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Trophic factors are essential for the survival of grafted oligodendrocyte progenitors and for neuroprotection after perinatal excitotoxicity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第3期15卷 557-568页

作者： Megumi Hirose-Ikeda brian chu Paul Zhao Omar Akil Elida Escalante Laurent Vergnes Carlos Cepeda Araceli Espinosa-Jeffrey Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorDepartments of NeurobiologyPsychiatry&Biobehavioral SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Human Genetics David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

The consequences of neonatal white matter injury are devastating and represent a major societal problem as currently there is no cure.Prematurity,low weight birth and maternal pre-natal infection are the most frequent causes of acquired myelin deficiency in the human neonate leading to cerebral palsy and cognitive impairment.In the developing brain,oligodendrocyte(OL)maturation occurs perinatally,and immature OLs are particularly vulnerable.Cell replacement therapy is often considered a viable option to replace progenitors that die due to glutamate excitotoxicity.We previously reported directed specification and mobilization of endogenous committed and uncommitted neural progenitors by the combination of transferrin and insulin growth factor 1(TSC1).Here,considering cell replacement and integration as therapeutic goals,we examined if OL progenitors(OLPs)grafted into the brain parenchyma of mice that were subjected to an excitotoxic insult could rescue white matter injury.For that purpose,we used a well-established model of glutamate excitotoxic injury.Four-day-old mice received a single intraparenchymal injection of the glutamate receptor agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate alone or in conjunction with TSC1 in the presence or absence of OLPs grafted into the brain parenchyma.Energetics and expression of stress proteins and OL developmental specific markers were examined.A comparison of the proteomic profile per treatment was also ascertained.We found that OLPs did not survive in the excitotoxic environment when grafted alone.In contrast,when combined with TSC1,survival and integration of grafted OLPs was observed.Further,energy metabolism in OLPs was significantly increased by N-methyl-D-aspartate and modulated by TSC1.The proteomic profile after the various treatments showed elevated ubiquitination and stress/heat shock protein 90 in response to N-methyl-D-aspartate.These changes were reversed in the presence of TSC1 and ubiquitination was decreased.The results obtained in this pre-clinical study indicate that the use

关键词： myelin regeneration myelination oligodendrocytes periventricular leukomalacia premature birth proteomics trophic factors white matter injury

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为便携式系统设计线性锂离子电池充电器

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电子设计应用 2009年第11期7卷 82-84页

作者： brian chu Microchip公司模拟与接口产品部

本文通过对比镍氢电池和锂离子电池特性说明了锂离子电池在便捷式系统设计中的优势,进而展示了几种常用的锂离子电池充电器的设计方法,可为相关工程师提供设计参考。

关键词：锂离子电池充电器便捷式系统线性 USB

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电源管理策略推动便携式设计发展

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中国集成电路 2010年第9期19卷 77-79页

作者： brian chu Microchip Technology Inc.模拟与接口产品部

电池和系统电源管理控制器中的出厂预设选项能尽量减少外部元件的使用,而不会牺牲性能。使用的元件越少,变化因素也越少,发生系统故障的可能性也越低。与单片机或其他模拟产品不同,电源管理器件的布板通常需要考虑合理的散热和噪声控制... 详细信息

电池和系统电源管理控制器中的出厂预设选项能尽量减少外部元件的使用,而不会牺牲性能。使用的元件越少,变化因素也越少,发生系统故障的可能性也越低。与单片机或其他模拟产品不同,电源管理器件的布板通常需要考虑合理的散热和噪声控制。已经开发出具有电源管理功能的高度集成内核处理器/芯片,能最大程度降低电路板面积,减少元器件总数量,从而降低系统总成本。但是,工程师们在遇到引脚数很多的集成电路时,布板和散热仍然是要面对的主要问题。因此,选择适当的元件和布局事关产品的成败。分立式控制器在保持器件外形小巧和成本低廉的同时,能帮助设计师灵活开发智能的电池和电源管理系统。

