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A global analysis of CO_(2)and non-CO_(2)GHG emissions embodied in trade with Belt and road Initiative countries

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2020年第1期6卷 18-37,17页

作者： Jing Hou Xu Deng cecilia Han Springer Fei Teng Institute of Energy Environment and EconomyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy SchoolCambridgeMAUSA

Introduction:The Belt and road Initiative(BrI)is an important cooperative framework that increasingly affects the global economy,trade,and emission ***,most existing studies pay insufficient attention to consumption-based emissions,embodied emissions,and non-CO_(2) greenhouse gases(GHGs).This study constructs a GHG emissions database to study the trends and variations in production-based,consumption-based,and embodied emissions associated with BrI ***:We find that the per capita GHG emissions of BrI countries are lower than the global average but show significant variation within this *** also find that trade-embodied emissions between BrI countries and china are *** a group,BrI countries are anet exporter of GHGs,with a global share of net export emissions of about 20%.In 2011,nearly 80%of GHG export emissions from BrI countries flowed to non-BrI countries,and nearly 15%flowed to china;about 57%of GHG import emissions were from non-BrI countries,and about 38%were from ***:Therefore,this study concludes that the BrI should be used to coordinate climate governance to accelerate and strengthen the dissemination and deployment of low-emissions technologies,strategies,and policies within the BrI so as to avoid a carbon-intensive lock-in effect.

关键词： Belt and road Initiative(BrI) china consumption-based emissions non-CO_(2)greenhouse gas(NCO2) embodied emissions global multi-regional input-output model(MrIO)

refractory high-entropy alloys:A focused review of preparation methods and properties

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第11期142卷 196-215页

作者： Wei Xiong Amy X.Y.Guo Shuai Zhan Chain-Tsuan Liu Shan cecilia Cao Materials Genome Institute Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Hong Kong Institute of Advanced Study City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina

In recent years,high-entropy alloys(HEAs)have become prominent metallic materials due to their unique design strategies and excellent mechanical *** HEAs-inherent high-entropy,lattice-distortion,sluggish-diffusion,and cocktail effects make HEAs maintain high strength,oxidation resistance,corrosion resistance,wear resistance,and other excellent comprehensive properties,showing stronger competitiveness relative to traditional *** high-entropy alloys(rHEAs)are considered as a new kind of high-temperature materials with great application prospects due to their excellent mechanical properties and have the potential to replace nickel-based superalloy as the next generation of high-temperature *** reviewed the research status and preparation methods of rHEAs in recent years,including the metallurgical smelting,powder metallurgy,magnetron sputtering,and additive manufacturing *** microstructure and phase-transformation process of rHEAs were *** mechan-ical properties and main strengthening and toughening mechanisms of rHEAs,such as solid-solution strengthening,precipitation strengthening,and the transformation-induced plasticity(TrIP),were discussed,and the deformation mechanism of rHEAs was *** properties of rHEAs,including high strength,oxidation resistance,corrosion and wear resistance were *** will meet the huge market demand in the engineering materials field,but there are still many challenges,such as the tradeoff between high strength and high ductility,structural design,and performance optimization of rHEAs with brittle BCC *** believe that this combination of knowledge may shape the future of rHEAs and break through the mutually exclusive conundrum of high strength and high toughness for rHEAs.

关键词： refractory high-entropy alloy Preparation technology Phase transformation Mechanical properties Strengthening and toughening mechanisms Deformation mechanisms

A constitutive model incorporating grain refinement strengthening on metallic alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第29期88卷 233-239页

作者： Shan cecilia Cao Xiaochun Zhang Yuan Yuan Pengyau Wang Lei Zhang Na Liu Yi Liu Jian Lu Material Genome Institute Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Computer Science University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA College of Material and Textile Engineering Jiaxing UniversityZhejiang 314001.China School of Mechatronics Engineering and Automation Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China CityU-Shenzhen Futian research Institute Shenzhen 518045China Centre for Advanced Structural Materials City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research InstituteGreater Bay Joint DivisionShenyang National Laboratory for Materials ScienceShenzhen 518057China

Surface nano-crystallization techniques have been recently developed as one of the most effient ways to optimize materials'structure,and therefore develop the local and global mechanical behavior as to increase strength without compromising *** this work,we present a constitutive model incorporating grain refinement hardening to simulate the nano-crystallization technique,specifically,surface mechanical attrition *** computation is implemented using user-defined VUMAT *** an example of its application,a geometry model with full coverage of random impacts are *** results show that the model has rather precise predictability of grain size evolution during plastic *** readily embedded with a computational code of material dynamics enables this novel model to be a promising tool to study the dynamic evolution of microstructures under plastic deformation.

