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C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the soil microbial biomass in a grazed grassland site under experimental P limitation or exces

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 66-76页

作者： bryan s griffiths Annette spilles Michael Bonkowski Teagasc Environment Research CentreJohnstown CastleWexfordCoWexfordIreland Current address:sAC King's BuildingsWest Mains RoadEdinburgh EH93JGUK Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät der Universität zu Köln Zoologisches Institut Abt.TerrestrischeÖkologieBiowissenschaftliches ZentrumOtto-Fischer-Str.6D-50674KölnGermany

Introduction:The availability of essential nutrients,such as nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),can feedback on soil carbon(C)and the soil microbial *** cycles can be supplemented by agricultural fertiliser addition,and we determined whether the stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the microbial biomass could be affected by an unbalanced nutrient ***:samples were taken from a long-term trial(in effect since 1968)with annual applications of 0,15 and 30 kg P ha^(−1) with constant N and *** and microbial biomass CNP contents were measured and nutrient limitation assessed by substrate-induced *** regression and discriminant analyses were used to identify the variables explaining nutrient ***:soil and biomass CNP increased with increasing P fertiliser,and there was a significant,positive,correlation between microbial biomass P and biomass C,apart from at the highest level of P fertilisation when the microbial biomass was over-saturated with *** molar ratios of C:N:P in the microbial biomass remained constant(homeostatic)despite large changes in the soil nutrient *** growth was generally limited by C and N,except in soil with no added P when C and P were the main limiting nutrients.C,N and P,however,did not explain all the growth limitation on the soils with no added ***:Increased soil C and N were probably due to increased net primary *** results confirm that C:N:P ratios within the microbial biomass were constrained(***)under near optimum soil *** with no added P were characterised by strong microbial P limitation and soils under high P by over-saturation of microorganisms with *** changes in biomass C:P can be indicative of nutrient limitation within a site.

关键词： Carbon Nitrogen Nutrient limitation Phosphorus soil microbial biomass stoichiometry

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Contribution of bacterivorous nematodes to soil resistance and resilience under copper or heat stress

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soil Ecology Letters 2020年第3期2卷 220-229页

作者： Xiaoyun Chen Wenfeng Xue Jingrong Xue bryan s.griffiths Manqiang Liu soil Ecology Lab College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China sRUC Crop and Soil Systems Research GroupWest Mains RoadEdinburghEH93JGUK Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization Nanjing 210095China

The functional performance of soil ecosystems following disturbance determines ecosystem stability,and although contributions of bacterivorous nematodes to soil ecosystems are recognized,their roles in functional stability have received little *** objective of this study was to evaluate the roles of bacterivorous nematodes in functional stability following *** a factorial laboratory experiment,soil microcosms were prepared with two levels of nematode abundance,either an enriched abundance of bacterivores(Nema soil)or background abundance of nematodes(CK soil),and three levels of stress,copper,heat,or an unstressed *** resistance and resilience of nematode abundance,as well as soil microbial function by determining decomposition of plant residues and microbial substrate utilization pattern using a BIOLOG microplate,were followed post *** relative changes of two dominant bacterivores,Acrobeloides and Protorhabditis,responded differently to *** resistance and resilience of Protorhabditis were greater than that of Acrobeloides to copper stress during the whole incubation period,while both bacterivores only showed higher resilience under heat stress at the end of *** enrichment of bacterivores had no significant effects on the soil microbial resistance but significantly increased its resilience to copper *** heat stress,the positive effect of bacterivores on soil resilience was only evident from 28 days to the end of *** differences in the responses of soil function to stress with or without bacterivores suggested that soil nematodes could be conducive to ecosystem stability,highlighting the soil fauna should be taken into account in soil sustainable management.

关键词： stress soil resistant soil resilience Bacterivores Functional stability

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Brain endothelial cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAs)-stimulator of interferon genes(sTING)signaling pathway in aging and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2005-2007页

作者： bryan sun Lulin Li Jian Luo Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA Polytrauma system of Care VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAs)-stimulator of interferon genes(sTING)signaling pathway has emerged as a key mediator of *** current studies primarily attribute its effects to neurons and glial cells,emerging research suggests that cGAs-sTING signaling may play a critical role in cerebral vasculature,particularly in brain endothelial ***,studying the role 7of inflammation caused by the cGAs-sTING pathway in brain endothelial cells could provide a more comprehensive understanding of neuroinflammatory disease and new avenues for therapeutic ***,we review the multifaceted role of global cGAs-sTING signaling in various neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases and the potential contribution of cGAs-sTING in brain endothelial cells.

