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Relevance of α-defensins(HnP1-3) and defensin β-1 in diabetes

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 9128-9137页

作者： balázs csaba németh Tamás Várkonyi Ferenc Somogyvári csaba Lengyel Katalin Fehértemplomi Szabolcs nyiraty Péter Kempler Yvette Mándi Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology University of Szeged Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine First Department of Internal Medicine University of Szeged

AIM: To investigate the genetic background of human defensin expression in type 1 and 2 ***: Associations between DEFA1/DEFA3 gene copy number polymorphism and diabetes as well as between the promoter polymorphisms of DEFB1 and diabetes were studied. The copy number variation of the DEFA1/DEFA3 genes was determined in 257 diabetic patients(117 patients with type 1 and 140 with type 2 diabetes). The control group consisted of 221 age- and gender-matched healthy blood donors. The cumulative copy numbers of the DEFA1/DEFA3 genes were detected by using quantitative PCR analysis. To evaluate the HnP 1-3(human neutrophil peptide 1-3 or α-defensin) levels in the circulation, plasma HnP 1-3 concentrations were measured by ELISA. The expression of DEFA1/A3 in peripheral leukocytes of the diabetic patients was measured by quantitative RT PCR analysis. Three SnPs of the human DEFB1(human defensin β-1) gene: DEFB1 G-20A(rs11362), DEFB1 C-44G(rs1800972) and DEFB1 G-52A(rs1799946) were genotyped by Custom TaqMan? Real Time PCR ***: Significant differences were observed in HnP1-3 levels between the healthy subjects and both groups of diabetic patients. The mean ± SE was 28.78 ± 4.2 ng/mL in type 1 diabetes, and 29.82 ± 5.36 ng/mL in type 2 diabetes, vs 11.94 ± 2.96 ng/mL in controls; P no significant difference between patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in the high plasma concentrations of HnP1-3. The highest concentrations of α-defensin were found in diabetic patients with nephropathy(49.4 ± 4.8 ng/mL), neuropathy(38.7 ± 4.8 ng/mL) or cardiovascular complications(45.6 ± 1.45 ng/L). There was no significant difference in the cumulative copy numbers of DEFA1/DEFA3 genes between controls and patients, or between patients with the two types of diabetes. Comparisons of HnP 1-3 plasma level and DEFA1/A3 copy number of the same patient did not reveal significant relationship between defensin-α levels and the gene copy numbers(r

关键词： α-defensins HnP1-3 β-defensin 1 Diabetes Copy numb

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Recent Advances in Catalytic Carbonylation Reactions in Alternative Reaction Media

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第4期42卷 406-429页

作者： csaba Árvai László T.Mika Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering Faculty of Chemical Technology and BiotechnologyBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp.3H-1111 BudapestHungary

Since the discovery of the hydroformylation(oxo-synthesis or Roelen reaction)and the Reppe-reaction,the transition metal-catalyzed carbonylation reactions,providing versatile,facile,and even atom-economic methods for the selective incorporation of C=O functionality to various skeletons,have gained tremendous importance in synthetic organic chemistry from laboratories to industrial *** carbonylation of carbon-carbon multiple bonds,aromatic halides,triflates,etc.,in the presence of various nucleophiles has led the way to produce aldehydes,carboxylic acids,esters,amides,etc.,in the fine chemical ***,these protocols usually proceed in conventional,fossil-based,and usually toxic reaction ***,several attempts have been directed to developing efficient carbonylation methods in alternative,less harmful,non-fossil-based and even in renewable reaction *** this review,we overview the recent applications of alternative solvents such as water,biomass-based alcohols,γ-valerolactone(GVL),2-methyltetrahydrofuran(2-methF),ionic liquids(ILs),deep eutectic solvents(DES),alkyl levulinates,limonene,α-pinene,and dimethyl carbonate as well as fluorous media to improve efficiency,safety and environmentally benign nature of carbonylation protocols.

关键词： Carbonylation Catalysis Solvents Green chemistry Carbon monoxide Transition metals Homogeneous catalysis Palladium

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niche differentiation among facultative filter feeders: Insights from invasive Ponto-Caspian mysids

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 513-521页

作者： Péter Borza Varsha Rani csaba F.Vada Institute of Aquatic Ecology Centre for Ecological ResearchKarolina ut 29.1113 BudapestHungary Doctoral School of Biology Institute of BiologyEotvos Lorand UniversityPazmany Péter sétany 1/C1117 BudapestHungary

