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美国花生脱壳加工技术特点及启示

农业工程学报 2019年第11期35卷 287-298页

作者：陆荣高连兴 chen charles Butts c L 沈阳农业大学工程学院沈阳110866 辽宁生态工程职业学院沈阳110122 奥本大学农学院奥本AL36849 美国农业部农业研究局国家花生研究实验室道森GA31742

脱壳加工是花生进入消费领域前的关键环节,其技术与装备水平决定了花生果仁质量,关系到花生食品安全。美国先进而独特的花生脱壳加工技术,是其花生制品丰富及国际竞争力提升的重要原因之一。为发掘可供中国借鉴的技术和经验,在实地考察... 详细信息

脱壳加工是花生进入消费领域前的关键环节,其技术与装备水平决定了花生果仁质量,关系到花生食品安全。美国先进而独特的花生脱壳加工技术,是其花生制品丰富及国际竞争力提升的重要原因之一。为发掘可供中国借鉴的技术和经验,在实地考察基础上,运用社会调查法、文献研究法和经验总结法,从美国花生脱壳概念、加工分类及其重要性入手,系统分析了美国花生脱壳加工方式、脱壳厂及脱壳加工装备、典型花生脱壳工艺及装备配置流程。分析了美国花生收储、脱壳和销售的产地化、一体化和工厂化脱壳加工等特点。总结了花生脱壳技术和设备的最新进展,包括果仁储藏技术、典型花生脱壳加工工艺等技术和在脱壳加工装备总体构成中增加花生与果仁处理设备、独立驱动多滚筒花生脱壳机分级脱壳等。分析了中国花生脱壳技术概况和向双滚筒循环脱壳、设备大型化发展等最新进展。针对中国花生脱壳加工的主要问题,在分析中国国情和借鉴美国花生脱壳加工经验的基础上,提出了进一步加强脱壳技术研究、提高花生预处理、果仁精选技术与储藏技术、建立适当规模的花生收储与脱壳中心和提高花生产业有序化等发展建议。

关键词：农业机械技术加工花生脱壳收获后机械脱壳装备美国

carbon star cGcS 673 identified as a semi-regular variable star

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第11期20卷 235-238页

作者： Stephen M.Brincat charles Galdies Kevin Hills Flarestar Observatory(MPc 171) Fl.5/BGeorge Tayar StreetSan GwannSGN 3160Malta Institute of Earth Systems University of MaltaMsidaMSD 2080Malta Tacande Observatory(La Palma Spain)c/o 4 Grange DriveHartfordCheshire CW83AEUK

This study reports that the carbon star cGcS 673 is a semi-regular(SR)variable star with a period of 135 d and an amplitude of 0.18mag in the *** light curve obtained by this study correlates well with the SR classification as the photometric data obtained show noticeable periodicity in the light changes of cGcS 673 that is occasionally interrupted by a period of irregular *** derived period and colour index obtained from our data and those from professional databases indicate that the attributes of this star fall within the parameters of the SR class of variable *** our notification of the discovery that this star is a variable source,cGcS 673 has received the AAVSO Unique Identifier of(AAVSO UID)000-BMZ-492.

关键词： techniques photometric stars variables semi-regular variable stars individual cGcS

Nitric oxide: orchestrating hypoxia regulation through mitochondrial respiration and the endoplasmic reticulum stress response

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cell Research 2005年第1期15卷 63-65页

作者： Ian G. charles,Salvador MONcADA Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research University college London The cruciform Building Gower Street London Wc1E 6BT UK Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research University college London The cruciform Building Gower Street London Wc1E 6BT UK

Mitochondria have long been considered to be the powerhouse of the living cell, generating energy in the form of the molecule ATP via the process of oxidative phosphorylation. In the past 20 years, it has been recognised that they also play an important role in the implementation of apoptosis, or programmed cell death. More recently it has become evident that mitochondria also participate in the orchestration of cellular defence *** physiological concentrations, the gaseous molecule nitric oxide (NO) inhibits the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) in competition with oxygen. This interaction underlies the mitochondrial actions of NO, which range from the physiologi- cal regulation of cell respiration, through mitochondrial signalling, to the development of “metabolic hypoxia” – a situation in which, although oxygen is available, the cell is unable to utilise it.

