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Bioactivity profile of dissolved organic matter and its relation to molecular composition

Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2023年第1期13卷 425-440页

作者： Teresa S.Catalá Linn G.Speidel arlette wenzel-storjohann Thorsten Dittmar Deniz Tasdemir Global Society Institute WälderhausHamburgGermany Organization for Science Education and Global Society gGmbHStuttgartGermany ICBM-MPI Bridging Group for Marine Geochemistry Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment(ICBM)University of OldenburgOldenburgGermany Geological Institute Department of Earth SciencesETH Zurich8092 ZurichSwitzerland GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology Research Unit Marine Natural Products ChemistryGEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research KielAm Kiel-Kanal 4424106 KielGermany Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity University of OldenburgOldenburgGermany Kiel University Christian-Albrechts-Platz 424118 KielGermany

Dissolved organic matter(DOM)occupies a huge and uncharted molecular *** its properties,DOM can be presented as a promising biotechnological ***,research into bioactivities of DOM is still in early *** this study,the biotechnological potential of terrestrial and marine DOM,its molecular composition and their relationships are *** were screened for their in vitro antibacterial,antifungal,anticancer and antioxidant *** activity was detected against Staphylococcus aureus in almost all DOM samples,with freshwater DOM showing the lowest IC50 *** samples also inhibited Staphylococcus epidermidis,and four DOM extracts showed up to fourfold higher potency than the reference *** activity was limited to only porewater DOM towards human dermatophyte Trichophyton *** significant in vitro anticancer activity was *** antioxidant potential was *** molecular characterization by FT-ICR MS allowed a broad compositional *** main distinguished groups have been identified by PCoA *** activities are related to high aromaticity content and highly-unsaturated molecular formulae(O-poor).Antifungal effect is correlated with highly-unsaturated molecular formulae(O-rich).Antioxidant activity is positively related to the presence of double bonds and *** study evidenced for the first time antibacterial and antifungal activity in DOM with potential applications in cosmeceutical,pharmaceutical and aquaculture *** lack of cytotoxicity and the almost unlimited presence of this organic material may open new avenues in future marine bioprospect-ing efforts.

关键词： Dissolved organic matter Antibacterial activity Antifungal activity Antioxidant activity Molecular composition

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Larval development and voracity of Eupeodes americanus (Diptera: Syrphidae): comparison of the focal prey Aphis gossypi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the banker prey Rhopalosiphum padi (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 575-586页

作者： arlette Fauteux Antonio Onofre Soares Eric Lucas Laboratoire de lutte biologique Departement des sciences biologiquesUniversite du Quebec a Montreal(UQAM)MontrealQuebecCanada Faculty of Science and Technology Center for Ecology Evolution and Environmental ChangesAzorean Biodiversity Group(cE3c-ABG)&CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability InstitutePonta DelgadaPortugal

Unlike European species,the potential of Nearctic syrphids as biological control agents is still poorly ***,the American hoverfly,Eupeodes americanus(Wiedemann),has recently demonstrated promising traits as a biocontrol agent,notably against the foxglove aphid,Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach,on *** present study aims to extend our knowledge of the American hoverfly by evaluating its potential as a biocontrol agent in a banker plant system against the melon aphid,Aphis gossypi Glover,in a greenhouse cucumber *** preimaginal development and voracity of *** were compared when preying upon the focal prey/pest(***)or the banker prey(bird cherry-oat aphid,Rhopalosiphum padi L.)by daily observations of larvae from egg to *** development time,survival rate,and occurrence of deformation were similar on both prey *** weight of third instar and pupae,however,was higher for larvae that fed on the banker *** ad libitum voracity of the syrphid larvae was generally very high and did not significantly differ between prey species,except for the third-instar larvae which consumed more focal *** suggest that a banker plant system involving the bird cherry-oat aphid may be a promising tactic for utilizing *** for melon aphid biocontrol.

