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CT Thresholds for Spinal Bone Mineral Attenuation to Prioritize Eligible Older Women for Osteoporosis Screening

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Open Journal of Radiology 2024年第2期14卷 92-101页

作者： Seo Yeon K. Orite bryn Higuchi Hyo-Chun Yoon Lana H. Gimber St. Elizabeths Medical Center Brighton MA USA University of California Irvine CA USA Kaiser Permanente Division of Research Oakland CA USA Department of Diagnostic Imaging Hawaii Permanente Medical Group Honolulu HI USA

Introduction: Computed tomography (CT) measurements of bone mineral attenuation may be a useful means to identify older women who should be prioritized for bone mineral density screening. Methods: We compared bone mineral attenuation as measured in the L1 vertebra of CT studies to the results of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) studies to determine what CT attenuation thresholds might yield a reasonable combination of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of osteoporosis. The study was limited to women between the ages of 65 and 75 years who had a DEXA study and a CT that included the L1 or adjacent vertebra performed within 3 years of the DEXA study. Results: There were 1226 women in this study, of whom 452 (38%) had osteoporosis based on a T-score ≤ −2.5 by DEXA. There were 830 CT studies performed with contrast and 396 studies which were performed without contrast. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean HU of those studies performed without contrast compared to those with contrast (unenhanced mean 103 HU versus 125 HU, p < 0.001). Different CT attenuation thresholds provided the most appropriate combination of sensitivity and specificity for the detection of osteoporosis when comparing CT studies performed without or with IV contrast and when all the CT data were used in aggregate. Conclusion: Different thresholds appear necessary when using the mean CT vertebral attenuation to identify older women for preferential referral for DEXA studies.

关键词： Osteoporosis Bone Mineral Attenuation CT Threshold

Taming the beast:a revised classification of Cortinariaceae based on genomic data

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Fungal Diversity 2022年第1期112卷 89-170页

作者： Kare Liimatainen Jan T.Kim Lisa Pokorny Paul M.Kirk bryn Dentinger Tuula Niskanen Jodrell Laboratory Royal Botanic GardensKewSurrey TW93ABUK Department of Computer Science School of PhysicsEngineering and Computer ScienceUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldHertfordshire AL109ABUK Institut Botànic de Barcelona(IBB CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona)08038 BarcelonaCataloniaSpain Biodiversity Informatics and Spatial Analysis Jodrell LaboratoryRoyal Botanic GardensKewSurrey TW93ABUK Natural History Museum of Utah and School of Biological Sciences University of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA Botanical Museum University of HelsinkiP.O.Box 700014 HelsinkiFinland

Family Cortinariaceae currently includes only one genus,Cortinarius,which is the largest Agaricales genus,with thousands of species *** species are important ectomycorrhizal fungi and form associations with many vascular plant gen-era from tropicals to arctic *** Cortinarius contains a lot of morphological variation,and its complexity has led many taxonomists to specialize in particular on infrageneric *** previous attempts to divide Cortinarius have been shown to be unnatural and the phylogenetic studies done to date have not been able to resolve the higher-level classification of the group above section *** approaches have revolutionized our view on fungal relationships and provide a way to tackle difficult *** used both targeted capture sequencing and shallow whole genome sequencing to produce data and to perform phylogenomic analyses of 75 single-copy genes from 19 *** addition,a wider 5-locus analysis of 245 species,from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres,was also *** on our results,a classification of the family Cortinariaceae into ten genera-Cortinarius,Phlegmacium,Thaxterogaster,Calonarius,Aureonarius,Cystinarius,Volvanarius,Hygronarius,Mystinarius,and Austrocortinarius-is *** genera,10 subgenera,and four sec-tions are described as new to science and five subgenera are introduced as new combinations in a new *** addition,41 section names and 514 species names are combined in new genera and four lecto-and epitypes *** position of Stephanopus in suborder Agaricineae remains to be *** capture sequencing is used for the first time in fungal taxonomy in *** provides a cost-efficient way to produce-omics data in species-rich ***-omics data was produced from fungarium specimens up to 21 years old,demonstrating the value of museum specimens in the study of the fungal tree of *** study is the first family revision in Agaricales based on genomi

关键词： Agaricales Fungariomics Fungi HybPiper Museomics Targeted capture sequencing Whole genome sequencing

Review of laser diagnostics at the Vulcan laser facility

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2015年第3期3卷 3-12页

作者： Ian Musgrave Marco Galimberti Alexis Boyle Cristina Hernandez-Gomez Andrew Kidd bryn Parry Dave Pepler Trevor Winstone John Collier Central Laser Facility Science and Technology Facilities CouncilRAL

In this paper we review the provision of the laser diagnostics that are installed on the Vulcan laser facility. We will present strategies for dealing with the energy of high energy systems and with ways of handling the beam sizes of the lasers. We present data captured during typical experimental campaigns to demonstrate their reliability and variation in shot to shot values.

