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High sodium causes hypertension: evidence from clinical trials and animal experiments

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第1期13卷 1-8页

作者： Vamsi Reddy arvind Sridhar Roberto F.Machado Jiwang Chen Section of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Sleep and Allergy Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago

Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease affecting approximately one out of every seven people worldwide. High-sodium consumption has been generally accepted as a risk factor for developing hypertension. Today, global sodium consumption greatly exceeds guidelines recommended by all medical institutions. This review synthesizes the data of landmark mammalian and human studies which investigated the role of sodium in the pathogenesis of hypertension, along with modern studies questioning this relationship. Recent studies concerning the potential pathways by which high-sodium concentration induces hypertension were reviewed. Human trials and population studies revealed a strong correlation between high blood pressure and average dietary sodium; and animal studies found a dramatic reduction in vascular function in a variety of mammals treated with high-sodium diets. In spite of a few contrarian studies, we found overwhelming evidence that elevated sodium consumption could cause hypertension

关键词： high salt hypertension clinical trial models, animal reviews

Formation characterization and rheological properties of zirconia and ceria-stabilized zirconia

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Natural Science 2010年第7期2卷 694-706页

作者： arvind k. Nikumbh Parag V. Adhyapak 不详

Zirconia and ceria-stabilized zirconia (12Ce-TZP) were synthesized by the dicarboxylate coprecipitation technique such as fumarate, succinate, tartarate and adipate. The formation of these dicarboxylate precursors was studied by elemental analysis, thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The precursors were further decomposed at 650oC for 2 hours to form respective zirconia and ceria-stabilized zirconia. The composition of these oxides was checked by Atomic absorption spectrometer and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The structural and morphological characterization of these oxides was done by using X-ray diffraction analysis, surface area, scanning electron micrographs and particle size distribution analysis. These properties were found depending to great extent on the nature of the precursors. The zirconia and ceria-stabilized zirconia obtained from adipate precursor were found to be good for slip- casting. The slips (i.e., suspensions) of these oxides with different solid contents were prepared at different pH with distilled water and ethanol as dispersing agents, with and without deflocculant. The suspension rheological flow (i.e., variation of shear stress and viscosity with shear rate) was determined. The minimum viscosities were observed at pH = 10.16 for ZrO2- water and pH = 10.26 for 12Ce–TZP-water system. The slip, green and sedimentation bulk density were measured.

关键词： Oxides Ceramics Chemical Synthesis Surface Properties

An Out-Break of Epidemic Dropsy in the Barabanki District of Uttar Pradesh,India:A Limited Trial for the Scope of Antioxidants in the Management of Symptoms

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1992年第3期5卷 251-256页

作者： arvind kUMAR FIDA HUSAIN MUkUL DAS S.k.kHANNA Reader Department of Medicine Dyes and Food Adulterant Toxicology Laboratory Industrial Toxicology Research Centre Gandhi Memorial and Associated Hospitals King George Medical College Lucknow.Private Practitioner Indira Market BarabankiP.O.Box No.'80Mahatma Gandhi MargLucknow 226001IndiaTo whom all correspondence should be addressed at ITRC

An attempt was made to explore the scope of the bio-antioxidants in the management of symptoms of epidemic dropsy caused by argemone alkaloids, sanguinarine and dihydrosanguinarine. The study was performed on 24 randomly selected epidemic dropsy cases who consumed argemone contaminated mustard oil. On examination the cases revealed characteristic pitting edema over limbs (95.8%) accompanied by tenderness (79.2%) and diffuse erythema (95.8%). Tachycardia was present in 1/3 of the examined cases while evelated jugular venous pressure was seen in over 40% of the cases. In two of the cases, reddish-purplish blotches over lower limbs, not raised and which blanched on pressure, was an unusual feature. Chest X-ray revealed pulmonary congestion in 5 cases. ECG performed in 3 cases with severe breathlessness, showed non-specific ST-T changes most marked in L2,L3, avF and V2-V6 which reversed on recovery. Treatment with a combination of antioxidants, riboflavin and tocopherol showed improvement in pain in lower limbs (75%), edema (83.3%) and erythema (66.6%).

关键词： An Out-Break of Epidemic Dropsy in the Barabanki District of Uttar Pradesh India

Comparison of base-isolated liquid storage tank models under bi-directional earthquakes

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Natural Science 2013年第8期5卷 27-37页

作者： Sandip kumar Saha Vasant A. Matsagar arvind k. Jain Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi New Delhi India Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi New Delhi India

Seismic response of ground supported baseisolated liquid storage tanks are evaluated under bi-directional earthquakes. The base-isolated liquid storage tanks are modeled using mechanical analogs with two and three lumped masses (Model 1 and Model 2). Two types of isolation systems, such as sliding system and elastomeric system, are considered for the present study. The isolation systems are modeled using Wen’s equation for hysteretic isolation systems. Response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks, evaluated through two different modeling approaches, is compared. Both the models predict similar sloshing displacement. The effect of interaction between the mutually perpendicular seismic responses of the isolator is investigated for both the models. It is observed that interaction affects the peak seismic response of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks significantly, under the bi-directional earthquake components.

