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Incorporation of Biochar Carbon into Stable Soil Aggregates:The Role of Clay mineralogy and Other Soil Characteristics

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Pedosphere 2017年第4期27卷 694-704页

作者： Charlene N. KELLY Joseph benjamin Francisco C. CALDERON maysoon m. mIKHA David W. RUTHERFORD Colleen E. ROSTAD West Virginia University Division of Forestry and Natural Resources337 Percival HallMorgantownWV 26506USA USDA-ARS Central Great Plains Research Station40335 County RoadGGAkronCO 80720USA U.S.Geological Survey MS 408PO Box 25046Building 95Denver Federal CenterDenverCO 80225USA

Aggregation and structure play key roles in water-holding capacity and stability of *** this study,the incorporation of carbon(C) from switchgrass biochar into stable aggregate size fractions was assessed in an Aridisol(from Colorado,USA) dominated by 2:1 clays and an Alfisol(from Virginia,USA) containing weathered mixed 1:1 and 2:1 mineralogy,to evaluate the effect of biochar addition on soil *** biochar was applied at 4 levels,0,25,50,and 100 g kg^(-1),to the soils grown with wheat in a growth chamber *** changes in soil strength and water-holding capacity using water release curves were *** the Colorado soil,the proportion of soil occurring in large aggregates decreased,with concomitant increases in small size *** changes in aggregate size fractions occurred in the Virginia *** the Colorado soil,C content increased from 3.3 to 16.8 g kg^(-1),whereas in them fraction C content increased from 5.7 to 22.6 g kg^(-1) with 100 g kg^(-1)biochar *** the Virginia soil,C content within aggregate size fractions increased for each size fraction,except the>2 000 μm *** greatest increase(from 6.2 to 22.0 g kg^(-1)) occurred in the 53–250 μm *** results indicated that C was incorporated into larger aggregates in the Virginia soil,but remained largely unassociated to soil particles in the Colorado *** addition had no significant effect on water-holding capacity or strength *** biochar to more weathered soils with high native soil organic content may result in greater stabilization of incorporated C and result in less loss because of erosion and transport,compared with the soils dominated by 2:1 clays and low native soil organic content.

关键词： aggregate size fractions, aggregate stability, mineralogy, soil strength, water-holding capacity, weathered soil

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Pre-osteoblastic mC3T3-E1 cells promote breast cancer growth in bone in a murine xenograft model

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2011年第3期30卷 189-196页

作者： Thomas m. Bodenstine benjamin H. Beck Xuemei Cao Leah m. Cook Aimen Ismail J. Kent Powers Andrea m. mastro Danny R. Welch Department of Pathology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA National Foundation for Cancer Research-Center for metastasis Research University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA Department of Pharmacology/ Toxicology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA Cell Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA Center for metabolic Bone Disease University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL 35294 USA.

The bones are the most common sites of breast cancer metastasis. Upon arrival within the bone microenvironment, breast cancer cells coordinate the activities of stromal cells, resulting in an increase in osteoclast activity and bone matrix degradation. In late stages of bone metastasis, breast cancer cells induce apoptosis in osteoblasts, which further exacerbates bone loss. However, in early stages, breast cancer cells induce osteoblasts to secrete inflammatory cytokines purported to drive tumor progression. To more thoroughly evaluate the role of osteoblasts in early stages of breast cancer metastasis to the bones, we used green fluorescent protein-labeled human breast cancer cell lines mDA-mB-231 and mDA-mB-435, which both induce osteolysis after intra-femoral injection in athymic mice, and the murine pre-osteoblastic cell line mC3T3-E1 to modulate osteoblast populations at the sites of breast cancer metastasis. Breast cancer cells were injected directly into the femur with or without equal numbers of mC3T3-E1 cells. Tumors grew significantly larger when co-injected with breast cancer cells and mC3T3-E1 cells than injected with breast cancer cells alone. Osteolysis was induced in both groups, indicating that mC3T3-E1 cells did not block the ability of breast cancer cells to cause bone destruction. mC3T3-E1 cells promoted tumor growth out of the bone into the extraosseous stroma. These data suggest that breast cancer cells and osteoblasts communicate during early stages of bone metastasis and promote tumor growth.

