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兰登的南瓜

初中生 2024年第21期 24-27页

作者： Vera Ogden bakker 赟赟(编译) 不详

勤勤尽地在花园里耙土、播种、浇水,劳动几个月后,兰登成功收获12个大南瓜。在这个过程中,他学会利用旧物,在寒冷的夜晚挽救了南瓜苗。除此之外,他还有哪些收获呢?

关键词：南瓜苗花园里兰登浇水大南瓜收获播种

DYNAMIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION FOR EFFICIENT PATIENT SCHEDULING： A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2017年第4期26卷 448-462页

作者： Monique bakker Kwok-Leung Tsui department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management City University of Hong Kong China

Efficient staff rostering and patient scheduling to meet outpatient demand is a very complex and dynamic task. Due to fluctuations in demand and specialist availability, specialist allocation must be very flexible and non-myopic. Medical specialists are typically restricted in sub-specialization, serve several patient groups and are the key resource in a chain of patient visits to the clinic and operating room （OR）. To overcome a myopic view of once-off appointment scheduling, we address the patient flow through a chain of patient appointments when allocating key resources to different patient groups. We present a new, data-driven algorithmic approach to automatic allocation of specialists to roster activities and patient groups. By their very nature, simplified mathematical models cannot capture the complexity that is characteristic to the system being modeled. In our approach, the allocation of specialists to their day-to-day activities is flexible and responsive to past and present key resource availability, as well as to past resource allocation. Variability in roster activities is actively minimized, in order to enhance the supply chain flow. With discrete-event simulation of the application case using empirical data, we illustrate how our approach improves patient Service Level （SL, percentage of patients served on-time） as well as Wait Time （days）, without change in resource capacity.

关键词： Patient scheduling dynamic rostering patient care path discrete-event simulation

Novel spin glasses by mechanical milling

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 1996年第4期39卷 354-368页

作者：周国富 H.bakker van der Waals-Zeeman Laboratorium Universiteit van AmsterdamValckenierstraat 65.1018 XE Amsterdam.Netherlands Present address: Philips Research Laboratories. Prof Holstlaan 4. 5656 AA Eindhoventhe Netherlands. van der Waals-Zeeman Laboratorium Universiteit van AmsterdamValckenierstraat 65.1018 XE Amsterdam.Netherlands

Novel spin-glass alloys were synthesized by milling intermetallic compounds and also by milling mixtures of crystalline elemental powder in a high-energy ball *** glass behaviour was found in amorphous Co2Ge,which was amorphised by milling in mechanically disordered crystalline GdAl2 in ball-milled crystalline and amorphous CoZr,and in mechanically alloyed Co-Cu,which formed a supersaturated *** *** these materials are binary alloys and tlie concentration of the magnetic element is high,which makes them novel types of spin *** is shown that ball milling may not only lead to structural metallic glasses,but can also generate the magnetic pendant of a structural glass,namely the spin glass.

关键词： spin glasses disorder phase transformation ball milling intermetallic compounds.

无动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的糖尿病成人患者预测和预防心力衰竭风险的最佳筛查方法:汇总队列分析

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中华高血压杂志 2024年第1期32卷 7-7页

作者： Patel KV Segar MW Klonoff DC Khan MS Usman MS Lam CSP Verma S.deFlilippis AP Nasir K bakker SJL Westenbrink BD Dullaart RPF Butler J Vaduganathan M Pandey A 袁源(译) 郑武洪(审校) 不详

尚无最佳筛查方法识别发展为心力衰竭的高风险糖尿病个体,以制定预防治疗措施,特别是对于未患动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD)的糖尿病个体。方法:研究纳入7项社区队列、基线时患有糖尿病但未... 详细信息

尚无最佳筛查方法识别发展为心力衰竭的高风险糖尿病个体,以制定预防治疗措施,特别是对于未患动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease,ASCVD)的糖尿病个体。方法:研究纳入7项社区队列、基线时患有糖尿病但未患心力衰竭的成年人。

关键词：动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病筛查方法成人患者预防治疗措施队列分析心力衰竭糖尿病高风险

