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Non-growing season soil CO_2 efflux and its changes in an alpine meadow ecosystem of the Qilian Mountains,Northwest China

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Journal of Arid Land 2013年第4期5卷 488-499页

作者： ZongQiang chang XiaoQing LIU Qi FENG ZongXi che HaiYang XI YongHong SU JianHua SI Alashan Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Gansu Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Center Academy of Water Resource Conservation Forests in Qilian Mountains of Gansu Province

Most soil respiration measurements are conducted during the growing *** tundra and boreal forest ecosystems,cumulative,non-growing season soil CO2 fluxes are reported to be a significant component of these systems＇ annual carbon ***,little information exists on soil CO2 efflux during the non-growing season from alpine ***,comparing measurements of soil respiration taken annually versus during the growing season will improve the accuracy of estimating ecosystem carbon budgets,as well as predicting the response of soil CO2 efflux to climate *** this study,we measured soil CO2 efflux and its spatial and temporal changes for different altitudes during the non-growing season in an alpine meadow located in the Qilian Mountains,Northwest *** experiments on the soil CO2 efflux of alpine meadow from the Qilian Mountains were conducted along an elevation gradient from October 2010 to April *** measured the soil CO2 efflux,and analyzed the effects of soil water content and soil temperature on this *** results show that soil CO2 efflux gradually decreased along the elevation gradient during the non-growing *** daily variation of soil CO2 efflux appeared as a single-peak *** soil CO2 efflux was low at night,with the lowest value occurring between 02：00-06：***,values started to rise rapidly between 07：00-08：30,and then descend again between 16：00-18：*** peak soil CO2 efflux appeared from 11：00 to 16：*** soil CO2 efflux values gradually decreased from October to February of the next year and started to increase in ***-growing season Q10 （the multiplier to the respiration rate for a 10℃ increase in temperature） was increased with raising altitude and average Q10 of the Qilian Mountains was generally higher than the average growing season Q10 of the Heihe River ***,non-growing season soil CO2 efflux was relatively high in October and early spring and low in the *** soil CO2

关键词： non-growing season soil CO2 efflux spatial and temporal variation alpine meadow Q10 values Qilian Mountains

Tension pneumocephalus following endoscopic resection of a mediastinal thoracic spinal tumor:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第2期10卷 725-732页

作者： Chao-Yuan chang cheng-che Hung Ju-Mien Liu cheng-Di Chiu Department of Neurosurgery China Medical University HospitalTaichung 40447Taiwan Department of Pathology Puli Christian HospitalNantou 54041Taiwan

BACKGROUND Pneumocephalus is a rare complication presenting in the postoperative period of a thoracoscopic *** report a case in which tension pneumocephalus occurred after thoracoscopic resection as well as the subsequent approach of surgical *** SUMMARY A 66-year-old man who received thoracoscopic resection to remove an intrathoracic,posterior mediastinal,dumbbell-shaped,pathology-proven neurogenic *** patient then reported experiencing progressively severe headaches,especially when in an upright position.A brain computed tomography scan at a local hospital disclosed extensive *** surgery for resection of the pseudomeningocele and repair of the cerebrospinal fluid leakage was thus arranged for the *** the operation,we traced the cerebrospinal fluid leakage and found that it might have derived from incomplete endoscopic clipping around the tumor stump near the dural sac at the T3 *** that,we wrapped and sealed all the possible origins of the leakage with autologous fat,tissue glue,gelfoam,and duraseal layer by *** patient recovered well,and the computed tomography images showed resolution of the *** This report and literature review indicated that the risk of developing a tension pneumocephalus cannot be ignored and should be monitored carefully after thoracoscopic tumor resection.

