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Nephropathy in dietary hyperoxaluria:A potentially preventable acute or chronic kidney disease

World Journal of Nephrology 2014年第4期3卷 122-142页

作者： Robert H Glew Yijuan Sun bruce l horowitz Konstantin N Konstantinov Marc Barry Joanna R Fair larry Massie Antonios H Tzamaloukas Department of Surgery University of New Mexico School of Medicine Renal Section Raymond G Murphy Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center and Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of Medicine Division of Nephrology Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of Medicine Rheumatology Section Raymond G Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of MedicineUniversity of New Mexico School of Medicine Department of Pathology University of New Mexico School of Medicine Radiology Service Raymond G Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of RadiologyUniversity of New Mexico School of Medicine Pathology Section Raymond G Murphy VA Medical Center and Department of PathologyUniversity of New Mexico School of Medicine

Hyperoxaluria can cause not only nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis,but also renal parenchymal disease histologically characterized by deposition of calcium oxalate crystals throughout the renal parenchyma,profound tubular damage and interstitial inflammation and *** nephropathy presents clinically as acute or chronic renal failure that may progress to endstage renal disease(ESRD).This sequence of events,well recognized in the past in primary and enteric hyperoxalurias,has also been documented in a few cases of dietary *** of oxalate intake in patients with chronic dietary hyperoxaluria who developed chronic kidney disease or ESRD were comparable to the reported average oxalate content of the diets of certain populations worldwide,thus raising the question whether dietary hyperoxaluria is a primary cause of ESRD in these *** addressing this question have the potential of improving population health and should be undertaken,alongside ongoing studies which are yielding fresh insights into the mechanisms of intestinal absorption and renal excretion of oxalate,and into the mechanisms of development of oxalate-induced renal parenchymal *** preventive and therapeutic strategies for treating all types of hyperoxaluria are expected to develop from these studies.

关键词： Dietary hyperoxaluria Chronic oxalatenephropathy Acute oxalate nephropathy Acute tubular necrosis Interstitial nephritis Nephrocalcinosis Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis Oxalate transporters Inflammasomes

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Surgical or medical treatment of obesity-associated type 2 diabetesan increasing clinical conundrum

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第10期15卷 2036-2040页

作者： Ryan J Jalleh Karen l Jones Md Shahidul Islam lu Cai Michael horowitz Adelaide Medical School and Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health University of Adelaide Endocrine and Metabolic Unit Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000South AustraliaAustralia Department of Biochemistry School of Life SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalDurban 4000KwaZulu-NatalSouth Africa Pediatric Research Institute Departments of PediatricsRadiation OncologyPharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of LouisvilleWendy Novak Diabetes InstituteNorton Children’s HospitalLouisvilleKY 40202United States

In this editorial,we comment on the article by He et al,specifically in relation to the efficacy of bariatric surgery vs glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(GlP-1RA)therapy in the management of type 2 diabetes(T2D)associated with *** surgery has now also been shown to be safe and effective in pre-teens and teenagers with obesity and T2D,but information on newer GlP-1RAs in these groups is predictably *** older individuals(age>65 years),both bariatric surgery and GlP-1RA therapy improve cardiovascular ***-tric surgery is not infrequently associated with post-operative postprandial hypoglycemia,which is not the case with GlP-1RAs and,paradoxically,there is evidence that GlP-1RAs may reduce both the frequency and severity of postprandial *** trials of the long-term efficacy of bariatric surgery and GlP-1RAs are indicated.

关键词： Glucagon-like peptide-1 Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist Obesity Diabetes Weight loss Bariatric surgery Metabolic surgery Hypoglycemia

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Multinuclear MR and MRI study of lithium-ion cells using a variable field magnet and a fixed frequency RF probe

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Magnetic Resonance letters 2024年第1期4卷 10-20页

作者： Andrés Ramírez Aguilera Florin Marica Kevin J.Sanders Md Al Raihan C.Adam Dyker Gillian R.Goward bruce *** UNB MRI Centre Department of PhysicsUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada Department of Chemistry McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4L8Canada Department of Chemistry University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada

An exploratory multinuclear magnetic resonance(MR)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)study was performed on lithium-ion battery cells with ^(7)li,^(19)F,and ^(1)H measurements.A variable field superconducting magnet with a fixed frequency parallel-plate radiofrequency(RF)probe was employed in the *** magnetic field was changed to set the resonance frequency of each nucleus to the fixed RF probe frequency of 33.7 *** cartridge-like lithium-ion cells,with graphite anodes and liNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.3)Co_(0.2)O_(2)(NMC)cathodes,were *** cell was pristine,and one was charged to a cell voltage of 4.2 *** results presented demonstrate the great potential of the variable field magnet approach in multinuclear measurement of lithium-ion *** methods open the door for developing faster and simpler methods for detecting,quantifying,and interpreting MR and MRI data from lithium-ion and other batteries.