关键词： american hoverfly banker plant system biological control bird cherry-oat aphid greenhouse cucumber melon aphid

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The Place of Nursing Theory in the Management of Post-Operative Infections in a Hospital Environment: Case of Cibitoke District Hospital

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Open Journal of Nursing 2024年第5期14卷 225-238页

作者： Onésime Nduwimana Le Béni Bugingo arlette Ntigura Ishimwe Abias Nibaruta Faculty of Health Sciences Hope Africa University Bujumbura Burundi Faculty of Health Sciences Integrated Polytechnic University Cibitoke Burundi

Introduction: Post-operative infections, such as surgical site infections (SSIs), are a significant concern in healthcare settings. Nurses play a crucial role in the prevention and management of these infections. The use of nursing theory could contribute to the prevention of SSIs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of nursing theory in the management of surgical site infections (SSIs) in a hospital environment. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using descriptive and analytical methods to assess the role of nursing theory in the management of Post-operative infections (POI) in a hospital setting in October 2023. The study population consisted of nurses working in the Surgery, Emergency, and Maternity units at Cibitoke District Hospital. A sample size of 71 nurses working full or part time in the Surgery were invited to participate in this study. A questionnaire was used to collect the data, and SPSS version 21.0 software was used for analysis. Results: The study found that nursing theory did not have any statistically significant place in the management of POI (p-value = 0.523). However, the results showed that experience was the only significant factor influencing the management of POI (p-value = 0.004). This is explained by the analysis of the net effects of the explanatory variable where we noticed that those who had more experience were more likely to manage post-operative infections. The participants’ knowledge regarding nursing theory in the management was poor as they scored less than 30% in all the variables used to measure their knowledge. Conclusion: The study revealed that nurses’ knowledge of nursing theories and their applications in the management of SSIs was poor. Continuing professional development, curriculum review, and in-service training were highly recommended.

关键词： Nurses Postoperative Infection Surgical Site Infections Management Nursing Theory

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Thoracoscopy in Cameroon: Indications, Technics and Short Term Results

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Surgical Science 2024年第4期15卷 278-288页

作者： Guy Aristide Bang Richard II Mbele Fabrice Stephane Arroye Betou arlette Joelle Moukitek Banaken Amos Bella Ela Charles Mve Mvondo Arthur Essomba Department of Surgery and Specialities Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Yaound&#233 I University Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Surgery and Specialities Yaound&#233 Teaching Hospital Yaound&#233 Cameroon General Surgery Service Mvog-Ada District Hospital Yaound&#233 Cameroon Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery Yaound&#233 General Hospital Yaound&#233 Cameroon Cardiac Center Shisong St. Elizabeth Catholic General Hospital Shisong Kumbo Cameroon

Introduction: Thoracoscopy is a video-assisted surgical approach that mirrors the techniques used in thoracotomy. Our aim is to map the current state of thoracoscopy practice in Cameroon’s hospitals. Methods: This was a descriptive study that collected both retrospective and prospective data over 57 months across four hospitals in Cameroon. It included 13 patients and focused on variables such as socio-demographic factors, clinical profiles, surgical procedures, and postoperative follow-up. Results: Thirteen patients, predominantly male (84.6%, n = 11), with a mean age of 37.5 ± 16 years, were enrolled. Alcohol use (61.5%) and smoking (38.5%) were the most common past histories. The major complaints were dyspnea (84.6%) and chest pain (58.3%). The primary surgical procedure was clot-free thoracoscopy in 30.8% of cases, mainly for persistent hemothorax (41.8%). Most surgeries were elective (76.9%) and performed under general anesthesia with selective intubation (61.5%). The most common approach was single-port thoracoscopy (U-VATS) (76.9%), with no reported difficulties;however, one intraoperative incident occurred and was successfully treated. Drainage was performed systematically in all patients, and one case required conversion to open surgery. Postoperative complications were minor (Clavien-Dindo grade I) and mainly consisted of pain, with a mortality rate of 15.4%. No significant association was found between risk factors and the occurrence of complications or postoperative mortality. Conclusion: Thoracoscopy, a novel approach in our context, primarily focuses on minor thoracic surgeries.