关键词： Tension pneumocephalus Neurogenic tumor Thoracoscope Case report

Effects of intravascular photobiomodulation on motor deficits and brain perfusion images in intractable myasthenia gravis: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第24期10卷 8718-8727页

作者： chiao-Hsin Lan Yu-che Wu cheng-Chun chiang Shin-Tsu chang School of Medicine National Defense Medical CenterTaipei 114201Taiwan Department of Medical Education and Research Kaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiung 813414Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Kaohsiung Veterans General HospitalKaohsiung 813414Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Tri-Service General HospitalTaipei 114202Taiwan

BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis(MG)is an autoimmune disorder caused by neuromuscular junction failure characterized by muscle weakness and *** herein report a case of MG that received intravascular laser irradiation of blood(ILIB)interventions and regained muscle power and better quality of *** our knowledge,no previous study has investigated the benefits of ILIB treatment on patients with *** also evaluated the changes in brain perfusion scan and the MG activities of daily living(MG-ADL)and quantitative MG(QMG)*** SUMMARY A 59-year-old man presented to our outpatient hospital experiencing ptosis,diplopia,fibromyalgia,muscle fatigue,and fluctuating weakness in his limbs for 1 *** on his history,physical examination,and laboratory investigations,the final diagnosis was a flare-up of MG with poor endurance and muscle *** patient agreed to receive *** single-photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)was performed both before and after ILIB *** receiving three courses of ILIB,the brain SPECT images showed greatly increased perfusion of the frontal lobe and anterior cingulate *** patient’s MG-ADL scale score decreased markedly from 17/24 to 3/*** QMG scale score also decreased remarkably from 32/39 to 9/*** symptoms of MG became barely detectable and the patient was able to perform his activities of daily living and regain muscle *** ILIB might have beneficial effects on MG,and brain SPECT images provided direct evidence of a positive correlation between ILIB and clinical performance.

关键词： Myasthenia gravis Intravascular laser irradiation of blood Myasthenia gravisactivities of daily living scale Quantitative myasthenia gravis scale Single-photon emission computed tomography Case report

Direct Photolithography of WO_x Nanoparticles for High-Resolution Non-Emissive Displays

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NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2025年第1期17卷 1-13页

作者： Gu, chang Yang, Guojian Wang, Wenxuan Shi, Aiyan Fang, Wenjuan Qian, Lei Hu, Xiaofei Zhang, Ting Xiang, Chaoyu Zhang, Yu-Mo Chinese Acad Sci Ningbo Inst Mat Technol & Engn Lab Optoelect Informat Technol & Devices Ningbo 315201 Peoples R China Qianwan Inst CNITECH Hangzhou Bay Lab Adv Nanooptoelectron Mat & Device Ningbo 315336 Peoples R China Zhejiang Univ Innovat Ctr Yangtze River Delta Smart Mat Architecture Res Lab Jiaxing 314100 Peoples R China Univ Sci & Technol China Hefei 230026 Peoples R China Jilin Univ Coll Chem State Key Lab Supramol Struct & Mat Changchun 130012 Peoples R China

High-resolution non-emissive displays based on electrochromic tungsten oxides (WOx) are crucial for future near-eye virtual/augmented reality interactions, given their impressive attributes such as high environmental stability, ideal outdoor readability, and low energy consumption. However, the limited intrinsic structure of inorganic materials has presented a significant challenge in achieving precise patterning/pixelation at the micron scale. Here, we successfully developed the direct photolithography for WOx nanoparticles based on in situ photo-induced ligand exchange. This strategy enabled us to achieve ultra-high resolution efficiently (line width m, the best resolution for reported inorganic electrochromic materials). Additionally, the resulting device exhibited impressive electrochromic performance, such as fast response ( 3600 cycles), as well as promising applications in electronic logos, pixelated displays, flexible electronics, etc. The success and advancements presented here are expected to inspire and accelerate research and development (R&D) in high-resolution non-emissive displays and other ultra-fine micro-electronics.