关键词：电源管理器件便携式设计电路板面积管理控制器系统电源电源管理功能电源管理系统噪声控制

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电池供电应用的集成电路

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世界电子元器件 2011年第3期 37-40页

作者： brian chu Microchip模拟和接口产品部

目前,不仅是便携式娱乐设备和手持产品采用电池供电应用,此类应用在绿色产品中也有用武之地,例如光伏（PhotoVoltaic,PV）应用和电动车（Electrical Vehicle,EV）等。随着电池在人们的日常生活中日益普及,选择何种电池和低功耗设计方案... 详细信息

目前,不仅是便携式娱乐设备和手持产品采用电池供电应用,此类应用在绿色产品中也有用武之地,例如光伏（PhotoVoltaic,PV）应用和电动车（Electrical Vehicle,EV）等。随着电池在人们的日常生活中日益普及,选择何种电池和低功耗设计方案,已成为电池供电产品的开发能否取得成功的关键。

关键词：电池供电应用集成电路低功耗设计手持产品娱乐设备绿色产品供电产品

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简化三相BLDC电机控制和驱动系统的策略

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电子产品世界 2014年第9期21卷 14-15页

作者： brian chu Microchip Technology模拟和接口产品部

高度集成的半导体产品不仅是消费类产品的潮流,同时也逐步渗透至电机控制应用。与此同时,无刷直流(BLDC)电机在汽车和医疗应用等众多市场中也呈现出相同态势,其所占市场份额正逐渐超过其他各类电机。随着对BLDC电机需求的不断增长以及... 详细信息

高度集成的半导体产品不仅是消费类产品的潮流,同时也逐步渗透至电机控制应用。与此同时,无刷直流(BLDC)电机在汽车和医疗应用等众多市场中也呈现出相同态势,其所占市场份额正逐渐超过其他各类电机。随着对BLDC电机需求的不断增长以及相关电机技术的日渐成熟,BLDC电机控制系统的开发策略已逐渐从分立式电路发展成三个不同的类别。这三类主要方案划分为片上系统(SoC)、应用特定的标准产品(ASSP)和双芯片解决方案。每种策略都有其各自的优缺点。本文将论述这三种方案及其如何在设计的集成度和灵活性之间做出权衡。

关键词：电机控制片上系统双芯片解决方案

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The health and economic benefits of the global programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (2000–2014)

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 453-471页

作者： Hugo C.Turner Alison A.Bettis brian K.chu Deborah A.McFarland Pamela J.Hooper Eric A.Ottesen Mark H.Bradley London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research LondonUK Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology School of Public HealthFaculty of MedicineSt Marys CampusImperial College LondonNorfolk PlaceLondon W21PGUK Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center Task Force for Global HealthDecaturGAUSA Rollins School of Public Health Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA. Global Health Programs GlaxoSmithKlineLondonUK

Background:Lymphatic filariasis(LF),also known as elephantiasis,is a neglected tropical disease(NTD)targeted for elimination through a Global Programme to Eliminate LF(GPELF).Between 2000 and 2014,the GPELF has delivered 5.6 billion treatments to over 763 million people.Updating the estimated health and economic benefits of this significant achievement is important in justifying the resources and investment needed for eliminating LF.Method:We combined previously established models to estimate the number of clinical manifestations and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)averted from three benefit cohorts(those protected from acquiring infection,those with subclinical morbidity prevented from progressing and those with clinical disease alleviated).The economic savings associated with this disease prevention was then analysed in the context of prevented medical expenses incurred by LF clinical patients,potential income loss through lost-labour,and prevented costs to the health system to care for affected individuals.The indirect cost estimates were calculated using the human capital approach.A combination of four wage sources was used to estimate the fair market value of time for an agricultural worker with LF infection(to ensure a conservative estimate,the lowest wage value was used).Results:We projected that due to the first 15 years of the GPELF 36 million clinical cases and 175(116–250)million DALYs will potentially be averted.It was estimated that due to this notable health impact,US$100.5 billion will potentially be saved over the lifetimes of the benefit cohorts.This total amount results from summing the medical expenses incurred by LF patients(US$3 billion),potential income loss(US$94 billion),and costs to the health system(US$3.5 billion)that were projected to be prevented.The results were subjected to sensitivity analysis and were most sensitive to the assumed percentage of work hours lost for those suffering from chronic disease(changing the total economic benefit between US$69.30–150.7 billion).Conclusi