关键词： Surface grain refinement Constitutive model Full coverage random impact Surface mechanical attrition treatment(SMAT)

Predicting surface deformation during mechanical attrition of metallic alloys

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 843-857页

作者： Shan cecilia Cao Xiaochun Zhang Jian Lu Yongli Wang San-Qiang Shi robert O.ritchie Department of Materials Science&Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Department of Mechanical Engineering City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Mechanical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong Kong Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Extensive efforts have been devoted in both the engineering and scientific domains to seek new designs and processing techniques capable of making stronger and tougher *** such method for enhancing such damage-tolerance in metallic alloys is a surface nano-crystallization technology that involves the use of hundreds of small hard balls which are vibrated using high-power ultrasound so that they impact onto the surface of a material at high speed(termed Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment or SMAT).However,few studies have been devoted to the precise underlying mechanical mechanisms associated with this technology and the effect of processing *** SMAT is dynamic plastic deformation process,here we use random impact deformation as a means to investigate the relationship between impact deformation and the parameters involved in the processing,specifically ball size,impact velocity,ball density and kinetic *** analytical and numerical solutions,we examine the size of the indents and the depths of the associated plastic zones induced by random impacts,with results verified by experiment in austenitic stainless *** addition,global random impact and local impact frequency models are developed to analyze the statistical characteristics of random impact coverage,together with a description of the effect of random multiple impacts,which are more reflective of *** believe that these models will serve as a necessary foundation for further,and more energy-efficient,development of such surface nano-crystalline processing technologies for the strengthening of metallic materials.

关键词： deformation alloys metallic

Biomedical applications of the powder-based 3D printed titanium alloys:A review

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第30期125卷 252-264页

作者： Amy X.Y.Guo Liangjie Cheng Shuai Zhan Shouyang Zhang Wei Xiong Zihan Wang Gang Wang Shan cecilia Cao Materials Genome Institute Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

3D printing technology is a new type of precision forming technology and the core technology of the third industrial *** powder-based 3D printing technology of titanium and its alloys have received great attention in biomedical applications since its advantages of custom manufacturing,costsaving,time-saving,and resource-saving *** particular,the personalized customization of 3D printing can meet specific needs and achieve precise control of micro-organization and structural *** purpose of this review is to present the most advanced multi-material 3D printing methods for titanium-based *** first reviewed the bone tissue engineering,the application of titanium alloy as bone substitutes and the development of manufacturing technology,which emphasized the advantages of 3D printing technology over traditional manufacturing *** is more,the optimization design of the hierarchical structure was analyzed to achieve the best mechanical properties,and the biocompatibility and osseointegration ability of the porous titanium alloy after implantation in living bodies was ***,we emphasized the development of digital tools such as artificial intelligence,which provides new ideas for the rational selection of processing *** 3D printing titanium-based alloys will meet the huge market demand in the biomedical field,but there are still many challenges,such as the trade-off between high strength and low modulus,optimization of process parameters and structural *** believe that the combination of mechanical models,machine learning,and metallurgical knowledge may shape the future of metal printing.

关键词： The powder-based 3D printing technology Ti-based alloys Biomedical applications Artificial intelligence

Insights into the hydrogen evolution reaction in vanadium redox flow batteries:A synchrotron radiation based X-ray imaging study

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第4期91卷 132-144页

作者： Kerstin Köble Alexey Ershov Kangjun Duan Monja Schilling Alexander rampf Angelica cecilia TomášFaragó Marcus Zuber Tilo Baumbach roswitha Zeis Helmholtz Institute Ulm Karlsruhe Institute of Technology89081 UlmGermany Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76131 KarlsruheGermany Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron radiation Karlsruhe Institute of Technology76344 Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany Department of Electrical Electronicsand Communication EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)91058 ErlangenGermany Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoToronto M5S 3G8OntarioCanada

The parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction(HEr)in the negative half-cell of vanadium redox flow batteries(VrFBs)causes severe efficiency ***,a deeper understanding of this process and the accompanying bubble formation is *** benchmarking study locally analyzes the bubble distribution in thick,porous electrodes for the first time using deep learning-based image segmentation of synchrotron X-ray *** large three-dimensional data set was processed precisely in less than one minute while minimizing human errors and pointing out areas of increased HEr activity in *** study systematically varies the electrode potential and material,concluding that more negative electrode potentials of-200 m V *** hydrogen electrode(rHE)and lower cause more substantial bubble formation,resulting in bubble fractions of around 15%–20%in carbon felt ***,the bubble fractions stay only around 2%in an electrode combining carbon felt and carbon *** detected areas with high HEr activity,such as the border subregion with more than 30%bubble fraction in carbon felt electrodes,the cutting edges,and preferential spots in the electrode bulk,are potential-independent and suggest that larger electrodes with a higher bulk-to-border ratio might reduce HEr-related performance *** described combination of electrochemical measurements,local X-ray microtomography,AI-based segmentation,and 3D morphometric analysis is a powerful and novel approach for local bubble analysis in three-dimensional porous electrodes,providing an essential toolkit for a broad community working on bubble-generating electrochemical systems.