关键词： stimulator interferon inflammation

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CONCURRENT PRODUCT PORTFOLIO PLANNING AND MIXED PRODUCT AssEMBLY LINE BALANCING

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2007年第1期20卷 96-99页

作者： bryan April HU s Jack KOREN Yoram Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA

Reconfigurable products and manufacturing systems have enabled manufacturers to provide ＂cost effective＂ variety to the market. In spite of these new technologies, the expense of manufacturing makes it infeasible to supply all the possible variants to the market for some industries. Therefore, the determination of the right number of product variantsto offer in the product portfolios becomes an important consideration. The product portfolio planning problem had been independently well studied from marketing and engineering perspectives. However, advantages can be gained from using a concurrent marketing and engineering approach. Concurrent product development strategies specifically for reconfigurable products and manufacturing systems can allow manufacturers to select best product portfolios from marketing, product design and manufacturing perspectives. A methodology for the concurrent design of a product portfolio and assembly system is presented. The objective of the concurrent product portfolio planning and assembly system design problem is to obtain the product variants that will make up the product portfolio such that oversupply of optional modules is minimized and the assembly line efficiency is maximized. Explicit design of the assembly system is obtained during the solution of the problem. It is assumed that the demand for optional modules and the assembly times for these modules are known a priori. A genetic algorithm is used in the solution of the problem. The basic premise of this methodology is that the selected product portfolio has a significant impact on the solution of the assembly line balancing problem. An example is used to validate this hypothesis. The example is then further developed to demonstrate how the methodology can be used to obtain the optimal product portfolio. This approach is intended for use by manufacturers during the early design stages of product family design.

关键词： Product portfolio Assembly system design Assembly line balancing Concurrent design and manufacturing Optimization

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Nitric oxide and geriatrics:Implications in diagnostics and treatment of the elderly

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2011年第4期8卷 230-242页

作者： Ashley C Torregrossa Mayank Aranke Nathan s bryan Texas Therapeutics Institute Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at Houston1825 Pressler St.530CHoustonTX 77030USA The University of Texas at Austin University StationAustinTX 78712USA The University of Texas Graduate school of Biomedical sciences 6767 Bertner Av.HoustonTX 77030USA

The nation’s aging population is growing *** 2030,the number of adults age 65 and older will nearly double to 70 *** are living longer and older adults can now live for many years with multiple chronic illnesses but with a substantial cost to health *** percent of the Medicare population has at least five chronic conditions i.e.,hypertension,diabetes,arthritis,*** in experimental models and even humans reveal that constitutive production of nitric oxide(NO)is reduced with aging and this circumstance may be relevant to a number of diseases that plague the aging *** is a multifunctional signaling molecule,intricately involved with maintaining a host of physiological processes including,but not limited to,host defense,neuronal communication and the regulation of vascular *** is one of the most important signaling molecules in our body,and loss of NO function is one of the earliest indicators or markers of *** studies provide evidence that insufficient NO production is associated with all major cardiovascular risk factors,such as hyperlipidemia,diabetes,hypertension,smoking and severity of atherosclerosis,and also has a profound predictive value for disease progression including cardiovascular and Alzheimers *** plus years after its discovery and over 13 years since a Nobel Prize was awarded for its discovery,there have been no hallmark therapeutic breakthroughs or even NO based *** will review the current state of the science surrounding NO in the etiology of a number of different diseases in the geriatric *** these observations,it can be concluded that enzymatic production of NO declines steadily with increasing age in healthy human *** strategies to diagnose and treat NO insufficiency may provide enormous benefit to the geriatric patient.