关键词：乳腺癌细胞成骨细胞肿瘤生长小鼠绿色荧光蛋白标记模型移植早期阶段

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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Abronia villosa as an Alternative to Control of Pathogenic microorganisms

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Journal of Renewable materials 2020年第1期8卷 69-78页

作者： Ali Abdelmoteleb benjamin Valdez-Salas Ernesto Beltran-Partida Daniel Gonzalez-mendoza Botany Department Faculty of AgricultureMenoufia UniversityShebin El-Kom32511Egypt Instituto de Ingeniería de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California MexicaliBaja California21100México Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California(ICA-UABC) Ejido Nuevo LeónBaja California21705México

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of eco-friendly synthesized silver *** silver nanoparticles were synthesized by biological method using aqueous extract of Abronia *** of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by color change and characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy,scanning electron microscope(SEm),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),dynamic light scattering(DLS),and zeta potential *** SEm analysis revealed the presence of spherical silver nanoparticles of the size range 21 to 33 *** silver nanoparticles were used to evaluate their antibacterial effects at different concentrations(25,50,75 and 100μg/ml)on gram negative and gram positive *** biggest halo zone was observed at 75 and 100μg/ml concentrations of silver nanoparticles against both gram positive and gram negative *** activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was evaluated against seven different phytopathogenic *** showed high inhibition of radial growth toward all tested *** highest inhibition of fungal growth by AgNPs was recorded against macrophomina phaseolina(86.06±0.92%).Biosynthesized AgNPs using plant extract are a promising to use safety for various biomedical and agricultural applications.

关键词： Antibacterial activity antifungal activity green synthesis

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Gastrointestinal function testing model using a new laryngopharyngeal pH probe(Restech)in patients after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第6期13卷 612-624页

作者： benjamin Babic Dolores T müller Florian Gebauer Lars mortimer Schiffmann Rabi R Datta WolfgangSchröder Christiane J Bruns Jessica m Leers Hans F Fuchs Department of General VisceralCancer and Transplant SurgeryUniversity of CologneCologne 50931Germany

BACKGROUND There is no established correlation between 24-h esophageal pH-metry(Eso-pH)and the new laryngopharyngeal pH-monitoring system(Restech)as only small case series ***-pH was not designed to detect laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR)and Restech may detect LPR *** have previously published a dataset using the two techniques in a large patient collective with gastroesophageal reflux ***,patients after esophagectomy were reported to represent an ideal human reflux model as no reflux barrier *** To use a human reflux model to examine our previously published correlation in these *** Patients after Ivor Lewis esophagectomy underwent our routine follow-up program with surveillance endoscopies,computed tomography scans and further exams following *** patients with a complete check-up program and reflux symptoms were offered inclusion into this prospective study and evaluated using Restech and simultaneous ***,the relationship between the two techniques was evaluated RESULTS A total of 43 patients from may 2016-November 2018 were *** patients presented with mainly typical reflux symptoms such as heartburn(74%),regurgitation(84%),chest pain(58%),and dysphagia(47%).Extraesophageal symptoms such as cough,hoarseness,asthma symptoms,and globus sensation were also *** 24-hour pH-metry was abnormal in 88%of patients with a mean Demeester Score of 229.45[range 26.4-319.5].Restech evaluation was abnormal in 61%of cases in this highly selective patient *** patients with abnormal supine LPR were also abnormal for supine esophageal reflux measured by conventional *** Patients following esophagectomy and reconstruction with gastric interposition can ideally serve as a human reflux ***,laryngopharyngeal reflux phases occur mainly in the upright *** this human volume-reflux model,results of simultaneous esophageal and laryngopharyngeal(Restech)pH

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Laryngopharyngeal reflux minimally invasive esophagectomy Surgical technology Restech Esophageal pH-metry