关键词： Vanadium redox flow battery Synchrotron X-ray imaging Tomography Hydrogen evolution reaction Gas bubbles Deep learning

The Myth of the ‘Land-Grab’

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Beijing review 2014年第36期57卷 22-23页

作者： cecilia Tortajada the Institute of Water Policy Lee Kuan Yew School of Public PolicyNational University of Singapore

china＇s rapid rise has generated mixed feelings the world over, and nowhere do emotions run higher than in the debate over farmland ownership.

关键词：神话土地所有权

Fine-mapping and validation of the genomic region underpinning pear red skin colour

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Horticulture research 2019年第1期6卷 1607-1613页

作者： Satish Kumar Chris Kirk cecilia Hong Deng Claudia Wiedow Mengfan Qin richard Espley Jun Wu Lester Brewer The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food research Limited Hawkes Bay Research CentreHavelock NorthNew Zealand The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food research Limited Palmerston North Research CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food research Limited Mount Albert Research CentreAucklandNew Zealand Centre of Pear Engineering Technology research Nanjing Agricultural University210095 NanjingChina The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food research Limited Motueka Research CentreMotuekaNew Zealand

red skin colour is an important target trait in various pear breeding *** this study,the genetic control of red skin colour was investigated in an interspecific population derived using the descendants of the red sport European pear cultivar‘Max red Bartlett’(MrB)and the red-blushed Chinese pear cultivar‘Huobali’.Approximately 550 seedlings from nine families were phenotyped for red skin over-colour coverage(Ocolcov)and the intensity of red over-colour(Ocolint)on a 0–9 scale,and genotyped using ***-wide association analyses were conducted using 7500 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs).Genomic regions on linkage groups(LG)4 and 5 were found to be associated,and the best SNP(S578_25116)on LG4 accounted for~15%of phenotypic variation in Ocolcov and *** association of S578_25116 with Ocolcov and Ocolint was successfully validated in a sample of~200 European and Asian pear *** association with red skin at locus S578_25116 was not present in Asian pear accessions,suggesting its close proximity to the MrB’s Cardinal *** putative candidate genes,including MYB transcription factors(PCP027962 and PCP027967),were identified in the quantitative trait locus region on LG4 and await functional validation.

关键词： cultivar breeding colour

Effect of pediatric Tuina on children's recurrent acute respiratory tract infections: a retrospective cohort study in Southern china

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2024年第3期44卷 586-594页

作者： YIN Lingjia STALSBY LUNDBOrG cecilia WU Darong YANG Jinghua ALVESSON Helle Molsted CAI Jianxiong LU Taoying XIE Qianwen MArrONE Gaetano Department of Global Public Health Karolinska InstitutetStockholm 17177Swede State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120China Outcome Assessment research Team in Chinese Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120China Health Construction Administration Centre Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120China Department of Pediatrics the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou510120China

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of pediatric Tuina(PT) in preventing recurrent acute respiratory tract infections(ArTIs) in children. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study based on the electronic medical records of children with recurrent ArTIs in 2016. Children were divided into a PT group or a non-PT group, according to whether they had received PT or not in 2016. The primary outcome was the number of ArTI episodes in 2017 and 2018. The secondary outcomes were the number of ArTIs leading to outpatient department visits and outpatient antibiotic prescriptions due to ArTIs in the same time period. Negative binomial regressions were used to detect the association between PT and the outcomes. rESULTS: A total of 2303 children were included in the analysis, including 94 in the PT group and 2209 in the non-PT group. Children who received PT six or more times in 2016 had fewer episodes of ArTIs in 2017 [incidence rate ratio(Irr): 0.59, 95% confidence interval(CI)(0.42-0.84)] and 2018 [Irr: 0.58, 95% CI(0.36-0.94)] and fewer outpatient department visits due to ArTIs in 2017 [Irr: 0.56, 95% CI(0.38-0.83)] than children who had not received PT in 2016. There was no significant difference in the number of outpatient antibiotic prescriptions between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: receiving PT six or more times within one year is associated with a decrease in recurrent ArTIs in children in the following two years. randomized controlled trials are needed for effect evaluation prior to establishing PT as a method for preventing recurrent ArTIs among children.

关键词： child massage pediatric Tuina respiratory tract infections