关键词： nitric oxide hypoxia mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Measuring the physical and economic impact of filarial lymphoedema in chikwawa district,Malawi:a case-control study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 234-242页

作者： Michelle c.Stanton Masato Yamauchi Square Z.Mkwanda Paul Ndhlovu Dorothy Emmie Matipula charles Mackenzie Louise A.Kelly-Hope Department of Parasitology Liverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK Ministry of Health LilongweMalawi chikwawa District Health Office ChikwawaMalawi chiradzulu District Health Office ChiradzuluMalawi Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation Michigan State UniversityEast LansingUSA

Background:Lymphatic filariasis(LF)is one of the primary causes of lymphoedema in sub-Saharan Africa,and has a significant impact on the quality of life(QoL)of those *** this paper we assess the relative impact of lymphoedema on mobility and income in chikwawa district,***:A random sample of 31 people with lymphoedema and 31 matched controls completed a QoL questionnaire from which both an overall and a mobility-specific score were *** mobility tests were undertaken,namely the 10 m walking test[10MWT]and timed up and go[TUG]test,and a subset of 10 casescontrol pairs wore GPS data loggers for 3 weeks to measure their mobility in a more natural *** economic data was collected from all 31 case-control pairs,and each participant undertaking the GPS activity recorded daily earnings and health expenditure throughout the observation ***:cases had a significantly poorer overall QoL(cases=32.2,controls=6.0,Pcific(cases=43.1,controls=7.4,Pcores in comparison to *** were also significantly slower(Pcompleting the timed mobility tests,*** 10MWT speed of 0.83 m/s in comparison to 1.10 m/s for *** inconsistent relationship was observed between mobility-specific QoL scores and the timed test results for cases(10MWT correlation=−0.06,95%cI=(−0.41,0.30)),indicating that their perceived disability differed from their measured disability,whereas the results were consistent for controls(10MWT correlation=−0.61,95%cI=(−0.79,−0.34)).GPS summaries indicated that cases generally walk shorter distances at slower speeds than control,covering a smaller geographical area(median area by kernel smoothing:cases=1.25 km2,controls=2.10 km^(2),P=0.16).cases reported earning less than half that earned by controls per week(cases=$0.70,controls=$1.86,P=0.064),with a smaller proportion of their earnings(16%vs 22%,P=0.461)being spent on ***:Those affected by lymphoede

关键词： Lymphatic filariasis Lymphoedema Morbidity Malawi GPS Mobility Quality of life

A discourse on creating and rendering educational and cultural enrichment services to rural migrant workers by public libraries

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chinese Journal of Library and Information Science 2009年第2期2卷 14-31页

作者： WANG Zizhou charles c.Yan Department of Information Management Peking University

As far as china's enormous success in her economic reforms and development is concerned,chinese rural migrant workers indeed have had their biggest share of *** ironically in return,they have only received a disproportionate meager share of benefit *** people represent a huge economically deprived group at the bottom of the social totem pole in china's *** the whole as a social group,their educational attainment is relatively low as compared to their average urban *** such being the case,their rights to access some of the cost-free cultural and educational enrichment programs in the society are limited and not always *** and in general speaking,they manifest a strong and consistent desire to acquire all sorts of new and practical knowledge by means of accessing the resources and facilities of their local public *** is suggested in this paper that public libraries are in a good position to give strong support to the central government's strategic planning for the development of a public culture service systema).In implementing such a government initiative with an unswerving purpose of advancing social justice and equality,public libraries should strife to provide as many as possible their library services at no cost to the public,especially to those socially deprived rural migrant workers.