关键词： nitrite nitrate cardiovascular disease Alzheimer’s disease bloodflow circulation

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A Comparison of Mamdani and sugeno Fuzzy Based Packet scheduler for MANET with a Realistic Wireless Propagation Model

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2015年第1期12卷 1-13页

作者： Oche Alexander Egaji Alison griffiths Mohammad s.Hasan Hong-Nian Yu Faculty of Computing Engineering and Sciences Staffordshire University Faculty of science and Technology Bournemouth UniversityFern Barrow Pool Dorset UK

The mobile nature of the nodes in a wireless mobile ad-hoc network(MANET) and the error prone link connectivity between nodes pose many challenges. These include frequent route changes, high packet loss, etc. such problems increase the end-toend delay and decrease the throughput. This paper proposes two adaptive priority packet scheduling algorithms for MANET based on Mamdani and sugeno fuzzy inference system. The fuzzy systems consist of three input variables: data rate, signal-to-noise ratio(sNR) and queue size. The fuzzy decision system has been optimised to improve its efficiency. Both fuzzy systems were verified using the Matlab fuzzy toolbox and the performance of both algorithms were evaluated using the riverbed modeler(formally known as OPNET modeler). The results were compared to an existing fuzzy scheduler under various network loads, for constant-bit-rate(CBR) and variable-bit-rate(VBR) traffic. The measuring metrics which form the basis for performance evaluation are end-to-end delay, throughput and packet delivery ratio. The proposed Mamdani and sugeno scheduler perform better than the existing scheduler for CBR traffic. The end-to-end delay for Mamdani and sugeno scheduler was reduced by an average of 52 % and 54 %, *** performance of the throughput and packet delivery ratio for CBR traffic are very similar to the existing scheduler because of the characteristic of the traffic. The network was also at full capacity. The proposed schedulers also showed a better performance for VBR traffic. The end-to-end delay was reduced by an average of 38 % and 52 %, respectively. Both the throughput and packet delivery ratio(PDR) increased by an average of 53 % and 47 %, respectively. The Mamdani scheduler is more computationally complex than the sugeno scheduler, even though they both showed similar network performance. Thus, the sugeno scheduler is more suitable for real-time applications.

关键词： Riverbed modeler variable-bit-rate(VBR) constant-bit-rate(CBR) signal-to noise ratio(sNR) wireless mobile ad-hoc network(MANET)

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Regulation of the sQUAMOsA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE genes/microRNA 156 Module by the Homeodomain Proteins PENNYWIsE and POUND-FOOLIsH in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2011年第6期4卷 1123-1132页

作者： shruti Lal Leo bryan Pacis Harley M.s. smith Genetics Genomics and Bioinformatics Graduate Program University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Center for Plant Cell Biology Institute of Integrative Genome Biology Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

The morphology of inflorescences is regulated in part by the temporal and spatial events that regulate flower specification. In Arabidopsis, an endogenous flowering time pathway mediated by a subset of sQUAMOsA PROMOTER- BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE （sPL） transcription factors, including sPL3, sPL4, and sPL5, function to specify flowers by activating floral meristem identity genes. During shoot development, sPL3, sPL4, and sPL5 are post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNA156 （miR156）. The photoperiod regulated florigenic signal, FLOWERING LOCUs T （FT）, promotes floral induction, in part by activating sPL3, sPL4, and sPL5. In turn, these sPLs function in parallel with FT to specify flower meristems. Two related BELLl-like homeobox genes PENNYWIsE （PNY） and POUND-FOOLIsH （PNF） expressed in the shoot apical meristem are absolutely required for the specification of floral meristems. Genetic studies show that the floral specification function of FT depends upon PNYand PNF; however, the interplay between these homeodomain proteins and sPLs is not known. In this manuscript, we show that the photoperiodic floral induction of sPL3, sPL4, and sPL5 is dependent upon PNY and PNE Further, PNY and PNF also control sPL3, sPL4, and sPL5 expression by negatively regulating miR156. Lastly, ectopic expres- sion of sPL4 partially rescues the pny pnf non-flower-producing phenotype, while overexpression of sPL3 or sPL5 in pny pnf plants was unable to restore flower specification. These results suggest that：（1） sPL3, sPL4, and sPL5 function is dependent upon PNY and PNF, or （2） expression of multiple sPLs is required for floral specification in pny pnf plants.

关键词： Development meristem homeodomain flowering microRNA.