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Creating Prep to Play PRO for women playing elite Australian football:A how-to guide for developing injury-prevention programs

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第1期12卷 130-138页

作者： Andrea m.Bruder Alex Donaldson Andrea B.mosler Brooke E.Patterson melissa Haberfield benjamin F.mentiplay Patrick Clifton Nicole D.Livingstone OAm Kay m.Crossley La Trobe Sport and Exercise medicine Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086Australia Australian IOC Research Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086Australia Centre for Sport and Social Impact La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIA 3086 Australia Australian Football League MelbourneVIA 3086Australia

Background:Developing context-specific,evidence-informed,and implementable injury-prevention programs is *** playing in the elite Australian Football League for Women are at high risk of serious knee injuries,and no specific injury-prevention program *** objective of the study was to describe the collaborative process used to create a context-specific injury-prevention ***:A previously used intervention-development process was modified to incorporate a partnership with the sport’s governing organization and focus on engaging program *** Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation and maintenance(RE-AIm)Sports Setting matrix guided program development and implementation ***:The 7-step process,aligned with the RE-AIm Sports Setting matrix,was applied to develop the injury-prevention program and was titled Prep to Play *** steps were:(Step 1)gaining organizational support and establishing a project partnership;(Step 2)using research evidence and clinical experience;(Step 3)consulting content and context experts;(Step 4)engaging the organization,experts,program implementers,and end-users to concreate the intervention and develop implementation strategies;(Step 5)testing the intervention acceptability and feasibility;(Step 6)evaluating the intervention and implementation strategies against theory;and(Step 7)obtaining feedback from early implementers and ***:Engaging critical stakeholders at multiple ecological levels(organization,team,and athlete)throughout program development and implementation planning support real-world *** processes and activities described can guide future sports injury-prevention program development and implementation.

关键词： Athletes Elite Female Knee Injuries Sport

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Electrocatalytic Properties of metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanostructure materials

Electrocatalytic Properties of Metal Nanoparticles Supported...

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作者： Charles benjamin Luhana 东北师范大学

学位级别：硕士

我们构建了一种基于金属纳米粒子修饰在碳材料上的灵敏电极,该电极在检测微量样品、发展新的简便方法上具有实际的应用价值。本传感器相对于其他常规传感器具有制作简便、快速响应、低成本、宽的线性范围等优点。因此,对于此电极的电化... 详细信息

我们构建了一种基于金属纳米粒子修饰在碳材料上的灵敏电极,该电极在检测微量样品、发展新的简便方法上具有实际的应用价值。本传感器相对于其他常规传感器具有制作简便、快速响应、低成本、宽的线性范围等优点。因此,对于此电极的电化学及电催化行为值得我们进一步深入研究。在本文第二章,我们将载有铂纳米粒子的空心碳球(Pt/HCSs)修饰到玻碳电极上,再利用Nafion将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)组装到修饰好的电极表面,成功构建出一种新型的葡萄糖传感器。通过电化学检测酶反应副产物过氧化氢(H2O2)来检测葡萄糖。这种葡萄糖传感器展示了良好的电催化活性,较高的灵敏度(4.1028μA mm-1)和较低的检出限(1.8μm),响应时间小于3s,线性范围为0.04—8.62mm,米氏常数(Km)值为10.94mm。最后在第三章,我们以热解还原石墨烯(TRGs)为基质,成功的负载了铂纳米粒子,制备了铂纳米粒子/热解还原石墨烯(Pt-TRGs)复合材料。利用透射电子显微镜法(TEm)表征了此复合材料的结构和形态。结果表明,铂纳米粒子的大小在1.3—-6.0纳米范围内,平均尺寸为3.4nm,并且很好的分散在了TRGs的表面上。利用循环伏安法和计时电流法考察了该修饰电极对肼的催化性能,结果显示Pt-TRGs复合材料具有良好的电催化活性,这可能是由铂纳米粒子较小的粒径和较高的离散度,以及TRGs特有的性质决定的。