关键词： Electrochromic Direct photolithography WOx nanoparticles In situ photo-induced ligand exchange High-resolution displays

Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B by microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesized N-doped titanate nanotubes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第7期26卷 1505-1512页

作者： Caiyun Yan Ku-Fan chen chia-Hsiang Lai Shiau-Wu Lai Qing chang Yen-Ping Peng School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Department of Civil Engineering National Chi Nan University Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology College of Environment and Energy South China University of Technology

Microwave-induced nitrogen-doped titanate nanotubes（NTNTs） were characterized by transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）, Zeta potential analysis,specific surface area（SBET）, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. TEM results indicate that NTNTs retain a tubular structure with a crystalline multiwall and have a length of several hundred nanometers after nitrogen doping. XRD findings demonstrate that the crystalline structure of NTNTs was dominated by anatase, which is favored for photocatalytic application. The Ti-O-N linkage observed in the XPS N 1s spectrum is mainly responsible for narrowing the band gap and eventually enhancing the visible light photoactivity. FT-IR results demonstrated the existence of H3O＋, which could be excited by photo-generated holes to form hydroxyl radicals and degrade environmental pollutants. After sintering at 350°C, the UV-Vis absorbance edges of NTNTs significantly shift to the visible-light region, which indicates N atom doping into the nanotubes. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B（RhB） via NTNTs show good efficiency, with pseudo first-order kinetic model rate constants of 3.7 × 10-3, 2.4 × 10-3and 8.0 × 10-4sec-1at pH 3, 7, and 11, respectively.

关键词： Microwave hydrothermal Titanate nanotubes Photocatalytic degradation

Implications for fault reactivation and seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1081-1098页

作者： Zi-Han Sun Ming-Guang che Li-Hong Zhu Shu-Juan Zhang Ji-Yuan Lu chang-Yu Jin Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines School of Resources and Civil Engineering and Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Deep Engineering and Intelligent TechnologyNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development PetroChina Company LimitedBeijing100084China The Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Limited Company Daqing163458HeilongjiangChina

Evaluating the physical mechanisms that link hydraulic fracturing(HF) operations to induced earthquakes and the anticipated form of the resulting events is significant in informing subsurface fluid injection operations. Current understanding supports the overriding role of the effective stress magnitude in triggering earthquakes, while the impact of change rate of effective stress has not been systematically addressed. In this work, a modified critical stiffness was brought up to investigate the likelihood, impact,and mitigation of induced seismicity during and after hydraulic fracturing by developing a poroelastic model based on rate-and-state fraction law and linear stability analysis. In the new criterion, the change rate of effective stress was considered a key variable to explore the evolution of this criterion and hence the likelihood of instability slip of fault. A coupled fluid flow-deformation model was used to represent the entire hydraulic fracturing process in COMSOL Multiphysics. The possibility of triggering an earthquake throughout the entire hydraulic fracturing process, from fracturing to cessation, was investigated considering different fault locations, orientations, and positions along the fault. The competition between the effects of the magnitude and change rate of effective stress was notable at each fracturing stage. The effective stress magnitude is a significant controlling factor during fracturing events, with the change rate dominating when fracturing is suddenly started or stopped. Instability dominates when the magnitude of the effective stress increases(constant injection at each fracturing stage) and the change rate of effective stress decreases(the injection process is suddenly stopped). Fracturing with a high injection rate, a fault adjacent to the hydraulic fracturing location and the position of the junction between the reservoir and fault are important to reduce the Coulomb failure stress(CFS) and enhance the critical stiffness as

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing Coulomb failure stress Rate-and-state fraction model Linear stability analysis Critical stiffness Seismically induced fault

Federated Feature Concatenate Method for Heterogeneous Computing in Federated Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 351-371页

作者： Wu-Chun Chung Yung-Chin chang Ching-Hsien Hsu Chih-Hung chang che-Lun Hung Department of Information and Computer Engineering Chung Yuan Christian UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia UniversityTaichungTaiwan Department of Medical Research China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan Department of Computer Science&Communication Engineering Providence UniversityTaichungTaiwan Institute of Biomedical Informatics National Yang Ming Chiao Tung UniversityTaipeiTaiwan