The degree of dietary specialization has a fundamental impact on the ecological function and interactions of suspension *** niche differentiation by food particle size is common among obligate suspension feeders,its role is not evident in facultative *** this study,we aimed at providing new insights on the matter by focusing on sympatric mysid *** mysids use different mechanisms for raptorial and filter-feeding,they represent a more adequate model system than for example,the more extensively studied *** made morpholog-ical measurements on the 4 coexisting invasive Ponto-Caspian mysid species to determine the areas and mesh sizes of their *** also quantified their clearance rates on the microalga Cryptomonas *** a laboratory experiment to reveal how morphological differences manifest in their overall filtering *** found relatively small but consistent differences in the primary filter area among the species,indicating that morphological constraints due to the enclosed position of the setae might limit the possibility for *** primary filter mesh sizes were small in all 4 species(0.69-2.73μm)with moderate but consistent intraspecific differences,suggesting that the benefit of being able to capture small particles might outweigh the pressure for *** observed clearance rates were in accordance with the morphological characteristics of the species,highlighting that auxiliary filters(present in one of the species,Limnomysis benedeni)are needed to increase filtering capacity *** study confirmed that food particle size can contribute to the niche differentiation of facultative filter feeders,but also indicated that they can tolerate a higher overlap than obligate *** observed differences were related to the habitat preferences and predatory potentials of the species,suggesting that complementarity among the different niche axes might further facilitate theircoexistence.

关键词： clearance rate coexistence filter area filtermesh size.

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methionine sources and genotype affect embryonic intestinal development,antioxidants,tight junctions,and growth-related gene expression in chickens

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Animal nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 218-230页

作者： James K.Lugata Sawadi F.ndunguru Gebrehaweria K.Reda Xénia E.Ozsváth Eszter Angyal Levente Czeglédi Gabriella Gulyás Renáta Knop János Oláh Zoltán Mészár Rita Varga Brigitta Csernus csaba Szabó Department of Animal nutrition and Physiology Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Animal Husbandry Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental ManagementUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences and Environmental Management Doctoral School of Animal ScienceUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Institutes for Agricultural Research and Educational Farm University of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Anatomy Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

methionine(Met)is an essential and first limiting amino acid in the poultry diet that plays a significant role in chicken embryonic development and *** present study examined the effect of in ovo injection of DL-Met and L-Met sources and genotypes on chicken embryonic-intestinal development and *** eggs of the two genotypes,TETRA-SL layer hybrid(TSL)—commercial layer hybrid and Hungarian Partridge colored hen breed(HPC)—a native genotype,were randomly distributed into four treatments for each *** treatment groups include the following:1)control non-injected eggs(noIn);2)saline-injected(SaIn);3)DL-Met injected(DLM);and 4)L-Met injected(LM).The in ovo injection was carried out on 17.5 d of embryonic development;after hatching,eight chicks per group were sacrificed,and the jejunum was extracted for *** results showed that both DLM and LM groups had enhanced intestinal development as evidenced by increased villus width,villus height,and villus area(Pnificantly reduced crypt depth,glutathione(GSH)content,glutathione S-transferase 3 alpha(GST3),occludin(OCLn)gene expression and increased villus height to crypt depth ratio in the TSL genotype than the LM group(Pnotype has overexpressed insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1)gene,tricellulin(MD2),occludin(OCLn),superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1),and GST3 genes than the TSL genotype(Pn conclusion,these findings showed that in ovo injection of Met enhanced intestinal development,and function,with genotypes responding differently under normal *** also influenced the expression of intestinal antioxidants,tight junction,and growth-related genes.

关键词： DL-methionine L-methionine In ovo injection Intestinal development Poultry

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Single-cell transcriptome profiling of human HSCs during development:new insights into HSC ontogeny

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第3期8卷 877-878页

作者： Edgar Grinstein csaba Mahotka Department of Hematology Oncology and Clinical ImmunologyMedical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Pathology Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfGermany

A study recently published in nature reported a single-cell transcriptome map of human hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)and a gene expression signature that distinguishes nascent HSCs from non-HSCs during prenatal development.1 This transcriptome map provides an important tool for further elucidation of human HSC ontogeny and could also serve as a guide for generation of transplantable HSCs ex vivo,1 to widen the therapeutic application of HSCs.