关键词：铂纳米粒子空心碳球过氧化氢葡萄糖热还原石墨肼

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Knowledge, perception and practices about malaria, climate change, livelihoods and food security among rural communities of central Tanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 176-184页

作者： benjamin K mayala Carolyn A Fahey Dorothy Wei maria m Zinga Venera m Bwana Tabitha mlacha Susan F Rumisha Grades Stanley Elizabeth H Shayo Leonard EG mboera National Institute for medical Research Dar es SalaamTanzania Georgetown University WashingtonDCUSA Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences-Bugando MwanzaTanzania

Background:Understanding the interactions between malaria and agriculture in Tanzania is of particular significance when considering that they are the major sources of illness and *** objective of this study was to determine knowledge,perceptions and practices as regards to malaria,climate change,livelihoods and food insecurity in a rural farming community in central ***:Using a cross-sectional design,heads of households were interviewed on their knowledge and perceptions on malaria transmission,symptoms and prevention and knowledge and practices as regards to climate change and food ***:A total of 399 individuals(mean age=39.8±15.5 years)were ***(62.41%)of them had attained primary school education and majority(91.23%)were involved in crop farming *** all(94.7%)knew that malaria is acquired through a mosquito *** quarters(73%)reported that most people get sick from malaria during the rainy *** 50%of the respondents felt that malaria had decreased during the last 10 *** household coverage of insecticide treated mosquito nets(ITN)was high(95.5%).Ninety-six percent reported to have slept under a mosquito net the previous *** one in four understood the official Kiswahili term(mabadiliko ya Tabia Nchi)for climate ***,there was a general understanding that the rain patterns have changed in the past 10 ***-two percent believed that the temperature has increased during the same *** quarters of the respondents reported that they had no sufficient production from their own farms to guarantee food security in their household for the *** quarters(73.0%)reported to having food shortages in the past five *** half said they most often experienced severe food shortage during the rainy ***:Farming communities in Kilosa District have little knowledge on climate change and its impact on malaria *** insecurity is common and comm

关键词： malaria Agriculture Climate change Food insecurity Knowledge Practice Tanzania

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Software improvement for evaluation of laryngopharyngeal pH testing(Restech)——a comparison between Data View 3 and 4

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2020年第5期12卷 236-246页

作者： Dolores Thea müller Elena Schulte benjamin Babic Laura Knepper Claudia Fuchs Wolfgang Schroder Christiane J Bruns Jessica m Leers Hans Friedrich Fuchs Department of General VisceralCancer and Transplant SurgeryUniversity of CologneKoln 50937Germany

BACKGROUND When gastroesophageal reflux contents reach above the upper esophageal sphincter,patients may,in addition to typical reflux symptoms,present with atypical,extraesophageal symptoms related to laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR).Surgical treatment of LPR has shown to lead to 70%symptom improvement,however no gold standard for the diagnosis of LPR *** 2007,the Restech Dx-pH was released as a valid method to measure acid exposure above the upper esophageal ***,a new software update was introduced for analysis of measured pH data and calculation of composite *** effect of the changes applied to the new software version have not yet been *** To compare results generated by Data View 3 to the most recently released Data View *** All patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms were seen in a specialized surgical outpatient clinic for gastrointestinal function *** chart review was performed of all patients presenting with suspected gastroesophageal reflux disease and extraesophageal reflux symptoms,who underwent laryngopharyngeal pH monitoring using the Restech Dx-pH system(Respiratory Technology Corp.,Houston,TX,United States)and simultaneous esophageal pH *** View 3 and Data View 4 were used to evaluate Restech studies *** entries such as mealtimes,supine and upright periods,and symptoms were entered manually to ensure accuracy and precise conversion of data between both software *** t test was performed for statistical analysis of *** A total of 174 patients(63.8%female)met inclusion criteria,all suffering from extraesophageal reflux symptoms as well as typical gastroesophageal reflux disease *** RYAN score upright was 48.77 in Data View 3 compared to 22.17 in Data View 4,showing a significant difference(~aP=0.0001).Similar results were shown for supine period(mean RYAN Score Data View 35.29 vs 1.42 in Data View 4,~cP=0.0001).For upright pe