关键词： calorimeter high power laser laser diagnostics pulse energy

Spatial distribution and network morphology of epicardial,endocardial,interstitial,and Purkinje cell-associated elastin fibers in porcine left ventricle

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第1期19卷 348-359页

作者： Xiaodan Shi Song Zhang Yue Liu bryn Brazile Jim Cooley J.Ryan Butler Sara R.McMahan Karla L.Perez Jiazhu Xu Timothy Eastep Kytai T.Nguyen Pietro Bajona Matthias Peltz Huajian Gao Yi Hong Jun Liao Department of Bioengineering University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX76010USA College of Engineering and College of Veterinary Medicine Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS39762USA School of Engineering Brown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA College of Engineering Nanyang Technical University308232Singapore Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX75390USA Allegheny Health Network-Drexel University College of Medicine PittsburghPA15212USA

Cardiac extracellular matrices(ECM)play crucial functional roles in cardiac *** studies have mainly focused on collagen,the major structural ECM in heart *** role of elastin in cardiac mechanics,however,is poorly *** this study,we investigated the spatial distribution and microstructural morphologies of cardiac elastin in porcine left *** demonstrated that the epicardial elastin network had location-and depth-dependency,and the overall epicardial elastin fiber mapping showed certain correlation with the helical heart muscle fiber *** compared to the epicardial layer,the endocardial layer was thicker and has a higher elastin-collagen ratio and a denser elastin fiber network;moreover,the endocardial elastin fibers were finer and more wavy than the epicardial elastin fibers,all suggesting various interface *** myocardial interstitial elastin fibers co-exist with the perimysial collagen to bind the cardiomyocyte bundles;some of the interstitial elastin fibers showed a locally aligned,hinge-like structure to connect the adjacent cardiomyocyte *** collagen-elastin combination reflects an optimal design in which the collagen provides mechanical strength and elastin fibers facilitate recoiling during ***,cardiac elastin fibers,along with collagen network,closely associated with the Purkinje cells,indicating that this ECM association could be essential in organizing cardiac Purkinje cells into“fibrous”and“branching”morphologies and serving as a protective feature when Purkinje fibers experience large deformations in *** short,our observations provide a structural basis for future in-depth biomechanical investigations and biomimicking of this long-overlooked cardiac ECM component.

关键词： Heart ECM Epicardial elastin Endocardial elastin Interstitial elastin Purkinje-cell associated elastin

Spatial Transferability of Vegetation Types in Distribution Models Based on Sample Surveys from an Alpine Region

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2018年第1期10卷 111-141页

作者： Linda Aune-Lundberg Anders bryn Division of Survey and Statistics Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Troms&#248 Norway Division of Survey and Statistics Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research &#197 s Norway Natural History Museum University of Oslo Oslo Norway

Vegetation mapping using field surveys is expensive. Distribution modelling, based on sample surveys, might overcome this challenge. We tested if models trained from sample surveys could be used to predict the distribution of vegetation types in neighbourhood areas, and how reliable the spatial transferability was. We also tested whether we should use ecological dissimilarity or spatial distance to foresee modelling performance. Maximum entropy models were run for three vegetation types based on a vegetation map within a mountain range. Environmental variables were selected backwards, model complexity was kept low. The models are based on points from a small part of each study site, transferred into the entire sites, and then tested for performance. Environmental distance was tested using principle component analysis. All models had high uncorrected AUC values. The ability to predict presences correctly was low. The ability to predict absences correctly was high. The ability to transfer the distribution model depended on environmental distance, not spatial distance.

关键词： Area Frame Survey Ecological Distance GIS Independent Evaluation Data Maximum Entropy Modelling Vegetation Mapping

A Mini-Review and Perspective on Current Best Practice and Emerging Industry 4.0 Methods for Risk Reduction in Advanced Composites Manufacturing

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Open Journal of Composite Materials 2021年第2期11卷 31-45页

作者： bryn Crawford Hamid Khayyam Abbas S. Milani Composites Research Network School of Engineering University of British Columbia Kelowna Canada School of Engineering RMIT University Melbourne Melbourne Australia

The manufacturing of composite structures is a highly complex task with inevitable risks, particularly associated with aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty of both the materials and processes, as well as the need for in-situ decision-making to mitigate defects during manufacturing. In the context of aerospace composites production in particular, there is a heightened impetus to address and reduce this risk. Current qualification and substantiation frameworks within the aerospace industry define tractable methods for risk reduction. In parallel, Industry 4.0 is an emerging set of technologies and tools that can enable better decision-making towards risk reduction, supported by data-driven models. It offers new paradigms for manufacturers, by virtue of enabling in-situ decisions for optimizing the process as a dynamic system. However, the static nature of current (pre-Industry 4.0) best-practice frameworks may be viewed as at odds with this emerging novel approach. In addition, many of the predictive tools leveraged in an Industry 4.0 system are black-box in nature, which presents other concerns of tractability, interpretability and ultimately risk. This article presents a perspective on the current state-of-the-art in the aerospace composites industry focusing on risk reduction in the autoclave processing, as an example system, while reviewing current trends and needs towards a Composites 4.0 future.