关键词： Thoracoscopy Single-Port Hemothorax Cameroon

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Prevalence and Study of the Clonality of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains in Neonatology at the University Hospitals of Abidjan by the Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis and the Quantitative Antibiogram

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第9期14卷 416-429页

作者： Valérie M’Bengue Gbonon Sidjè arlette Afran Stanislas Assohoun Egomli Djeda Franck Arnaud Gnahoré Aboubakar Sylla N’Golo David Coulibaly Nathalie Guessennd Assanvo Simon-Pierre N’Guetta Mireille Dosso Antibiotics Natural Substances and Anti-Infectious Resistance Surveillance Unit Pasteur Institute of Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire Molecular Genetics Platform Pasteur Institute of Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire Genetics and Species Improvement Laboratory Flix Houphout Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire Mechanics and Computer Sciences Laboratory Flix Houphout Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire Biology and Health Laboratory Flix Houphout Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire Molecular Biology Platform Pasteur Institute of Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Background: ESBL-producing strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, one of the main causes of nosocomial and hospital-acquired infections, are commonly associated with therapeutic impasses. Surveillance of these multidrug-resistant pathogens is a crucial tool for controlling and preventing infections. This surveillance involves the use of appropriate molecular and phenotypic typing techniques. The choice of techniques is based on criteria such as discriminatory power, intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility, epidemiological concordance, ease of use and cost. The aim of our study was to identify clusters of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-K. pneumoniae) strains circulating in neonatology using quantitative antibiogram (QA) and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 55 K. pneumoniae strains isolated from a total of 513 samples. These various samples are taken from newborns, healthcare personnel, and the environment. K. pneumoniae identification followed standard bacteriological procedures and was confirmed using the Vitek® 2 (bioMérieux). The detection of the ESBL phenotype was performed using the synergy test. QA and PFGE were used to identify clonal relationships between the various strains isolated. Concordance between these two methods was assessed by calculating Cohen’s KAPPA coefficient and Simpson’s diversity index. Results: Among the 55 K. pneumoniae strains included in this study, 58.2% (32/55) were found to be Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producers. Most of these strains were isolated from neonatal samples (blood samples and rectal swabs). The quantitative antibiogram method applied to 28 out of the 32 ESBL-producing strains revealed that the isolates were grouped into 5 clusters. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis performed on a total of 16 ESBL-producing strains showed the existence of four profiles. A perfect concordance was observed between the two m

关键词： Resistance-Clone-Klebsiella pneumoniae-Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis-Quantitative Antibiogram

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Comparative Study of Gut Microbiota in Breast Cancer Patients versus Controls in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第9期14卷 405-415页

作者： M’Bengue Gbonon Valérie Gnahore Djeda Franck Kouadio Kouamé Assohoun Stanislas Coulibaly Safiatou Diplo Flore Bernadette Sekongo Mamadou Osseni Akandji Afran Sidje arlette N’Guessan Jean-David Dosso Mireille Molecular Genetics Platform Institut Pasteur de Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratory of Biology and Health UFR Biosciences Flix Houphout Boigny University Abidjan Cte dIvoire Department of Environment and Health Institut Pasteur de Cte dIvoire Abidjan Cte dIvoire Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Group National Computing Center of Cte dIvoire Flix Houphout Boigny University Bingerville Cte dIvoire National Blood Transfusion Center Abidjan Cte dIvoire Oncology Department Treichville University Hospital Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Context: The gut microbiota represents a complex ecosystem encompassing all unicellular microorganisms residing in the digestive tract, primarily bacteria, fungi, archaea, and even viruses. The relationship between the host and the microbiota is symbiotic: bacteria benefit from a stable environment, while the host gains numerous capabilities in terms of digestion, metabolism, nutrition, and immunity. However, numerous studies suggest that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in various non-communicable diseases, including obesity, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, allergic and immune disorders, behavioral disorders, and even certain cancers. The objective of our study was to characterize the gut microbiota of a group of breast cancer patients by comparing it to that of control subjects in Côte d’Ivoire, using a metagenomic approach. Method: A case-control study was conducted from May 2020 to September 2023. A total of 85 women (39 cases and 46 controls) were recruited, and stool samples were collected from both breast cancer patients and healthy women. Among these, ten (10) samples from patients and ten (10) samples from healthy women were randomly selected for the study of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota was characterized by sequencing the V4 region of 16S rRNA using metagenomic NGS technology, and bioinformatic analysis was performed using the mothur pipeline. Results: In women with breast cancer, we observed a reduction in the relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, as well as an increase in the phyla Actinobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Additionally, their microbiota exhibited lower Chao1 and Sobs diversities compared to the control women (p < 0.05). Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) revealed a significant difference between the case and control groups (p < 0.001). This study has highlighted a significant difference in the relative abundance of major phyla within the gut microbiota of cases compared to healthy controls. It wil