Systematic review: The placebo effect of psychological interventions in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第12期23卷 2223-2233页

作者： Carla E Flik Laura bakker Wijnand Laan Yanda R van Rood André JPM Smout Niek J de Wit department of General Practice Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary CareUniversity Medical Centre Utrecht department of Psychiatry and Psychology St Antonius Hospital department of Psychiatry University Medical Centre department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Academic Medical Centre

AIM To determine the placebo response rate associated with different types of placebo interventions used in psychological intervention studies for irritable bowel syndrome. METHODS Randomized controlled trials comparing psychological interventions(stress management/relaxation therapy(cognitive) behavioral therapy, short-term psychodynamic therapy, and hypnotherapy) for the treatment of adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) diagnosed with the Manning or Rome criteria with an adequate placebo control treatment and reporting data on IBS symptom severity were identified by searching Pub Med, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Psyc INFO databases. Full-text articles that were written in English and published between 1966 and February 2016 in peer-reviewed journals were selected for the present review. Placebo interventions were considered to be adequate if the number of sessions and the amount of time spent with the therapist were the same as in the active treatment. The placebo response rate(PRR) was computed for IBS symptom severity(primary outcome measure) as well as for anxiety, depression and quality of life(secondary outcome measures). RESULTS Six studies, with a total of 555 patients met the inclusion criteria. Four studies used an educational intervention, whereas two studies used a form of supportive therapy as the placebo intervention. The PRR for IBS symptom severity ranged from 25% to 59%, with a pooled mean of 41.4%. The relative PRR for the secondary outcome measures ranged from 0% to 267% for anxiety, 6% to 52% for depression 20% to 125% for quality of life. The PRR associated with pharmacological treatments, treatment with dietary bran and complementary medicine ranged from 37.5% to 47%. Contrary to our expectations, the PRR in studies on psychological interventions was comparable to that in studies on pharmacological, dietary and alternative medical *** The PRR is probably determined to a larger extent by patient-re

关键词： Placebo effect Psychological interventions Irritable bowel syndrome Systematic review

Validation of material point method for soil fluidisation analysis

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2017年第3期29卷 431-437页

作者： Marco Bolognin Mario Martinelli Klaas J.bakker Sebastiaan N.Jonkman delft University of Technology DelftThe Netherlands deltares DelftThe Netherlands

The main aim of this paper is to describe and analyse the modelling of vertical column tests that undergo fluidisation by the application of a hydraulic gradient.A recent advancement of the material point method（MPM）,allows studying both stationary and non-stationary fluid flow while interacting with the solid *** fluidisation initiation and post-fluidisation processes of the soil will be investigated with an advanced MPM formulation（Double Point）in which the behavior of the solid and the liquid phase is evaluated separately,assigning to each of them a set of material points（MPs）.The result of these simulations are compared to analytic solutions and measurements from laboratory *** work is used as a benchmark test for the MPM double point formulation in the Anura3D software and to verify the feasibility of the software for possible future engineering applications.

关键词： Material point method fluidization liquefaction

Ultraviolet reflection enhances the risk of predation in a vertebrate

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 151-159页

作者： Ricarda MODARRESSIE IngolfE RICK Theo C. M. bakker Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of Bonn An der Immenburg 1 D-53121 Bonn Germany

Many animals are sensitive to ultraviolet light and also possess UV-reflective regions on their body surface. Individuals reflecting UV have been shown to be preferred during social interactions such as mate choice or shoaling decisions. However, whether those body UV-reflections enhance also the conspicuousness to UV-sensitive predators and therefore entail costs for its bearer is less well documented. Two size-matched three-spined sticklebacksGasterosteus aculeatus, one enclosed in a UV-transmitting (UV+) and another in a UV-blocking (UV-) chamber, were simultaneously presented to individual brown troutSalmo trutta. “yearlings”. Brown trout of this age are sensitive to the UV part of the electromagnetic spectrum and are natural predators of three-spined sticklebacks. The stickleback that was attacked first as well as the subsequent number of attacks was recorded. Sticklebacks enclosed in the UV-transmitting chamber were attacked first significantly more often compared to sticklebacks enclosed in the UV-blocking chamber. Control experiments using neutral density filters revealed that this was more likely due to UV having an influence on hue perception rather than brightness discrimination. The difference in attack probability corresponded to the difference in chromatic contrasts between sticklebacks and the experimental background calculated for both the UV+ and UVconditions in a physiological model of trout colour vision. UV reflections seem to be costly by enhancing the risk of predation due to an increased conspicuousness of prey. This is the first study in a vertebrate, to our knowledge, demonstrating direct predation risk due to UV wavelengths.