关键词： Lymphatic filariasis DALYs averted Health impact Economic impact GPELF Programme evaluation

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Microbial resistance to nanotechnologies:An important but understudied consideration using antimicrobial nanotechnologies in orthopaedic implants

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第10期7卷 249-270页

作者： Zhuoran Wu brian Chan Jessalyn Low Justin Jang Hann chu Hwee Weng Dennis Hey Andy Tay Institute of Health Innovation&Technology National University of Singapore117599Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering National University of Singapore117583Singapore Biosafety Level 3 Core Facility Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore117599Singapore Department of Microbiology and Immunology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore117545Singapore Infectious Disease Programme Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore117547Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology 35 Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research138673Singapore National University Health System National University of Singapore119228Singapore Tissue Engineering Programme National University of Singapore117510Singapore

Microbial resistance to current antibiotics therapies is a major cause of implant failure and adverse clinical outcomes in orthopaedic surgery.Recent developments in advanced antimicrobial nanotechnologies provide numerous opportunities to effective remove resistant bacteria and prevent resistance from occurring through unique mechanisms.With tunable physicochemical properties,nanomaterials can be designed to be bactericidal,antifouling,immunomodulating,and capable of delivering antibacterial compounds to the infection region with spatiotemporal accuracy.Despite its substantial advancement,an important,but under-explored area,is potential microbial resistance to nanomaterials and how this can impact the clinical use of antimicrobial nanotechnologies.This review aims to provide a better understanding of nanomaterial-associated microbial resistance to accelerate bench-to-bedside translations of emerging nanotechnologies for effective control of implant associated infections.

关键词： Bacterial infection Orthopaedic implant Microbial resistance Nanomaterial Antimicrobial nanotechnology

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共轭链对噻咯电致化学发光效率的影响

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中国科学：化学 2022年第9期52卷 1737-1746页

作者：覃晓丽杨柳青 Darshil Patel 王鑫 Kenneth chu Jonathan R.Adsetts 张丛洋 brian L.Pagenkopf 丁志峰 Department of Chemistry Western UniversityLondon N6A 3K7 湖南农业大学化学与材料科学学院长沙410128 凯莱英医药集团(天津)股份有限公司北京分公司北京100020

噻咯衍生物是一类重要的杂环化合物,在发光二极管和电致化学发光(ECL)传感器方面具有潜在的应用前景.为了进一步获得增强ECL性能的噻咯衍生物,本文报道了两种噻咯-噻吩共聚物在湮灭和共反应物反应中的绝对和相对电化学发光效率.通过电... 详细信息

噻咯衍生物是一类重要的杂环化合物,在发光二极管和电致化学发光(ECL)传感器方面具有潜在的应用前景.为了进一步获得增强ECL性能的噻咯衍生物,本文报道了两种噻咯-噻吩共聚物在湮灭和共反应物反应中的绝对和相对电化学发光效率.通过电位扫描和电位脉冲,利用电化学发光-电压曲线、电化学发光-时间曲线和电化学发光光谱法研究了其ECL机理,并讨论了共轭体系和空间位阻效应对ECL效率的影响.结果表明,自由基的稳定性和反应性是影响两种噻咯-噻吩共聚物ECL效率的两个主要因素.与噻咯-噻吩单体相比,噻咯-噻吩共聚物的ECL效率主要受空间位阻效应的影响.大多数电化学发光研究都使用[Ru(bpy)_(3)]^(2+)作为标准来测定ECL研究中的相对发光效率.考虑到[Ru(bpy)_(3)]^(2+)与其他发光团在自由基行为上的差异,本文测量绝对电化学发光效率,比相对发光效率更准确.