关键词： HSCs transcriptome hematopoietic

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novel method to Monitor the De-Swelling of PnIPAAm Hydrogels of Different Cross-Link Density

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2016年第3期7卷 306-317页

作者： noémi Karnok csaba németh Viktória Vargha Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary

The effect of cross-linker (methylene-bis-acrylamide) (MBA) on the volume phase transition, mechanical properties and de-swelling of Poly(n-isopropyl acrylamide-co-methylene-bis-acrylamide) hydrogel (PnIPAAm/MBA hydrogel) was investigated. A new method, namely isothermal thermo-gravimetry was developed for monitoring de-swelling of PnIPAAm/MBA hydrogel. Monomer/ Cross-linker ratio of the initial monomer composition R = molenIPAAm/moleMBA was introduced. It has been proven earlier that initial monomer composition is close to the copolymer composition;hence R values may be used to express cross-link density. Hydrogels from R10 to R150 were investigated. The results of DSC analysis revealed that the less the cross-linker ratio in the gel (from R10 to R150) the more sharp the temperature range of volume phase transition and the higher its enthalpy. Cross-link density, namely increasing cross-linker content in the copolymer (R from 150 to 10) does not significantly affect the temperature range of volume phase transition. It sets on at 33°C - 34°C, and ends between 35?C and 38?C. Cross-link density has significant effect on compression modulus. By decreasing the ratio of cross-linker (by increasing R from 10 to 150), the compression modulus increases, goes through a maximum, and then decreases. The highest compression modulus was measured for PnIPAAm/MBA hydrogel R20. Hydrogels with cross-linker content between R100 and 30 are strong enough and have their thermoresponsivity. Isothermal thermograms of de-swelling are of similar character for all the gels with different cross-linker content. During the initial stage of de-swelling for gels with higher cross-linker content (R10 - R15) the solute release is quicker than for gels R20 - 150 and the thermograms are drawn out. In the initial stage of de-swelling, i.e. during the first 40 minutes the rate of solute release is the highest for gels R70 - 150. The cross-linker content effects solute release, especially for ge

关键词： Intelligent Gel Poly(n-isopropyl Aceylamide) PnIPAAm De-Swelling Thermogravimetry

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Peeling off the surface: Pt-decoration of WSe 2 nanoflakes results in exceptional photoelectrochemical HER activity

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SusMat 2022年第6期2卷 749-760页

作者： Peter S.Toth Gabor Szabo Gabor Bencsik Gergely F.Samu Krishnan Rajeshwar csaba Janaky Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science Interdisciplinary Excellence CenterUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTexasUSA

Photoelectrochemical(PEC)hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)was studied on exfoliated,pristine and Pt-decorated tungsten diselenide(p-WSe_(2))nanoflake samples,using a previously developed microdroplet PEC microscopy *** WSe 2 nanoflakes had well-defined thicknesses as measured by atomic force microscopy,and the Pt nanoparticles(nPs)were deposited by a variable num-ber of atomic layer deposition(ALD)*** exceptionally high photocurrent density of 49.6 mA cm^(−2)(under 220 mW cm^(−2) irradiation)and internal-photon-to-electron-conversion efficiency(∼90%at 550 nm)were demonstrated on these Pt-decorated WSe_(2)(WSe_(2)-Pt)*** Pt nP loading and thickness of WSe_(2) nanoflakes(in the 24–235 nm range)were used to fine-tune their PEC activity for *** found similar charge transfer and surface recombination kinetics of pristine and WSe_(2)-Pt specimens(as assessed by intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy),which indicated significant differences in their bulk properties.X-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopies were performed to identify defect states and quantify the density of states around the valence band of WSe_(2).The elevated temperature of the ALD process and the evolving Pt nP phase conspired to passivate the sub-surface(i.e.,bulk)defects in the WSe_(2) nanoflakes,resulting in their vastly improved PEC performance.

关键词： atomic layer deposition defect migration density of states hydrogen evolution layered semiconductor photoelectrochemical kinetics

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Metasomatism-induced wehrlite formation in the upper mantle beneath the nógrád-G?m?r Volcanic Field(northern Pannonian Basin):Evidence from xenoliths

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第3期11卷 943-964页

作者： Levente Patko nora Liptai Laszlo Elod Aradi Rita Klebesz Eszter Sendula Robert J.Bodnar Istvan Janos Kovacs Karoly Hidas Bernardo Cesare Attila novak balazs Trasy csaba Szabo Lithosphere Fluid Research Lab Institute of Geography and Earth SciencesEotvos Lor and UniversityBudapestHungary Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre Institute for Nuclear ResearchHungarian Academy of SciencesDebrecenHungary CCFS-GEMOC Department of Earth and Planetary SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyAustralia Geodetic and Geophysical Institute Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesSopronHungary Fluids Research Laboratory Department of GeosciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVAUnited States MTA CSFK Lendület Pannon LitH2Oscope Research Group Geodetic and Geophysical InstituteResearch Centre for Astronomy and Earth SciencesHungarian Academy of SciencesSopronHungary Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de La Tierra CSIC&UGRArmillaGranadaSpain Department of Geosciences University of PaduaPaduaItaly Department of Geology Eotvos Lorand UniversityBudapestHungary