关键词： Multinuclear MR/MRI Variable field magnet lithium-ion battery Parallel-plate rf probe

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Upper gastrointestinal function and glycemic control in diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第35期12卷 5611-5621页

作者： Reawika Chaikomin Christopher K Rayner Karen l Jones Michael horowitz University of Adelaide Department of Medi-cine Royal Adelaide Hospital North Terrace Adelaide South Australia 5000 Australia

Recent evidence has highlighted the impact of glycemic control on the incidence and progression of diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications, and on cardiovascular risk in the non-diabetic population. Postprandial blood glucose concentrations make a major contribution to overall glycemic control, and are determined in part by upper gastrointestinal function. Conversely, poor glycemic control has an acute, reversible effect on gastrointestinal motility. Insights into the mechanisms by which the gut contributes to glycemia have given rise to a number of novel dietary and pharmacological strategies designed to lower postprandial blood glucose concentrations.

关键词： Blood glucose Diabetes mellitus Gastric Emptying Gastrointestinal motility Hyperglycemia

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Approaches to antiretroviral therapy in China

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Cell Research 2005年第Z1期15卷 895-902页

作者： bruce l GIllIAM Robert R REDFIElD Division of Clinical Care and Research Institute of Human Virology University of Maryland Baltimore MD 21201 USA

China has recognized the threat of HIV to its population and responded with a national antiretroviral treatment (ART) program. However, high ART failure rates and the spread of resistance within populations are important realities to consider when developing and managing ART programs in China and worldwide. Concepts which will define treatment success and local and national programmatic goals are 1) access to ART, 2) durability of ART at the patient level, 3) scalability of treatment modalities, and the 4) sustainability of the program at the community or national level. In the face of limited resources, China must also consider when to start ARV therapy, which agents to use, when to switch them, and how to treat highly experienced patients with drug resistance. The optimal ARV regimen to start with is changing frequently with the introduction of new agents and the presentation of new data. Currently, a regimen including tenofovir, emtricitabine or lamivudine and a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor appears to have optimal characteristics to treat HIV/AIDS in China. However, critical to all of these choices is the evaluation of programs implemented to insure wide scale success. China has wisely begun this process of evaluating the perfor- mance of local programs through systematic monitoring and evaluation of treatment outcomes. This will allow regi- mens and programs that work to be expanded, and programs with high failure rates to be eliminated. In the end, evidence based data supporting treatment strategies will allow China to successfully confront its AIDS epidemic early and prevent its tragic consequences

关键词： antiretroviral therapy scalability HIV/AIDS.

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New insights into the vitamin D requirements during pregnancy

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Bone Research 2017年第3期5卷 161-176页

作者： bruce W Hollis Carol l Wagner Department of Pediatrics Darby Children's Research Institute Medical University of South Carolina

Pregnancy represents a dynamic period with physical and physiological changes in both the mother and her developing fetus. The dramatic 2-3 fold increase in the active hormone 1,25（OH）2D concentrations during the early weeks of pregnancy despite minimal increased calcium demands during that time of gestation and which are sustained throughout pregnancy in both the mother and fetus suggests an immunomodulatory role in preventing fetal rejection by the mother. While there have been numerous observational studies that support the premise of vitamin D＇s role in maintaining maternal and fetal well-being, until recently, there have been few randomized clinical trials with vitamin D supplementation. One has to exhibit caution, however, even with RCTs, whose results can be problematic when analyzed on an intent-to-treat basis and when there is high non-adherence to protocol （as if often the case）, thereby diluting the potential good or harm of a given treatment at higher doses. As such, a biomarker of a drug or in this case ＂vitamin＂ or pre-prohormone is better served. For these reasons, the effect of vitamin D therapies using the biomarker circulating 25（OH）D is a far better indicator of true ＂effect.＂ When pregnancy outcomes are analyzed using the biomarker 25（OH）D instead of treatment dose, there are notable differences in maternal and fetal outcomes across diverse racial/ethnic groups, with improved health in those women who attain a circulating 25（OH）D concentration of at least 100 nmol. l-1 （40 ng. ml-1）. Because ,an important issue is the timing or initiation of vitamin D treatment/supplementation, and given the potential effect of vitamin D on placental gene expression and its effects on inflammation within the placenta, it appears crucial to start vitamin D treatment before placentation （and trophoblast invasion）; however, this question remains unanswered. Additional work is needed to decipher the vitamin D requirements of pregnant women and the optimal timing of s

关键词： New insights into the vitamin D requirements during pregnancy

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Propulsive matrix of a helical flagellum

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第11期23卷 51-56页

作者：张何朋刘斌 bruce Rodenborn Harry l.Swinney Department of Physics and Astronomy and Institute of Natural Sciences School of Natural Sciences University of California Department of Physics and Center for Nonlinear Dynamics University of Texas at Austin

We study the propulsion matrix of bacterial flagella numerically using slender body theory and the regularized Stokeslet method in a biologically relevant parameter regime. All three independent elements of the matrix are measured by computing propulsive force and torque generated by a rotating flagellum, and the drag force on a translating flagellum. Nu- merical results are compared with the predictions of resistive force theory, which is often used to interpret micro-organism propulsion. Neglecting hydrodynamic interactions between different parts of a flagellum in resistive force theory leads to both qualitative and quantitative discrepancies between the theoretical prediction of resistive force theory and the numerical results. We improve the original theory by empirically incorporating the effects of hydrodynamic interactions and propose new expressions for propulsive matrix elements that are accurate over the parameter regime explored.