关键词： Gut Microbiota 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Breast Cancer Dysbiosis

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Role of bacteria in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第42期13卷 5571-5576页

作者： Nicolas Barnich arlette Darfeuille-Michaud Pathogénie Bactérienne Intestinale Univ Clermont 1 USC INRA 2018 Clermont-Ferrand F-63001 and Institut Universitaire de Technologie en Génie Biologique Aubière F-63172 France

Increased numbers of mucosa-associated Escherichia coli are observed in both of the major inflammatory bowel diseases,Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC).A potential pathophysiological link between the presence of pathogenic invasive bacteria and genetic host susceptibility of patients with ileal CD is *** CD patients,with increased ileal expression of the CEACAM6 molecule acting as a receptor recognized by type 1 pilus bacterial adhesin,and with the identification of mutations in the NOD2-encoding gene,the presence of pathogenic invasive bacteria could be the link between abnormal ileal bacterial colonization and innate immune responses to invasive *** a susceptible host,the sequential etiological steps of the disease induced by adherent-invasive ***(AIEC)are:(1)abnormal colonization via binding to the CEACAM6 receptor,which is overexpressed in the ileal mucosa of CD patients;(2)ability to adhere to and to invade intestinal epithelial cells,which allows bacteria to cross the mucosal barrier;(3)survival and replication within infected macrophages in the lamina propria;and(4)induction of tumor necrosis factor-α secretion and granuloma formation.

关键词： Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli Crohn's disease Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerative colitis

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Preliminary data of life history traits of Mormyridae(Actinopterygii:Teleostei)in the Upper Sanaga River,Central Region of Cameroon

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2022年第6期7卷 653-659页

作者： Claudine Tekounegning Tiogue arlette Nadine Souk Ngo Guegang Tekou Joseph Tchoumboue Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology and Hydrobiology School of WoodWater and Natural ResourcesFaculty of Agronomy and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of DschangEbolowa AntennaP.O.Box 786Cameroon Laboratory of Applied Ichthyology and Hydrobiology Department of Animal ProductionsFaculty of Agronomy and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of DschangEbolowa AntennaP.O.Box 222Cameroon

The present study on some biological aspects of the Mormyridae fishes,was conducted between May and August 2015 in the Upper Sanaga at L´eki´e Department(Monat´el´e Town),Center *** this purpose,125 specimens collected by local fishermen were *** were identified and measured,and their feeding and reproductive parameters were obtained after *** catch composition of 4 species(Campylomormyrus phantasticus,Mormyrops anguilloides,Mormyrus macrophtalamus,Mormyrus tapirus)of Mormyridae identified in the region was very low(17%–30%).The mean±standard deviation of total weight and total length were 103.14±37.83 g and 27.47±4.84 cm,*** minimum and maximum size(of 21.1 cm and 43 cm)were recorded from *** and ***,*** mean±standard deviation of the relative length and mass of the digestive tract were 0.35%±0.20%and 5.27%±23.20%,respectively confirming that Mormyridae fish species have a strict carnivorous diet and consume prey that are difficult to *** size frequency distribution of the Mormyridae fishes showed that the majority of the fish caught are small sizes in classes 23–26 cm and 26–29 cm in ***,*** and *** did not record small specimens,however,it recorded larger sized specimens(41–44 cm)compared to the *** sex ratio ranged from 1M:1.14F(***)to 1M:4F(***),mean 1M:2.04F has been generally in favour of *** gonadosomatic index(GSI)was generally low in all ***,it was higher in females of *** and *** compared to other *** hepatosomatic index(HSI)was weakly correlated with the GSI in these species.

关键词： Mormyridae Endogenous species Reproduction Tropical river

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Secondary School Girl's Experience in Science Subjects Choice: A Case Study of Northern Cameroon

Secondary School Girl's Experience in Science Subjects Choic...