关键词： Rural migrant workers Library instructional services Public libraries' support of the national cultural policy

Thrust characteristics of nano-carbon/Al/oxygenated salt nanothermites for micro-energetic applications

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2023年第12期30卷 55-69页

作者： Ahmed Fahd Alex Baranovsky charles Dubois Jamal chaouki Sherif Elbasuney Shady Shokry chemical Engineering Department Ecole Polytechnique de MontrealMontrealH3C 3A7Canada Energetic Materials and Nanotechnology Research center Technical Research CenterCairo11765Egypt Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering Department University of WaterlooOntarioN2L 3G1Canada Head of Nanotechnology Research center Military Technical CollegeCairo11767Egypt Laser and Optoelectronics Research center Technical Research CenterCairo11765Egypt

combustion within small motors is key in the application-specific development of nanothermite-based micro-energetic systems. This study evaluates the performance of nanothermite mixtures in a converging-diverging nozzle and an open tube. Mixtures were prepared using nano-aluminum(n-Al),potassium perchlorate(KclO_(4)), and different carbon nanomaterials(cNMs) including graphene-oxide(GO), reduced GO, carbon nanotubes(cNTs) and nanofibers(cNFs). The mixtures were packed at different densities and ignited by laser beam. Performance was measured using thrust measurement,high-speed imaging, and computational fluid dynamics modeling, respectively. Thrust, specific impulse(ISP), volumetric impulse(ISV), as well as normalized energy were found to increase notably with cNM content. Two distinctive reaction regimes(fast and slow) were observed in combustion of low and high packing densities(20% and 55%TMD), respectively. Total impulse(IFT) and ISPwere maximized in the 5%GO/Al/KclO_4 mixture, producing 7.95 m N·s and 135.20 s respectively at 20%TMD, an improvement of 57%compared to a GO-free sample(5.05 m N·s and 85.88 s). cFD analysis of the motors over predicts the thrust generated but trends in nozzle layout and packing density agree with those observed experimentally;peak force was maximized by reducing packing density and using an open tube. The numerical force profiles fit better for the nozzle cases than the open tube scenarios due to the rapid nature of combustion. This study reveals the potential of GO in improving oxygenated salt-based nanothermites,and further demonstrates their applicability for micro-propulsion and micro-energetic applications.

关键词： Nanothermites Graphene oxide Reduced graphene oxide carbon nano material Oxygenated salts Laser ignition computational fluid dynamics

Recurrent ectopic pancreatitis of the jejunum and mesentery over a 30-year period

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第2期10卷 218-220页

作者： John cT Wong charlotte Robinson Edward c Jones Alison Harris charles Zwirewich Robert Wakefield Richard K Simons Eric M Yoshida Department of Medicine Department of Medicine 2775 Laurel StreetUniversity of British Columbia VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanadaV5Z 1M9 Department of Radiology Department of Medicine 2775 Laurel StreetUniversity of British Columbia VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanadaV5Z 1M9 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department of Medicine 2775 Laurel StreetUniversity of British Columbia VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanadaV5Z 1M9 Department of Surgery Department of Medicine 2775 Laurel StreetUniversity of British Columbia VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanadaV5Z 1M9 Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine 2775 Laurel StreetUniversity of British Columbia VancouverBritish ColumbiaCanadaV5Z 1M9