关键词： Gastroesophageal reflux disease Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease Esophageal pH testing Oropharyngeal pH testing Restech Dx pH Demeester score RYAN Score

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Staphylococcal-scalded skin syndrome:evaluation,diagnosis,and management

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2018年第2期14卷 116-120页

作者： Alexander K.C.Leung benjamin Barankin Kin Fon Leong Department of Pediatrics The Alberta Children's HospitalThe University of CalgaryCalgary#200233-16th Avenue NWCalgaryAB T2M 0H5Canada Toronto Dermatology Centre TorontoONCanada The Pediatric Institute Kuala Lumpur General HospitalKuala LumpurMalaysia

Background Staphylococcal-scalded skin syndrome(SSSS),also known as Ritter disease,is a potentially life-threatening disorder and a pediatric *** diagnosis and treatment is imperative to reduce the morbidity and mortality of this *** purpose of this article is to familiarize physicians with the evaluation,diagnosis,and treatment of *** sources A Pubmed search was completed in Clinical Queries using the key terms"Staphylococcal scalded skin syn-drome"and"Ritter disease".Results SSSS is caused by toxigenic strains of Staphylococcus *** of the amino-terminal extracellular domain of desmoglein 1 by staphylococcal exfoliative toxins results in disruption of keratinocytes adhesion and cleavage within the stratum granulosum which leads to bulla *** diagnosis is mainly clinical,based on the findings of tender erythroderma,bullae,and desquamation with a scalded appearance especially in friction zones,periorificial scabs/crusting,positive Nikolsky sign,and absence of mucosal *** empiric treatment with intravenous anti-staphylococcal antibiotic such as nafcillin,oxacillin,or flucloxacillin is essential until cultures are available to guide *** or cefuroxime may be used should the patient have penicillin *** the patient is not improving,critically ill,or in com-munities where the prevalence of methicillin-resistant *** is high,vancomycin should be *** A high index of suspicion is essential for an accurate diagnosis to be made and treatment promptly initiated.

关键词： Blisters Desquamation Erythroderma Exfoliative toxins Staphylococcus aureus

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Transepithelial leak in Barrett's esophagus patients: The role of proton pump inhibitors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第22期18卷 2793-2797页

作者： Christopher Farrell melissa morgan Owen Tully Kevin Wolov Keith Kearney benjamin Ngo Giancarlo mercogliano James J Thornton mary Carmen Valenzano James m mullin Division of Gastroenterology Lankenau Hospital Wynnewood PA 19096 United States Lankenau Institute for medical Research Wynnewood PA 19096 United States

AIm： To determine if the observed paracellular sucrose leak in Barrett＇s esophagus patients is due to their pro- ton pump inhibitor （PPI） use. mETHODS： The in vivo sucrose permeability test was administered to healthy controls, to Barrett＇s patients and to non-Barrett＇s patients on continuous PPI thera- py. Degree of leak was tested for correlation with pres- ence of Barrett＇s, use of PPIs, and length of Barrett＇s segment and duration of PPI use. RESULTS： Barrett＇s patients manifested a near 3-fold greater, upper gastrointestinal sucrose leak than healthy controls. A decrease of sucrose leak was ob- served in Barrett＇s patients who ceased PPI use for 7 *** initial introduction of PPI use （in a PPI-na＇ive population） results in dramatic increase in sucrose leak, long-term, continuous PPI use manifested a slow spon- taneous decline in leak. The sucrose leak observed in Barrett＇s patients showed no correlation to the amount of Barrett＇s tissue present in the esophagus. CONCLUSION： Although future research is needed to determine the degree of paracellular leak in actual Barrett＇s mucosa, the relatively high degree of leak ob- served with in vivo sucrose permeability measurement of Barrett＇s patients reflects their PPI use and not their Barrett＇s tissue perse.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus Sucrose Tight junc-tion Paracellular, Omeprazole Proton pump inhibitor Transepithelial

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