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作者： Oyamb Itomp arlette Michele 浙江师范大学

学位级别：硕士

中学女生在科学领域的性别差距持续阻碍着整个非洲的经济增长、竞争力和繁荣,特别是在中部非洲的喀麦隆。传统意义上,包括数学、技术和工程在内的科学科目一直被女生视为男性的研究领域,而包括艺术、人文和语言在内的文科科目则被视为... 详细信息

中学女生在科学领域的性别差距持续阻碍着整个非洲的经济增长、竞争力和繁荣,特别是在中部非洲的喀麦隆。传统意义上,包括数学、技术和工程在内的科学科目一直被女生视为男性的研究领域,而包括艺术、人文和语言在内的文科科目则被视为女性的研究分支。本研究关注女生在科学科目的代表性不足问题,重点关注对学校和行政区域进行改革的迫切需要,旨在积极影响教育实践的变化,通过增加女生的代表性来提高女生在科学领域的参与度。从历史上看,改革之所以采取不同的形式,仅仅是因为改革者的动机不同。教育改革的重点是改变现有系统,重点关注女性性别成就,这在21世纪的学习中尤为明显。本研究发现:更大的信心会带来更大的兴趣,反之亦然。研究指出了影响中学女生对科学的动机和信心的因素,这些因素可以推动女性在科学领域的发展。本研究利用布朗芬布伦纳(Urie Bronfenbrenner)的人类发展生物生态模型,假设影响女孩在科学领域的发展受几个因素影响,例如:传统观念、课外科学活动、榜样、指导机会、学术准备以及数学/科学教师的影响。此研究为质性研究,深入分析阻碍女生积极参与科学学习的各种障碍,其目的在于为解决中学女生在科学科目中的代表性不足问题提供新的策略。研究结果可以为教育工作者、行政人员和政策制定者提供信息和指导,以制定支持和鼓励中学女生参与科学课程的计划和政策。本研究采用了对来自喀麦隆北部首都马鲁阿的多马约、杜阿拉雷、卡卡塔雷和帕拉尔中学四所学校的家长、学生、数学和科学教师、管理人员和辅导员的结构化和非结构化访谈调查方法。数据收集还包括在线采访,通过Zoom和微信等平台的视频会议、Whats App的视频模式,对喀麦隆马鲁阿师范大学毕业的老师们进行视频通话,并将数据使用Nvivo等软件进行转录和分析。

关键词：科学科目学习参与中学女生学业表现

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Modelling Nitrate Pollution Vulnerability in the Brussel’s Capital Region (Belgium) Using Data-Driven Modelling Approaches

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第5期12卷 416-430页

作者： Marnik Vanclooster Sébastien Petit Patrick Bogaert arlette Lietar Earth and Life Institute Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium Institut Bruxellois de la Gestion de l’Environnement Brussels Belgium

Groundwater vulnerability for nitrate pollution of groundwater in the Brussel’s Capital Region was modelled using data-driven modelling approaches. The land use in the study area is heterogeneous. The South South-Eastern part of the region is forested, while the remaining part is urbanised. Groundwater nitrate concentration data were determined at 48 measurement stations distributed over the study area. In addition, oxygen and nitrogen isotope concentration of the nitrates were determined. The data show that the groundwater body is degraded, particularly in the urbanised part of the study area. The contamination with nitrates at degraded stations is slightly decreasing, while the opposite is true for the nitrate contamination at the less degraded stations. We modelled the contamination and trends of nitrate contamination using linear and non-linear statistical modelling techniques. In total, we defined 23 spatially distributed proxy variables that could explain nitrate contamination of the groundwater body. These proxy variables were defined at the grid size of 10 m, and averaged over the influence zone of each measurement station. The influence zones were identified using a simplified particle tracking algorithm from the groundwater piezometric map. The calculated influence zones were consistent with results obtained from a detailed numerical groundwater flow and transport model. Stepwise regression allowed explaining 56% of the observed variability of nitrate contaminations, while non-linear artificial neural network modelling allows explaining nearly 60% of the variability. The dominant explaining variables are the percentage of impermeable surface, the percentage of the sewage system that is in a degradation state, the number of urban infrastructure construction permits with a high pollution risk, the size of the influence zone, and the depth of the groundwater sampling. These results illustrate the important role of urban infrastructure on groundwater degradati

关键词： Nitrate Contamination Groundwater Vulnerability Machine Learning Nitrate Isotope Tracing

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