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Impacts of late Quaternary environmental change on the long-tailed ground squirrel(Urocitellus undulatus)in Mongolia

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Zoological Research 2018年第5期39卷 364-372页

作者： bryan s.McLean Batsaikhan Nyamsuren ANDrey Tchabovsky Joseph A.Cook University of Florida Florida Museum of Natural History Department of Biology School of Arts and Sciences National University of Mongolia Laboratory of Population Ecology A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of New Mexico Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology

Impacts of Quaternary environmental changes on mammal faunas of central Asia remain poorly understood due to a lack of comprehensive phylogeographic sampling for most *** help address this knowledge gap,we conducted the most extensive molecular analysis to date of the long-tailed ground squirrel （Urocitellus undulatus Pallas 1778） in Mongolia,a country that comprises the southern core of this species＇ *** on material from recent collaborative field expeditions,we genotyped 128 individuals at two mitochondrial genes （cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase Ⅰ;1797 bp total）.Phylogenetic inference supports the existence of two deeply divergent infraspecific lineages （corresponding to subspecies *** and ***）,a result in agreement with previous molecular investigations but discordant with patterns of range-wide craniometric and external phenotypic *** the widespread western eversmanni lineage,we recovered geographically-associated clades from the：（a） Khangai,（b） Mongolian Altai,and （c） Govi Altai mountain *** structure in *** is consistent with an isolation-by-distance model;however,genetic distances are significantly lower than among subspecies,and intra-clade relationships are largely *** latter patterns,as well as the relatively higher nucleotide polymorphism of populations from the Great Lakes Depression of northwestern Mongolia,suggest a history of range shifts into these lowland areas in response to Pleistocene glaciation and environmental change,followed by upslope movements and mitochondrial lineage sorting with Holocene *** study illuminates possible historical mechanisms responsible for *** genetic structure and contributes to a framework for ongoing exploration of mammalian response to past and present climate change in central Asia.

关键词： Central Asia Gobi Desert Great LakesDepression Mongolia Phylogeography

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Navigating reflux disease after achalasia treatments:Balancing risks and benefits

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第21期30卷 2740-2743页

作者： Ewen A griffiths Enoch Wong Department of Upper Gastrointestinal surgery University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWWest MidlandsUnited Kingdom Department of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTWest MidlandsUnited Kingdom

The peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)procedure has revolutionized the management of achalasia in many centres around the world as it offers patients a minimally invasive endoscopic solution to their dysphagia caused by *** its success in alleviating dysphagia,concerns regarding postoperative gastroesophageal reflux disease have emerged as a pertinent issue which are not fully *** this study,Nabi et al have comprehensively reviewed the topic of the prediction,prevention and management of gastroesophageal reflux after *** is a purely endoscopic procedure which is usually performed without any anti-reflux *** patients may be better served by a laparoscopic Heller’s myotomy and fundoplication and it is important that gastroenterologists and surgeons provide comprehensive risks and benefits of each achalasia treatment option so that patients can decide what treatment is best for *** article by Nabi et al provides a comprehensive review of the current status of this issue to allow these discussions to occur.

关键词： Achalasia Gastro-esophageal reflux disease Laparoscopic heller’s myotomy Peroral endoscopic myotomy Fundoplication

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Characterization and evolutionary dynamics of complex regions in eukaryotic genomes

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science China(Life sciences) 2019年第4期62卷 467-488页

作者： José Ranz bryan Clifton Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Irvine

Complex regions in eukaryotic genomes are typically characterized by duplications of chromosomal stretches that often include one or more genes repeated in a tandem array or in relatively close proximity. Nevertheless, the repetitive nature of these regions,together with the often high sequence identity among repeats, have made complex regions particularly recalcitrant to proper molecular characterization, often being misassembled or completely absent in genome assemblies. This limitation has prevented accurate functional and evolutionary analyses of these regions. This is becoming increasingly relevant as evidence continues to support a central role for complex genomic regions in explaining human disease, developmental innovations, and ecological adaptations across phyla. With the advent of long-read sequencing technologies and suitable assemblers, the development of algorithms that can accommodate sample heterozygosity, and the adoption of a pangenomic-like view of these regions, accurate reconstructions of complex regions are now within reach. These reconstructions will finally allow for accurate functional and evolutionary studies of complex genomic regions, underlying the generation of genotype-phenotype maps of unprecedented resolution.

关键词： complex genomic regions sequencing technologies genome assembly structural variation tandem gene duplicates,evolutionary novelty

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