BAcKGROUND:Ectopic pancreas is defined as pancreatic tissue found outside its usual anatomical position,with no ductal or vascular communication with the native pancreas. We describe a case of ectopic pancreas of the small bowel and mesentery causing recurrent episodes of pancreatitis, initially suspected on computed tomography(cT)and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRcP),and confirmed on histological review of the resection. METHODS:A 67-year-old woman presented with clinical symptoms and biochemical evidence of *** had similar episodes over the past 30 years with unrevealing investigations,and was concluded to have idiopathic pancreatitis. She underwent cT and MRcP,with findings suggestive of ectopic pancreas,a diagnosis confirmed on histology of the resection. RESULTS:MRcP identified a mass in the proximal small bowel mesentery isointense to the native pancreas,with a small duct draining into a proximal jejunal *** resected specimen consisted of normal parenchyma with lobulated acinar tissue with scattered islets of Langerhans,an occasional ductular structure,and admixed areas of adipose *** patient remained asymptomatic with normal biochemistry six months post-operatively. cONcLUSION:In an individual with abdominal pain,elevated serum amylase/lipase,but imaging findings of a normal native pancreas,ectopic pancreatitis should be considered,and can be evaluated by cT and MRcP.

关键词： ectopic pancreas gastrointestinal tract endoscopic ultrasound computed tomography magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

Unplanned hospitalizations for metastatic cancers:The changing patterns of inpatient palliative care,discharge to hospice care,and in-hospital mortality in the United States

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Family Medicine and community Health 2017年第1期5卷 13-28页

作者： Jason L.Salemi charles c.chima Kiara K.Spooner Roger J.Zoorob Department of Family and community Medicine Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA

Objective:To describe the rates and temporal trends of inpatient end-of-life care among patients hospitalized with metastatic cancer in the United ***:We used data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample to conduct a cross-sectional analysis of unplanned inpatient hospitalizations of patients aged 18 years or older with metastatic cancer from 2002 to *** logistic regression was used to assess patient-and hospital-level predictors of discharge to hospice care,palliative care,and in-hospital *** trends in outcomes were characterized with use of joinpoint ***:There were an estimated 350,241 unplanned hospitalizations per year of patients with a diagnosis of metastatic *** their inpatient stay,5.8%of patients received palliative care,and among those discharged alive,12.2%were referred to hospice *** rate of inpatient palliative care increased from 2.3%to 13.6%,the rate of discharge to hospice care increased from 4.1%to 15.6%,and the in-hospital mortality rate decreased from more than 14.0%to 9.8%.These patterns were consistent across cancer subtypes,and were most pronounced among patients with extreme risk of ***:Despite increases in the provision of comfort-oriented care to patients with meta-static cancer,few receive such *** recommend screening protocols in hospitals to identify patients who are good candidates for palliative care consultation and hospice referral.

关键词： End-of-life hospice care inpatient mortality metastatic cancer palliative care unplanned hospitalization

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当前新药非临床安全性评价的趋势(英文)

中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2012年第1期26卷 1-3页

作者： charles c.ZHANG 戴仁科 Purdue Pharma LP CranburyNew Jersey 08512USA 中山珐玛斯医药科技有限公司广东中山528437

非临床药物安全性评价为新药的研发发挥了重要作用。人用药品注册技术要求国际协调会(IcH)新药研发指南M3(R2)是非临床药物安全性评价的方向性指导文献。正确的评价策略和相关毒理学研究应该一起综合考虑,以促进新药候选物高效、及时地... 详细信息

非临床药物安全性评价为新药的研发发挥了重要作用。人用药品注册技术要求国际协调会(IcH)新药研发指南M3(R2)是非临床药物安全性评价的方向性指导文献。正确的评价策略和相关毒理学研究应该一起综合考虑,以促进新药候选物高效、及时地向前发展,从而支持临床试验计划和市场登记进展。然而,随着发展成本增加和行业的竞争,毒性预测、动物模型和法规遵从性也是新药深入研发过程中非常重要的因素。此外,IcH其他指导文献,例如IcH S6和IcH S9,也是给新药深入研发带来冲击力很大的指导文献。因此,深入理解所有这些文献的本质意义对从事新药安全评价人员来说是很重要的,增强综合使用各方面总体知识的能力将促进新药深入研发更快、更好地实施。

关键词：非临床药物安全性 IcH指南毒理学新药研发小分子药物生物药物