关键词：噻咯-噻吩共聚物电化学发光 ECL光谱学绝对电化学发光效率相对电化学发光效率

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季节性干旱驱动亚热带森林的碳积累

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第1期16卷 241-256页

作者： brian Njoroge Yuelin Li Dennis Otieno Shizhong Liu Simin Wei Ze Meng Qianmei Zhang Deqiang Zhang Juxiu Liu Guowei chu Fasih Ullah Haider John Tenhunen Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039China Department of Botany Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and TechnologyBondo 210-40601Kenya Department of Plant Ecology University of Bayreuth95440 BayreuthGermany

本研究旨在表明处于南亚热带的鼎湖山生物圈保护区的干旱频率和强度正在增加,并说明季节性干旱对亚热带森林碳积累的影响。这是为了应对全球气候变化导致的干旱加剧所带来的威胁开展的一项研究。我们使干旱指数(标准化降水指数、标准降... 详细信息

本研究旨在表明处于南亚热带的鼎湖山生物圈保护区的干旱频率和强度正在增加,并说明季节性干旱对亚热带森林碳积累的影响。这是为了应对全球气候变化导致的干旱加剧所带来的威胁开展的一项研究。我们使干旱指数(标准化降水指数、标准降水蒸散发指数、降水距平百分率及自校准帕尔默干旱指数)准确确定干旱期和降水量增加期。此后,将2003至2014年(12年)监测采集的实测涡动通量和土壤含水量数据在干旱期和湿润期之间进行比较,以确定干旱对生态系统碳积累的影响。在本研究所选择的12年期间,干旱的发生时间约占比20%,最强干旱事件和严重程度发生于2012至2013年。研究期间的年平均降水量和气温分别为1404.57±43.2 mm和22.65±0.1°C,与30年记录(1990–2020)相比较,年降水量减少量可达523 mm,而气温则增加了2.55°C。与全球针对大多数森林生态系统研究所发表的数据呈相反趋势,处于中国南亚热带区域的鼎湖山生物圈保护区在60%的干旱期内所监测的森林生态系统记录到显著的碳积累趋势,说明季节性干旱驱动了森林的碳积累。

关键词：干旱气候变化碳积累鼎湖山生物圈保护区涡动通量

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Physiological effects of nickel chloride on the freshwater cyanobacterium <i>Synechococcus</i>sp. IU 625

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第7期4卷 10-14页

作者： brian Nohomovich Bao T. Nguyen Michael Quintanilla Lee H. Lee Sean R. Murray Tin-chun chu Department of Biological Sciences Seton Hall University South Orange USA Department of Biology & Molecular Biology Montclair State University Montclair USA Department of Biology California State University Northridge Northridge USA

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a serious environmental problem globally. The ability of cyanobacteria, one of the major causative agents of HABs, to grow in heavy metal polluted areas is proving a challenge to environmental restoration initiatives. Some cyanobacteria secrete toxins, such as microcystin, that are potentially dangerous to animals and humans. In this study, the physiology of a cyanobacterium was assessed to nickel chloride exposure. Cell growths were monitored throughout the study with various nickel chloride concentrations (0, 10, 25 or 50 mg/L). Morphological abnormalities were observed with microscopic image analyses. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was carried out to trace the distribution of nickel during the growth period. This study provides insight on potential nickel response mechanisms in freshwater cyanobacteria, which may lead to effective HAB prevention strategy development.

关键词： Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Cyanobacteria Nickel Chloride Stress Response ICP-MS

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