Clinopyroxene-enriched upper mantle xenoliths classified as wehrlites are common(~20% of all xenoliths) in the central part of the nograd-G(o| ")m(o|")r Volcanic Field(nGVF),situated in the northern margin of the Pannonian Basin in northern Hungary and southern *** this study,we thoroughly investigated 12 wehrlite xenoliths,two from each wehrlite-bearing occurrence,to determine the conditions of their *** textural features,including clinopyroxene-rich patches in an olivine-rich lithology,orthopyroxene remnants in the cores of newlyformed clinopyroxenes and vermicular spinel forms all suggest that wehrlites were formed as a result of intensive interaction between a metasomatic agent and the peridotite wall *** on the major and trace element geochemistry of the rock-forming minerals,significant enrichment in basaltic(Fe,Mn,Ti) and high field strength elements(nb,Ta,Hf,Zr) was observed,compared to compositions of common lherzolite *** presence of orthopyroxene remnants and geochemical trends in rock-forming minerals suggest that the metasomatic process ceased before complete wehrlitization was *** composition of the metasomatic agent is interpreted to be a mafic silicate melt,which was further confirmed by numerical modelling of trace elements using the plate *** model results also show that the melt/rock ratio played a key role in the degree of petrographic and geochemical *** lack of equilibrium and the conclusions drawn by using variable lherzolitic precursors in the model both suggest that wehrlitization was the last event that occurred shortly before xenolith entrainment in the host mafic *** suggest that the wehrlitization and the Plio-Pleistocene basaltic volcanism are related to the same magmatic event.

关键词： Wehrlite xenoliths Upper mantle metasomatism Mafic silicate melt Trace element modelling

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The Importance of Flapping Kinematic Parameters in the Facilitation of the Different Flight Modes of Dragonflies

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2021年第2期18卷 419-427页

作者： Xiaohui Liu csaba Hefler Wei Shyy Huihe Qiu Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong SARChina

To better understand dragonflies’remarkable flapping wing aerodynamic performance,we measured the kinematic parameters of the wings in two different flight modes(normal Flight Mode(nFM)and Escape Flight Mode(EFM)).When the specimens switched from normal to escape mode the flapping frequency was invariant,but the stroke plane of the wings was more horizontally *** flapping of both wings was adjusted to be more ventral with a change of the pitching angle that resulted in a larger angle of attack during downstroke and smaller during upstroke to affect the flow directions and the added mass ***,the phasing between the fore and hind pair of wings varies between two flight modes,which affects the wing-wing interaction as well as body *** is found that the momentum stream in the wake of EFM is qualitatively different from that in *** change of the stroke plane angle and the varied pitching angle of the wings diverts the momentum downwards,while the smaller flapping amplitude and less phase difference between the wings compresses the momentum *** seems that in order to achieve greater flight maneuverability a flight vehicle needs to actively control positional angle as well as the pitching angle of the flapping wings.

关键词： wing kinematics flight mode dragonfly flight aerodynamics

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Insight into the antifungal mechanism of neosartorya fischeri antifungal protein

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Protein & Cell 2015年第7期6卷 518-528页

作者： Mate Viragh Annamaria Marton csaba Vizier Liliana Toth csaba Vagvolgyi Florentine Marx Laszlo Galgoczy Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science and Informatics University of Szeged Szeged Hungary Institute of Biochemistry Biological Research Centre Hungarian Academy of Sciences Szeged Hungary Division of Molecular Biology Biocenter Innsbruck Medical University Innsbruck Austria

Small, cysteine-rich, highly stable antifungal proteins secreted by filamentous Ascomycetes have great po- tential for the development of novel antifungal strate- gies. However, their practical application is still limited due to their not fully clarified mode of action. The aim of this work was to provide a deep insight into the anti-fungal mechanism of neosartorya fischeri antifungal protein （nFAP）, a novel representative of this protein group. Within a short exposure time to nFAP, reduced cellular metabolism, apoptosis induction, changes in the actin distribution and chitin deposition at the hyphal tip were observed in nFAP-sensitive Aspergillus nidulans. nFAP did show neither a direct membrane disrupting- effect nor uptake by endocytosis. Investigation of A. nidulans signalling mutants revealed that nFAP acti- vates the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway via G-protein signalling which leads to apoptosis and inhibition of polar growth. In contrast, nFAP does not have any in- fluence on the cell wall integrity pathway, but an un- known cell wall integrity pathway-independent mitogen activated protein kinase A-activated target is assumed to be involved in the cell death induction. Taken to- gether, it was concluded that nFAP shows similarities, but also differences in its mode of antifungal action compared to two most investigated nFAP-related pro-teins from Aspergillus giganteus and Penicillium chrysogenum.

关键词： neosartorya fischeri antifungal protein,Aspergillus nidulans cAMP/Pka signalling Pkc/Mpksignalling antifungal mechanism

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