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Your personal choices in transportation and food are important for lowering carbon emissions

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 27-32页

作者： bruce Logan Fang Zhang Wulin Yang Le Shi Institute of Energy and the Environment The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China college of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China college of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

There is a global need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit the extent of climate change.A better understanding of how our own activities and lifestyle influence our energy use and carbon emissions can help us enable changes in activities that can lead to reductions in carbon *** we discuss an approach based on examining carbon emissions from the perspective of the unit c,where 1 c is the cO_(2)from food a person would on average eat every *** approach shows that total cO_(2)emissions in china,normalized by the population,is 22.5 c while carbon emissions for a person in the US is 43.9 c.A better appreciation of our own energy use can be obtained by calculating carbon emissions from our own activities in units of c,for example for driving a car gasoline or electric vehicle a certain number of kilometers,using electricity for our homes,and eating different *** this information,we can see how our carbon emissions compare to national averages in different countries and make decisions that could lower our personal cO_(2)emissions.

关键词： carbon dioxide climate change Daily energy Greenhouse gas

Rationale and design of Tenecteplase Reperfusion Therapy in Acute Ischaemic cerebrovascular Events III (TRAcE III): a randomised, phase III, open- label, controlled trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 82-89页

作者： Yunyun Xiong bruce c V campbell Marc Fisher Lee H Schwamm Mark Parsons Hao Li Yuesong Pan Xia Meng Xingquan Zhao Yongjun Wang Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina china National clinical Research center for Neurological Diseases BeijingChina Department of Medicine and Neurology The University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Neurology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurology and comprehensive Stroke center Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Neurology University of New South Wales South Western Sydney Clinical SchoolLiverpoolNew South WalesAustralia

Background and purpose Recombinant human TNK tissue-type plasminogen activator(rhTNK-tPA)was not inferior to alteplase for ischaemic stroke within *** study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of rhTNK-tPA in patients who had an ischaemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion(LVO)of anterior circulation beyond *** and design Tenecteplase Reperfusion Therapy in Acute Ischaemic cerebrovascular Events-III(TRAcE III)is a multicentre,prospective,randomised,open-label,blind endpoint,controlled clinical *** who had an ischaemic stroke due to anterior circulation LVO(internal carotid artery,middle cerebral artery M1 and M2 segments)within 4.5–24hours from last known well(including wake-up stroke and no witness stroke)and with salvageable tissue(ischaemic core volumech ratio≥1.8 and mismatch volume≥15mL)based on cT perfusion or MRI perfusion-weighted imaging(PWI)were included and randomised to rhTNK-tPA 0.25mg/kg(single bolus)to a maximum of 25mg or standard medical ***,we will exclude patients who are intended for direct *** will be followed up for 90 *** outcomes Primary efficacy outcome is modified Rankin Scale(mRS)score≤1 at 90 *** efficacy outcomes include ordinal distribution of mRS at 90 days,major neurological improvement defined by a decrease≥8 points compared with the initial deficit or a score≤1 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)at 72 hours,mRS score≤2 at 90 days,the rate of improvement on Tmax>6s at 24 hours and NIHSS score change from baseline at *** outcomes are symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage within 36 hours and mortality at 90 *** TRAcE III will provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of rhTNK-tPA in patients who had an ischaemic strokes due to anterior circulation LVO beyond *** registration number NcT05141305.

关键词： Therapy random Rational

Multinuclear MR and MRI study of lithium-ion cells using a variable field magnet and a fixed frequency RF probe

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2024年第1期4卷 10-20页

作者： Andrés Ramírez Aguilera Florin Marica Kevin J.Sanders Md Al Raihan c.Adam Dyker Gillian R.Goward bruce *** UNB MRI centre Department of PhysicsUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada Department of chemistry McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioL8S 4L8Canada Department of chemistry University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew BrunswickE3B 5A3Canada

An exploratory multinuclear magnetic resonance(MR)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)study was performed on lithium-ion battery cells with ^(7)Li,^(19)F,and ^(1)H measurements.A variable field superconducting magnet with a fixed frequency parallel-plate radiofrequency(RF)probe was employed in the *** magnetic field was changed to set the resonance frequency of each nucleus to the fixed RF probe frequency of 33.7 *** cartridge-like lithium-ion cells,with graphite anodes and LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(0.3)co_(0.2)O_(2)(NMc)cathodes,were *** cell was pristine,and one was charged to a cell voltage of 4.2 *** results presented demonstrate the great potential of the variable field magnet approach in multinuclear measurement of lithium-ion *** methods open the door for developing faster and simpler methods for detecting,quantifying,and interpreting MR and MRI data from lithium-ion and other batteries.