关键词： low-Reynolds-number flows micro-organism dynamics bacterial swimming

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Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell Daren D. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel Terry J. Klopfenstein Galen Erickson P. Stephen Baenziger bruce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski Jay Parsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia l. Jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum l.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (l.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, NE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

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Gastric emptying, postprandial blood pressure, glycaemia and splanchnic flow in Parkinson's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第20期22卷 4860-4867页

作者： laurence G Trahair Thomas E Kimber Katerina Flabouris Michael horowitz Karen l Jones Discipline of Medicine The University of Adelaide NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health The University of Adelaide Neurology Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital

AIM: To determine gastric emptying, blood pressure, mesenteric artery blood flow, and blood glucose responses to oral glucose in Parkinson’s ***: Twenty-one subjects (13 M, 8 F; age 64.2 ± 1.6 years) with mild to moderate Parkinson’s disease (Hoehn and Yahr score 1.4 ± 0.1, duration of known disease 6.3 ± 0.9 years) consumed a 75 g glucose drink, labelled with 20 MBq 99mTc-calcium phytate. Gastric emptying was quantified with scintigraphy, blood pressure and heart rate with an automated device, superior mesenteric artery blood flow by Doppler ultrasonography and blood glucose by glucometer for 180 min. Autonomic nerve function was evaluated with cardiovascular reflex tests and upper gastrointestinal symptoms by ***: The mean gastric half-emptying time was 106 ± 9.1 min, gastric emptying was abnormally delayed in 3 subjects (14%). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell (P lood flow and blood glucose (P llowing the drink. Three subjects (14%) had definite autonomic neuropathy and 8 (38%) had postprandial hypotension. There were no significant relationships between changes in blood pressure, heart rate or mesenteric artery blood flow with gastric emptying. Gastric emptying was related to the score for autonomic nerve function (R = 0.55, P lationship between the blood glucose at t = 30 min (R = -0.52, P le the blood glucose at t = 180 min was related directly (R = 0.49, P ld to moderate Parkinson’s disease, gastric emptying is related to autonomic dysfunction and a determinant of the glycaemic response to oral glucose.

关键词： Gastric emptying Hypotension Parkinson’ s disease Blood pressure Glucose

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Inter-relationships between gastric emptying and glycaemia:Implications for clinical practice

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World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第5期14卷 447-459页

作者： Tejaswini Arunachala Murthy Marianne Chapman Karen l Jones Michael horowitz Chinmay S Marathe Adelaide Medical School University of AdelaideAdelaide 5000SAAustralia Intensive Care Unit Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000SAAustralia NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Nutritional Physiology Interventions and OutcomesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide 5000SAAustralia Endocrine and Metabolic Unit Royal Adelaide HospitalAdelaide 5000SAAustralia

Gastric emptying(GE)exhibits a wide inter-individual variation and is a major determinant of postprandial glycaemia in health and diabetes;the rise in blood glucose following oral carbohydrate is greater when GE is relatively more rapid and more sustained when glucose tolerance is ***,GE is influenced by the acute glycaemic environment acute hyperglycaemia slows,while acute hypoglycaemia accelerates *** GE(gastroparesis)occurs frequently in diabetes and critical *** diabetes,this poses challenges for management,particularly in hospitalised individuals and/or those using *** critical illness it compromises the delivery of nutrition and increases the risk of regurgitation and aspiration with consequent lung dysfunction and ventilator *** advances in knowledge relating to GE,which is now recognised as a major determinant of the magnitude of the rise in blood glucose after a meal in both health and diabetes and,the impact of acute glycaemic environment on the rate of GE have been made and the use of gut-based therapies such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists,which may profoundly impact GE,in the management of type 2 diabetes,has become *** necessitates an increased understanding of the complex inter-relationships of GE with glycaemia,its implications in hospitalised patients and the relevance of dysglycaemia and its management,particularly in critical *** approaches to management of gastroparesis to achieve more personalised diabetes care,relevant to clinical practice,is *** studies focusing on the interactions of medications affecting GE and the glycaemic environment in hospitalised patients,are required.

关键词： Glycaemia Gastric emptying Clinical practice Glucagon-like peptide-1

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