关键词： Base Isolation Bi-Directional Earthquake Interaction Liquid Sloshing Tank

Post Millennium Development Goals Prospect on Child Mortality in India: An Analysis Using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) Model

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Health 2016年第15期8卷 1845-1872页

作者： Partha De Damodar Sahu arvind Pandey B. k. Gulati Nomita Chandhiok arvind kumar Shukla Pavitra Mohan Raj Gautam Mitra Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata India National Institute of Medical Statistics ICMR Ansari Nagar New Delhi India Indian Council of Medical Research New Delhi India Subharti Medical College Meerut India UNICEF New Delhi India

Background & Objectives: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are set up as a part of the Post Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Then it becomes essential to review the achievement of the MDGs in India and lessons learned to incorporate into the SDGs. The present study reviews and predicts different components of under-five mortality rate beyond 2015 to assess the present situation and to determine the future possibilities of achieving the new targets for SDGs in India. Data and Methods: It uses available time series data on different components of U5MR from the India’s Sample Registration System (SRS). Autoregressive Integrated Moving Averages (ARIMA) model has been taken as the method of time series analysis to forecast the mortality rates beyond 2015. Results: There is a consistent pattern of faster decline in the under-five mortality compared with the neonatal mortality rate across all major states in India although neonatal mortality contributes largest share in under-five mortality. Again, share of neonatal death among under-five death is increasing steadily over the future projected years. This indicates very slow progress of reduction in neonatal mortality. Stimulating efforts with new intervention programmes will be needed to focus more on lowering neonatal mortality particularly in rural India.

关键词： Under-Five Mortality Infant Mortality Neonatal Mortality Sustainable Development Goals Post-2015 Development Agenda ARIMA Model Mortality Projection

Multiple Sexual Partners and Vulnerability to HIV: A Study of Patterns of Sexual Behaviour in the Slum Population of India

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World Journal of AIDS 2014年第4期4卷 373-381页

作者： Pravin k. Jha Damodar Sahu k. Srikanth Reddy Padum Narayan arvind Pandey Centre for Study of Regional Development Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India National Institute of Medical Statistics New Delhi India

Globally, research indicates that monogamous married women living in slums are at heightened risk of HIV men’s risky sexual behaviour. Hence, to reduce the risk of HIV transmission, there is need to understand the number, nature and variation in transition of sexual partners of men in living in slums. This paper uses India’s National Family Health Survey-3 data to estimate the variation in the type of sexual partners among sexually active men age 15 - 54 with more than one sexual partner in last 12 months prior to the survey in eight slums?of India. Among sexually active men, 1.3 percent reported having more than one sexual partner in the last 12 months prior to the survey. Men who are more likely to have two or more partners are those who are young, especially below age 25 years, never married, educated up to 5 years, and from middle class. There is a higher increase in the probability of sex with spouse from second last to the last sexual partner in non-slum areas than slum areas. However, in case of transition from other friends/relatives and female sex workers to spousal partners, there is a major decline in probability among non-slum men than slum men. These transitions are extremely important from the perspective of curbing the spread of HIV epidemic, especially in situations where women lack control over their own sexuality and seldom use condom in marital sex. Therefore, strategies focused in slums should either consider reducing men’s risky sexual behaviour or build capacities of women to negotiate safe sex in marital relationships or consider a combination of both.

关键词： Slum Sexual Partners Transition Probability

A Comprehensive Transcriptome Assembly of Pigeonpea （Cajanus cajan L.） using Sanger and Second-Generation Sequencing Platforms

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Molecular Plant 2012年第5期5卷 1020-1028页

作者： Himabindu kudapa arvind k. Bharti Steven B. Cannon Andrew D. Farmer Benjamin Mulaosmanovi Robin kramer Abhishek Bohra Nathan T. Weeks John A. Crow Reetu Tuteja Trushar Shah Sutapa Dutta Deepak k. Gupta Archana Singh kishor Gaikwad Tilak R. Sharma Gregory D. May Nagendra k. Singh Rajeev k. Varshney International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Patancheru 502324 india National Center for Genome Resources (NCGR) Santa Fe NM 87505 USA United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit Ames IA USA National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (NRCPB) Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi 110 012 India Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Amens IA USA CGIAR Generation Challenge Programme (GCP) c/o ClMMYT 06600 Mexico DF Mexico