关键词： Multinuclear MR/MRI Variable field magnet Lithium-ion battery Parallel-plate rf probe

Generation of Eco-Friendly and Disease-Resistant channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)Harboring the Alligator cathelicidin Gene via cRISPR/cas9 Engineering

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Engineering 2024年第8期39卷 273-286页

作者： Jinhai Wang Baofeng Su De Xing Timothy J.bruce Shangjia Li Logan Bern Mei Shang Andrew Johnson Rhoda Mae c.Simora Michael coogan Darshika U.Hettiarachchi Wenwen Wang Tasnuba Hasin Jacob Al-Armanazi cuiyu Lu Rex A.Dunham School of Fisheries Aquacultureand Aquatic SciencesAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA

As a precise and versatile tool for genome manipulation,the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(cRISPR)/cRISPR-associated protein 9(cas9)platform holds promise for modifying fish traits of *** the aim of reducing transgene introgression and controlling reproduction,upscaled disease resistance and reproductive intervention in catfish species have been studied to lower the potential environmental risks of the introgression of escapees as transgenic *** advantage of the cRISPR/cas9-mediated system,we succeeded in integrating the cathelicidin gene(As-cath)from an alligator(Alligator sinensis)into the target luteinizing hormone(lh)locus of channel catfish(Ictalurus punctatus)using two delivery systems assisted by double-stranded DNA(dsDNA)and single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides(ssODNs),*** this study,high knock in(KI)efficiency(22.38%,64/286)but low ontarget events was achieved using the ssODN strategy,whereas adopting a dsDNA as the donor template led to an efficient on-target KI(10.80%,23/213).The on-target KI of As-cath was instrumental in establishing the lh knockout(LH^(–)_As-cath^(+))catfish line,which displayed heightened disease resistance and reduced fecundity compared with the wild-type(WT)sibling ***,administration of human chorionic gonadotropin(HcG)and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue(LHRHa)can restore the reproduction of the transgenic fish ***,we replaced the lh gene with an alligator cathelicidin transgene and then administered hormone therapy to move towards complete reproductive control of diseaseresistant transgenic catfish in an environmentally responsible *** strategy not only effectively improves consumer-valued traits but also guards against unwanted introgression,providing a breakthrough in aquaculture genetics to confine fish reproduction and prevent the establishment of transgenic or domestic genotypes in the natural environment.

关键词： Genome editing ssODN dsDNA Antimicrobial peptide Reproductive confinement Aquaculture

Assessment of groundwater quantity, quality, and associated health risk of the Tano river basin, Ghana

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 325-353页

作者： Adwoba Kua-Manza Edjah bruce Banoeng-Yakubo Anthony Ewusi Enoch Sakyi-Yeboah David Saka clara Turetta Giulio cozzi David Atta-Peters Larry Pax chegbeleh Water Resources Research centre Ghana Atomic Energy CommissionAccraGhana Earth Science Department University of GhanaLegonAccraGhana Geological Engineering Department University of Mines and TechnologyTarkwaGhana Department of Statistics University of GhanaAccraLegonGhana Institute of Polar Sciences National Research Council of ItalyVeniceItaly

In the Tano River Basin,groundwater serves as a crucial resource;however,its quantity and quality with regard to trace elements and microbiological loadings remain poorly understood due to the lack of groundwater logs and limited water *** study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Tano River Basin,focusing on three key ***,it investigated the aquifer hydraulic parameters and the results showed signiﬁcant spatial variations in borehole depths,yields,transmissivity,hydraulic conductivity,and speciﬁc *** boreholes were concentrated in the northeastern and southeastern zones,while geological formations,particu-larly the Apollonian Formation,exhibit a strong inﬂuence on borehole *** study identiﬁed areas with high transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity in the southern and eastern regions,suggesting good groundwater avail-ability and suitability for sustainable water ***-ondly,the research investigated the groundwater quality and observed that the majority of borehole samples fall within WHO(Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality,Environmental Health criteria,Geneva,2011,***://***)***,some samples have pH levels below the standards,although the groundwater generally qualiﬁes as *** study further explores hydrochemical facies and health risk assessment,highlighting the dominance of ca–HcO3 water *** element analysis reveals minimal health risks from most elements,with chromium(cr)as the primary contributor to chronic health ***,this study has provided a key insights into the Tano River Basin’s hydrogeology and associated health *** outcome of this research has contributed to the broader understanding of hydrogeologi-cal dynamics and the importance of managing groundwater resources sustainably in complex geological environments.

关键词： Groundwater Unsupervised machine learning technique Hydrochemistry Aquifer hydraulic parameter Health risk

Amarts on Riesz Spaces

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2008年第2期24卷 329-342页

作者： coenraad c.A. LABUScHAGNE bruce A.WATSON School of Mathematics University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 P O WITS 2050 South Africa

The concepts of conditional expectations, martingales and stopping times were extended to the Riesz space context by Kuo, Labuschagne and Watson （Discrete time stochastic processes on Riesz spaces, Indag. Math.,15（2004）, 435-451）. Here we extend the definition of an asymptotic martingale （amart） to the Riesz spaces context, and prove that Riesz space amarts can be decomposed into the sum of a martingale and an adapted sequence convergent to zero. consequently an amart convergence theorem is deduced.

