesterolemia,stress)may play a *** this review we discuss the current situation regarding AD mouse models,and the problems to develop a sporadic mouse model of AD.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease beta-amyloid cerebral amyloid angiopathy cognitive impairment sporadic and genetic mouse models tau vascular risk factors

Microstructure and Transformation Behavior of in-situ Shape Memory Alloys by Selective Laser Melting Ti-Ni Mixed Powder

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第9期29卷 863-867页

作者： Baicheng Zhang Jing Chen christian Coddet LERMPS Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard Site de Sévenans Laboratoire des Matériaux Macromoléculaires Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères

The selective laser melting （SLM） of Ti-Ni mixed powder with atomic ratio of 1：1 was performed in the present work in order to elaborate shape memory alloy （SMA）. The martensite phase of Ti-Ni alloy can be found by X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis under temperature field, moreover, the Ti2Ni phase at a high scanning velocity. The crystalline phase images also show that the synthesized Ti-Ni alloy possessed a refined martensite microstructure. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties, the microhardness and porosity were measured. The microhardness is relatively high about 400HVo.2 with champ temperature. Besides, the porosity is quite low due to the excellent laser energy absorptivity and meltability of Ni element. The differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） analysis shows that the transformation temperature from austenite phase to martensite phase is relatively high and stable.

关键词： Selective laser melting Microstructnre Shape memory alloy

Blockchain Use Cases Revisited:Micro-Lending Solutions for Retail Banking and Financial Inclusion

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Journal of Systems Science and Information 2021年第1期9卷 1-15页

作者： christian Hugo HOFFMANN Universily of Zurich Deputy Director of the Suwiss Fin Tech Innovation LabHead of Artificial Intelligence(AD)Plaltenstrasse 148032 ZurichSwilzerland

While blockchain technology is commonly considered potentially disruptive in various regards,there is a lack of understanding where and how blockchain technology is effectively applicable and where it has remarkable practical effects~([1]).Against this background,we present and discuss a case study at length on the impact of this technology in the concrete setting of small short-term loans in retail *** propose to banks a robust and scalable blockchain technology with proof of stake and limited energy consumption used to streamline their processes,resulting in lower transaction and administration *** is made possible by smart ***,we facilitate small scale lending at high frequencies and short-term duration as well as an easier and more efficient way to connect small borrowers and lenders.

关键词： design science blockchain smart contracts asymmetric information fintech microfinance

Spatial and temporal gradients in the rate of dust deposition and aerosol optical thickness in southwestern Iran

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第1期13卷 1-22页

作者： Mansour A FOROUSHANI christian OPP Michael GROLL Department of Geography Philipps-Universität MarburgMarburg 35037Germany

The southwestern Iran is one of the regions that are most prone to dust *** objective of this study is the analysis of the spatial and temporal distributions of dust deposition rate as a key factor for finding the relative impact of the ***,the monthly mean aerosol optical thickness(AOT)from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)was analyzed and compared with the dust amount variations from ground deposition rate(GDR),and the results were further used to investigate the spatial and temporal distributions of dust events in southwestern Iran for the period between 2014 and *** air mass trajectories,using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)model,were proven to be a discriminator of their local and regional *** results from GDR analysis produced a correlation coefficient between dust event history and deposition rates at dust magnitudes of>0.93 that is meaningful at the 95%confidence ***,the deposition rates varied from 3 g/m2 per month in summer to 10 g/m2 per month in spring and gave insight into the transport direction of the *** the same time series,AOT correspondences with MODIS on Terra in four aerosol thickness layers(clean,thin,thick,and strong thick)were shown in relation to each *** deepest mixed layers were observed in spring and summer with a thickness of approximately 3500 m above ground level in the study *** of ground-based observations were correlated with the same variations for each aerosol thickness layer from MODIS images and they can be applied to discriminate layers of aeolian dust from layers of other ***,dust distribution plots from AOT participated to enhance mass calculations and estimation deposition rates from the thick and strong thick aerosol thickness layers using the results from *** all the advances of AOT,under certain circumstances,ground-based observations are better able to represent aerosol co

关键词： aerosol optical thickness ground deposition rate HYSPLIT dust deposition Iran

A cost driven predictive maintenance policy for structural airframe maintenance

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2017年第3期30卷 1242-1257页

作者： Yiwei WANG christian GOGU Nicolas BINAUD christian BES Raphael T.HAFTKA Nam H.KIM Universite de Toulouse INSA/UPS/ISAE/Mines Albi ICA UMR CNRS 5312 Toulouse 31400 Frallce Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of Florida Gainesville 32611 USA

Airframe maintenance is traditionally performed at scheduled maintenance *** decision to repair a fuselage panel is based on a fixed crack size threshold,which allows to ensure the aircraft safety until the next scheduled maintenance *** progress in sensor technology and data processing techniques,structural health monitoring（SHM） systems are increasingly being considered in the aviation *** systems track the aircraft health state continuously,leading to the possibility of planning maintenance based on an actual state of aircraft rather than on a fixed *** paper builds upon a model-based prognostics framework that the authors developed in their previous work,which couples the Extended Kalman filter（EKF） with a firstorder perturbation（FOP） *** using the information given by this prognostics method,a novel cost driven predictive maintenance（CDPM） policy is proposed,which ensures the aircraft safety while minimizing the maintenance *** proposed policy is formally derived based on the trade-off between probabilities of occurrence of scheduled and unscheduled maintenance.A numerical case study simulating the maintenance process of an entire fleet of aircrafts is *** the condition of assuring the same safety level,the CDPM is compared in terms of cost with two other maintenance policies：scheduled maintenance and threshold based SHM *** comparison results show CDPM could lead to significant cost savings.

关键词： Extended Kalman filter First-order perturbation method Model-based prognostic Predictive maintenance Structural airframe maintenance