Federated learning is an emerging machine learning techniquethat enables clients to collaboratively train a deep learning model withoutuploading raw data to the aggregation server. Each client may be equippedwith different computing resources for model training. The client equippedwith a lower computing capability requires more time for model training,resulting in a prolonged training time in federated learning. Moreover, it mayfail to train the entire model because of the out-of-memory issue. This studyaims to tackle these problems and propose the federated feature concatenate(FedFC) method for federated learning considering heterogeneous *** leverages the model splitting and feature concatenate for offloadinga portion of the training loads from clients to the aggregation server. Eachclient in FedFC can collaboratively train a model with different cutting ***, the specific features learned in the deeper layer of the serversidemodel are more identical for the data class classification. Accordingly,FedFC can reduce the computation loading for the resource-constrainedclient and accelerate the convergence time. The performance effectiveness isverified by considering different dataset scenarios, such as data and classimbalance for the participant clients in the experiments. The performanceimpacts of different cutting layers are evaluated during the model *** experimental results show that the co-adapted features have a criticalimpact on the adequate classification of the deep learning model. Overall,FedFC not only shortens the convergence time, but also improves the bestaccuracy by up to 5.9% and 14.5% when compared to conventional federatedlearning and splitfed, respectively. In conclusion, the proposed approach isfeasible and effective for heterogeneous clients in federated learning.

关键词： Federated learning deep learning artificial intelligence heterogeneous computing

LOGISTICS ScheDULING: ANALYSIS OF TWO-STAGE PROBLEMS

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Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2003年第4期12卷 385-407页

作者： Yung-chia chang Chung-Yee LEE Davicom America Corporation 1135 Kern Avenue Sunnyvale CA 94085 U.S.A.Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management Hong Kong University of Science & Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon Hong Kong

This paper studies the coordination effects between stages for scheduling problems where decision-making is a two-stage process. Two stages are considered as one system. The system can be a supply chain that links two stages, one stage representing a manufacturer; and the other, a distributor It also can represent a single manufacturer, while each stage represents a different department responsible for a part of operations. A problem that jointly considers both stages in order to achieve ideal overall system performance is defined as a system problem. In practice, at times, it might not be feasible for the two stages to make coordinated decisions due to (i) the lack of channels that allow decision makers at the two stages to cooperate, and/or (ii) the optimal solution to the system problem is too difficult (or costly) to achieve.Two practical approaches are applied to solve a variant of two-stage logistic scheduling problems. The Forward Approach is defined as a solution procedure by which the first stage of the system problem is solved first, followed by the second stage. Similarly, the Backward Approach is defined as a solution procedure by which the second stage of the system problem is solved prior to solving the first stage. In each approach, two stages are solved sequentially and the solution generated is treated as a heuristic solution with respect to the corresponding system problem. When decision makers at two stages make decisions locally without considering consequences to the entire system, ineffectiveness may result - even when each stage optimally solves its own problem. The trade-off between the time complexity and the solution quality is the main concern. This paper provides the worst-case performance analysis for each approach.

关键词： Logistics scheduling worst case analysis dynamic programming

A cost-benefit analysis for the implementation of riparian buffer strips in the Shihmen reservoir watershed

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2011年第3期26卷 393-399页

作者： chia-Ling chang Ying-Sung HSU Bing-Jean LEE Li-Jung WENG Department of Water Resources Engineering and Conservation Feng Chia University No.100 Wenhwa Rd. SeatwenTaichung40724TaiwanChina 3. No.100 Wenhwa Rd.SeatwenTaichung40724TaiwanChina Department of Civil Engineering Feng Chia University

The Shihmen reservoir is an important water source for about 3.4 million people in northern Taiwan. To protect reservoir water quality,it is necessary to conserve and manage the associated watersheds. Riparian buffer strips can trap pollutants emitted near a *** location and design of a buffer strip can influence its pollutant-trapping *** commitment of land for use as a riparian buffer strip must consider the project’s economic *** present research is a cost-benefit analysis of various possible land developments in the Shihmen reservoir *** study has applied a regression equation to evaluate pollutant-trapping efficiency levels of riparian buffer strips of various *** buffer strips have been evaluated in terms of net economic effectiveness and benefit-cost *** indicate that the optimal buffer strip width is 30 m for the Shihmen reservoir watershed.

关键词： Buffer strip Cost-benefit analysis Watershed conservation