关键词： amart martingale Riesz space Banach lattice

Activation of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels delays ischemia-induced cellular uncoupling in rat heart

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第1期 24-30页

作者： Iain c bruce china Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong

AIM: To test the hypothesis that cellular uncoupling induced by myocardial ischemia is mediated by activation of cmitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mitoKATP). METHODS: Rat hearts were perfused on a Langendorff apparatus and subjected to 40-min ischemia followed by 30-min reperfusion (I/R). changes in cellular coupling were monitored by measuring whole-tissue resistance. RESULTS: (1) In hearts subjected to I/R, the onset of uncoupling started at (13.3±1.0) mm of ischemia; (2) Ischemic preconditioning (IPc) delayed the onset of uncoupling until (22.7±1.3) min. Blocking mitoKATP channels with 5-

关键词： heart mitochondria potassium channels adenosine ttiphosphate ischemic preconditioning uncoupling

Fifty Years of Water Sensitive Urban Design, Salisbury, South Australia

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第4期11卷 63-72页

作者： John c. Radcliffe Declan Page bruce Naumann Peter Dillon cSIRO Land and Water Private Bag 2 Glen Osmond South Australia 5064 Australia city of Salisbury 12 James St Salisbury South Australia 5108 Australia

Australia has developed extensive policies and guidelines for the management of its water. The city of Salisbury, located within metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, developed rapidly through urbanisation from the 1970s. Water sensitive urban design principles were adopted to maximise the use of the increased rim-off generated by urbanisation and ameliorate flood risk. Managed aquifer recharge was introduced for storing remediated low-salinity stormwater by aquifer storage and recovery （ASR） in a brackish aquiter for subsequent lrngatlon. Ibis paper outlines now a municipal government has progressively adopted principles of Water Sensitive Urban Design during its development within a framework of evolving national water policies. Salisbury＇s success with stormwater harvesting led to the formation of a pioneering w aterbusiness that includes linking projects from nine sites to provide a non-potable supply of 5 ×10^6 m^3 year. These installations hosted a number of applied research projects addressing well configuration, water quality, reliability and economics and facilitated the evaluation of its system as a potential potable water source. The evaluation showed that while untreated stonnwater contained contaminants, subsurface storage and end-use controls were sufficient to make recovered water sale for public open space irrigation, and with chlorination acceptable lbr third pipe supplies. Drinking water quality could be achieved by adding microfiltration, disinfection with UV and chlorination. The costs that would need to be expended to achieve drinking water safety standards were found to be considerably less than the cost of establishing dual pipe distribution systems. The full cost of supply was determined to be AUD$1.57 m ＂ for non-potable water for pubhc open space lrngatlon much cheaper than mares water, AUD $3.45 m at that time. Producing and storing potable water was found to cost AUDS1.96 to $2.24 m .

关键词： Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) Stormwater harvesting Water recycling drinking water Low impact development Water sensitive urban design

Nicotine-induced upregulation of antioxidant protein Prx 1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma

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chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第16期58卷 1912-1918页

作者： ZHAO YanHua ZHANG Min YAN Fei cASTO bruce c TANG XiaoFei Division of Oral Pathology Beijing Institute of Dental Research School of Stomatology Capital Medical University Division of Medical Oncology Department of Internal Medicine Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center Division of Environmental Health Sciences Ohio State University College of Public Health

Nicotine is a source of exogenous oxidative stress, which is associated with the pathogenesis of numerous diseases including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OScc), whereas an antioxidant protein, peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx 1), plays an important role in the modulation of this condition. This study was to investigate the association between Prx 1 and tobacco-induced oxidative stress. The expression of Prx 1 and GST in OScc Tca8113 cells, which were pre-treated with nicotine, was determined. In the present study, MTT assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, RT-PcR and Western blot analyses, respectively, were conducted to assess cell viability, ROS level, and expression level of Prx 1 and GST in nicotine-treated Tca8113 cells. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF- B) expression was detected by immuno-fluorescence. Our results showed the growth of Tca8113 cells was increased in a dose-dependent manner when cells were treated with nicotine at concentrations from 0.1 to 10 mol/L, but the proliferation of the cells decreased at 100 mol/L. ROS levels increased in all groups treated with nicotine at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 mol/L for 24h. Prx 1 and GST mRNA and protein expression were up-regulated in cells treated with nicotine for the same time at different concentrations or at the same concentration for different times (Pcated from cytoplasm to nucleus, the expression of NF- B was increased in nucleus. These results suggest that up-regulation of Prx1 expression appears to be associated with tobacco-induced oxidative stress, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OScc.

关键词：鳞状细胞癌蛋白表达抗氧化剂尼古丁口腔诱导氧化应激 RT-PcR