关键词： Advanced Composites Manufacturing Quality Control Uncertainty Knowledge Engineering Industry 4.0 Machine Learning Limited Data Modeling

Encyclopedia of Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Genes

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Virologica Sinica 2009年第5期24卷 359-414页

作者： David P. A. Cohen Martin Marek bryn G. Davies Just M. Vlak Monique M. van Oers Wageningen University Laboratory of Virolo Box 629 6700AP wageningen The Netherlands Généthon Department of Bioprocess Development Evry France University of York YCR Cancer Research Dept. of Biology Heslington York United Kingdom

The Autographa californica multiple capsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) was the first baculovirus for which the complete nucleotide sequence became known. Since then 15 years lapsed and much research has been performed to elucidate putative functions of the annotated open reading frames of this virus and this endeavour is still ongoing. AcMNPV is the most well-known and well-studied baculovirus species, not in the least for its application as a vector for the high-level expression of foreign genes in insect cells. This article is the first monograph of a single baculovirus and gives a current overview of what is known about the 151 AcMNPV ORFs, including (putative) function and temporal and spatial presence of transcripts and protein. To date 60 ORFs have a proven function, another 19 ORFs have homologs for which functions are known in other baculoviruses and 72 ORFs are still enigmatic. This paper should assist the reader in quickly finding the essentials of AcMNPV.

关键词：基因载体百科全书夜蛾核多角体病毒杆状病毒核苷酸序列开放阅读框昆虫细胞

Towards Reliability-Enhanced Mechanical Characterization of Non-Crimp Fabrics: How to Compare Two Force-Displacement Curves against a Null Material Hypothesis

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Open Journal of Composite Materials 2019年第2期9卷 164-182页

作者： Samia Sultana Armin Rashidi Mohammad Islam bryn Crawford Abbas S. Milani Composites Research Network-Okanagan Laboratory School of Engineering University of British Columbia Kelowna Canada

Detailed characterization of fabric reinforcements is necessary to ensure the quality of manufactured composite parts, and subsequently to prevent structural failure during service. A lack of consensus and standardization exists in selecting test methods for the mechanical characterization of fabrics. Moreover, in reality, during any experimentation there are sources of uncertainties which may result in inconsistencies in the interpretation of data and the comparison of different testing methods. The aim of this article is to show how simple statistical data analysis methods may be used to enhance the characterization of composite fabrics under individual and combined loading modes while accounting for inherent material/test uncertainties. Results using a typical glass non-crimp fabric (NCF) show that, statistically, there are significant differences between the warp and weft direction responses of a presumably balanced NCF under all deformation modes, with weft yarns being generally stiffer. Moreover, the statistical significance of warp-weft couplings under both simultaneous and sequential biaxial-shear loading modes became statistically evident, when compared to a pure biaxial deformation.

关键词： Textile Composites Material Characterization Statistical Methods

Implementing physically active learning:Future directions for research,policy,and practice

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第1期9卷 41-49,F0003页

作者： Andy Daly-Smith Thomas Quarmby Victoria S.J.Archbold Ash C.Routen Jade L.Morris Catherine Gammon John B.Bartholomew Geir Kare Resaland bryn Llewellyn Richard Allman Henry Dorling School of Sport Leeds Beckett UniversityLeedsLS63QSUK School of Sport Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityE152GZUK School of Health Promotion and Human Performance Eastern Michigan UniversityYpsilantiMI 48197USA Centre for Diet and Activity Research MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB21TNUK Department of Kinesiology and Health Education The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78705USA Center for Physically Active Learning Faculty of EducationArts and SportsWestern Norway University of Applied SciencesSogndal5020 BergenNorway Tagtiv8 Ltd and Move&Learn LeedsWF27BSUK School of Sport Health and Social ScienceSolent UniversitySouthamptonSO 14 ORTUK

Purpose'. To identify co-produced multi-stakeholder perspectives important for successful widespread physically active learning (PAL) adoptionand ***: A total of 35 stakeholders (policymakers ≪ = 9;commercial education sector, ≪ = 8;teachers, w = 3;researchers, w = 15) attended adesign thinking PAL workshop. Participants formed 5 multi-disciplinary groups with at least 1 representative from each stakeholder group. Eachgroup, facilitated by a researcher, undertook 2 tasks: (1) using Post-it Notes, the following question was answered: within the school day, whatare the opportunities for learning combined with movement? and (2) structured as a washing-line task, the following question was answered:how can we establish PAL as the norm? All discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed. Inductive analyses were conducted by 4 *** the analyses were complete, the main themes and subthemes were assigned to 4 predetermined categories: (1) PAL design and implementation,(2) priorities for practice, (3) priorities for policy, and (4) priorities for ***'. The following were the main themes for PAL implementation: opportunities for PAL within the school day, delivery environments,learning approaches, and the intensity of PAL. The main themes for the priorities for practice included teacher confidence and competence,resources to support delivery, and community of practice. The main themes for the policy for priorities included self-governance, the Office forStandards in Education, Children's Services, and Skill, policy investment in initial teacher training, and curriculum reform. The main themes forthe research priorities included establishing a strong evidence base, school-based PAL implementation, and a whole-systems ***-. The present study is the first to identify PAL implementation factors using a combined multi-stakeholder perspective. To achievewider PAL adoption and implementation, future interventions should be ev

关键词： Physical activity Physically active learning Policy School