关键词：捕食风险脊椎动物紫外线反射对照实验攻击概率光敏感社会交往

Can root trait diversity explain complementarity effects in a grassland biodiversity experiment?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第1期11卷 73-84页

作者： Lisette M.bakker Liesje Mommer Jasper van Ruijven Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group Wageningen University&ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 3a6708 PB WageningenThe Netherlands

Aims The positive relationship between plant biodiversity and com-munity productivity is well ***,our knowledge about the mechanisms underlying these positive biodiversity effects is still *** of the main hypotheses is that com-plementarity in resource uptake is responsible for the positive biodiversity effects:plant species differ in resource uptake strat-egy,which results in a more complete exploitation of the avail-able resources in space and time when plant species are growing *** studies suggest that functional diversity of the community,*** diversity in functional characteristics(‘traits’)among species,rather than species richness per se,is important for positive biodiversity ***,experimental evidence for specific trait combinations underlying resource complemen-tarity is *** the root system is responsible for the uptake of nutrients and water,we hypothesize that diversity in root traits may underlie complementary resource use and contribute to the biodiversity *** In a common garden experiment,16 grassland species were grown in monoculture,4-species mixtures differing in root trait diversity and 16-species *** 4-species mixtures were designed to cover a gradient in average rooting ***-ground biomass was cut after one growing season and used as a proxy for plant productivity to calculate biodiversity *** Findings Overall,plant mixtures showed a significant increase in biomass and complementarity effects,but this varied greatly between ***,diversity in root traits(measured in a separate greenhouse experiment and based on literature)could not explain this variation in complementarity ***,complementa-rity effects were strongly affected by the presence and competitive interactions of two particular *** large variation in comple-mentarity effects and significant effect of two species emphasizes the importance of community composi

关键词： biodiversity effects resource complementarity trait diversity roots functional diversity grassland

Long-term changes in biological soil crust cover and composition

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 54-63页

作者： Eva dettweiler-Robinson Jeanne M Ponzetti Jonathan D bakker department of Biology University of New MexicoMSC0320201 University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 98131U.S.A. 2914 Central St.SE OlympiaWA 98501U.S.A. School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of WashingtonBox 354115SeattleWA98195-4115U.S.A.

Introduction:Communities change over time due to disturbances,variations in climate,and species *** soil crust communities are important because they contribute to erosion control and nutrient *** types may respond differently to changes in environmental conditions:single-celled organisms and bryophytes quickly recover after a disturbance,while lichens are slow growing and dominate favorable *** change in crusts has seldom been assessed using repeated *** this study,we hypothesized that changes in crust composition were related to disturbance,topographic position,and invasive ***:We monitored permanent plots in the Columbia Basin in 1999 and 2010 and compared changes in crust composition,cover,richness,and turnover with predictor variables of herbivore exclosure,elevation,heat load index,time since fire,presence of an invasive grass,and change in cover of the invasive ***:Bryophytes were cosmopolitan with high *** lichens did not change *** taxa differed by monitoring *** and total crust cover declined,and there was lower turnover outside of herbivore *** cover did not change *** that burned recently had high *** in taxon richness was correlated with presence of an invasive grass in *** in cover of the invasive grass was positively related to proportional loss and negatively related to ***:Composition and turnover metrics differed significantly over 11 years,though cover was more stable between *** study can be a baseline for assessing change in crust composition due to anthropogenic influences.

关键词： Biological soil crust Columbia basin Composition change Taxa turnover rate Fire Bromus tectorum Livestock exclosure