A comprehensive transcriptome assembly for pigeonpea has been developed by analyzing 128.9 million short Illumina GA IIx single end reads, 2.19 million single end FLX/454 reads, and 18 353 Sanger expressed sequenced tags from more than 16 genotypes. The resultant transcriptome assembly, referred to as CcTA v2, comprised 21 434 transcript as- sembly contigs （TACs） with an N50 of 1510 bp, the largest one being -8 kb. Of the 21 434 TACs, 16 622 （77.5%） could be mapped on to the soybean genome build 1.0.9 under fairly stringent alignment parameters. Based on knowledge of intron junctions, 10 009 primer pairs were designed from 5033 TACs for amplifying intron spanning regions （ISRs）. By using in silico mapping of BAC-end-derived SSR loci of pigeonpea on the soybean genome as a reference, putative mapping posi- tions at the chromosome level were predicted for 6284 ISR markers, covering all 11 pigeonpea chromosomes. A subset of 128 ISR markers were analyzed on a set of eight genotypes. While 116 markers were validated, 70 markers showed one to three alleles, with an average of 0.16 polymorphism information content （PIC） value. In summary, the CcTA v2 transcript assembly and ISR markers will serve as a useful resource to accelerate genetic research and breeding applications in pigeonpea.

关键词： Cajanus cajan (L.) second-generation sequencing transcriptome assembly intron spanning region (ISR)markers.

Insight to drug delivery aspects for colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第2期22卷 582-599页

作者： arvind Gulbake Aviral Jain Ashish Jain Ankit Jain Sanjay k Jain Center for Interdisciplinary Research D.Y.Patil UniversityKolhapur 416006MaharashtraIndia Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory Department of PharmaceuticsRavishankar College of PharmacyBhopal 462010Madhya PradeshIndia Pharmaceutics Research Projects Laboratory Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesDr.Hari Singh Gour Central UniversitySagar 470003Madhya PradeshIndia

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed worldwide in human beings. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapiesare the conventional four approaches which are currently used for the treatment of CRC. The site specific delivery of chemotherapeutics to their site of action would increase effectiveness with reducing side effects. Targeted oral drug delivery systems based on polysaccharides are being investigated to target and deliver chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents directly to colon and rectum. Site-specific drug delivery to colon increases its concentration at the target site, and thus requires a lower dose and hence abridged side effects. Some novel therapies are also briefly discussed in article such as receptor(epidermal growth factor receptor, folate receptor, wheat germ agglutinin, VEGF receptor, hyaluronic acid receptor) based targeting therapy; colon targeted proapoptotic anticancer drug delivery system, gene therapy. Even though good treatment options are available for CRC, the ultimate therapeutic approach is to avert the incidence of CRC. It was also found that CRCs could be prevented by diet and nutrition such as calcium, vitamin D, curcumin, quercetin and fish oil supplements. Immunotherapy and vaccination are used nowadays which are showing better results against CRC.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Receptor based targetedtherapy Gene delivery

Specific interaction of hepatitis C virus glycoproteins with mannan binding lectin inhibits virus entry

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Protein & Cell 2010年第7期1卷 664-674页

作者： kristelle S.Brown Michael J.keogh Ania M.Owsianka Richard Adair arvind H.Patel James N.Arnold Jonathan k.Ball Robert B.Sim Alexander W.Tarr Timothy P.Hickling Institute of Infection Immunity and InflammationSchool of Molecular Medical SciencesThe University of NottinghamQueen’s Medical CentreNottinghamNG72UHUK The Medical Research Council-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research University of GlasgowChurch StreetGlasgowG115JRUK MRC Immunochemistry Unit Department of BiochemistryUniversity of OxfordOX13QUUK Present address:Vitrology Biotech 5 South AvenueClydebank Business ParkGlasgowG812LGUK Present address:Pfizer Technologies Ltd. Ramsgate RoadSandwichKentCT139NJUK

Mannan-binding lectin(MBL)is a soluble innate immune protein that binds to glycosylated *** acts as an opsonin and activates complement,contributing to the destruction and clearance of infecting *** C virus(HCV)encodes two envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2,expressed as non-covalent E1/E2 heterodimers in the viral envelope.E1 and E2 are potential ligands for *** we describe an analysis of the interaction between HCV and MBL using recombinant soluble E2 ectodomain fragment,the full-length E1/E2 heterodimer,expressed in vitro,and assess the effect of this interaction on virus entry.A binding assay using antibody capture of full length E1/E2 heterodimers was used to demonstrate calcium dependent,saturating binding of MBL to HCV *** with various saccharides further confirmed that the interaction was via the lectin domain of *** binds to E1/E2 representing a broad range of virus *** was shown to neutralize the entry into Huh-7 cells of HCV pseudoparticles(HCVpp)bearing E1/E2 from a wide range of *** were neutralized to varying *** was also shown to neutralize an authentic cell culture infectious virus,strain JFH-1(HCVcc).Furthermore,binding of MBL to E1/E2 was able to activate the complement system via MBL-associated serine protease *** conclusion,MBL interacts directly with HCV glycoproteins,which are present on the surface of the virion,resulting in neutralization of HCV particles.

关键词： hepatitis C virus neutralization mannose binding lectin chronic viral infection