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Imaging biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease and Parkinsonian syndromes:current and emerging concepts

Translational neurodegeneration 2017年第1期6卷 67-91页

作者： Usman Saeed Jordana Compagnone Richard I.Aviv Antonio P.Strafella Sandra E.Black anthony E.Lang Mario Masellis Institute of Medical Science Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada LC Campbell Cognitive neurology Research Unit Sunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoCanada Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto and Division of NeuroradiologySunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoCanada Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada Division of Brain Imaging&Behaviour-Systems NeuroscienceToronto Western HospitalTorontoCanada Division of neurology Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada Heart&Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoCanada Movement Disorders Centre Toronto Western HospitalTorontoCanada Edmond J.Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease University Health NetworkTorontoCanada Cognitive&Movement Disorders Clinic Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre2075 Bayview Ave.Room A4-55TorontoOntario M4N 3 M5Canada

Two centuries ago in 1817,James Parkinson provided the first medical description of Parkinson’s disease,later refined by Jean-Martin Charcot in the mid-to-late 19th century to include the atypical parkinsonian variants(also termed,Parkinson-plus syndromes).Today,Parkinson’s disease represents the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an estimated global prevalence of over 10 ***,atypical parkinsonian syndromes encompass a group of relatively heterogeneous disorders that may share some clinical features with Parkinson’s disease,but are uncommon distinct clinicopathological *** of scientific advancements have vastly improved our understanding of these disorders,including improvements in in vivo imaging for biomarker *** imaging for the visualization of structural and functional brain changes is especially important,as it allows a‘window’into the underlying pathophysiological *** this article,we first present an overview of the cardinal clinical and neuropathological features of,1)synucleinopathies:Parkinson’s disease and other Lewy body spectrum disorders,as well as multiple system atrophy,and 2)tauopathies:progressive supranuclear palsy,and corticobasal degeneration.A comprehensive presentation of wellestablished and emerging imaging biomarkers for each disorder are then *** for the following imaging modalities are reviewed:1)structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)using T1,T2,and susceptibilityweighted sequences for volumetric and voxel-based morphometric analyses,as well as MRI derived visual signatures,2)diffusion tensor MRI for the assessment of white matter tract injury and microstructural integrity,3)proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantifying proton-containing brain metabolites,4)single photon emission computed tomography for the evaluation of nigrostriatal integrity(as assessed by presynaptic dopamine transporters and postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors),a

关键词： Biomarkers Parkinson’s disease Atypical parkinsonian syndrome MRI PET SPECT Diffusion tensor imaging Molecular imaging Myocardial scintigraphy Transcranial sonography

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Degradation of n-Acyl Homoserine Lactone Quorum Sensing Signals by Bacillus thuringiensis AHL Lactonase

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第11期13卷 526-538页

作者： Waeel H. Alramadhan anthony Ejiofor Terrance Johnson Department of Biological Sciences Tennessee State University Nashville Tennessee USA

Bacterial cells rely on signaling molecules to communicate with others from the same species and induce certain genes in a process known as quorum sensing (QS). A common molecule is n-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) which is responsible for the expression of virulence and other factors that allow the organisms to compete in a given environment. On the other hand, other bacteria produce certain enzymes such as AHL-lactonase that break down AHL molecules and prevent gene expression of these factors. The aim of this work was to examine the level of degradation of AHL molecules by AHL-lactonase in 62 Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains isolated from Middle Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama. n-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL) and n-3-oxo-hexanoyl homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL), which cause Chromobacterium violaceum (CV026) to produce a purple pigment were tested at different concentrations to view the Bt lactonase activity. In addition, PCR was used to test for the presence of the lactonase gene. The results showed that among the 62 Bt strains, there were 58 that possessed the AHL-lactonase (aiiA) gene and 48 strains were able to degrade C6-HSL. At high concentrations of AHL, only 13 strains were able to completely degrade C6-HSL. In addition, degradation of 3-oxo-C6-HSL was weak compared to C6-HSL. The results also revealed that AHL lactonase was thermostable, and it was concluded that the level of degradation varies in Bt strains. Only 13 of the strains studied have potent inhibitory activity against C6-HSL, which may be good to be used in field applications to control agricultural pest.

关键词： Quorum Sensing Quorum Sensing Inhibitor n-Acyl Homoserine Lactone AHL Lactonase Bacillus thuringiensis CV026

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Retrograde-viewing device improves adenoma detection rate in colonoscopies for surveillance and diagnostic workup

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第26期18卷 3400-3408页

作者： Peter D Siersema Amit Rastogi Anke M Leufkens Paul A Akerman Kassem Azzouzi Richard I Rothstein Frank P Vleggaar Alessandro Repici Giacomo Rando Patrick I Okolo Olivier Dewit Ana Ignjatovic Elizabeth Odstrcil James East Pierre H Deprez Brian P Saunders anthony n Kalloo Bradley Creel Vikas Singh Anne Marie Lennon Daniel C DeMarco Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Medical Center Utrecht3508 GA UtrechtThe Netherlands Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kansas City Veterans Administration Medical CenterKansas CityMO 64128United States Department of Gastroenterology Bayside Endoscopy Center33 Staniford StreetProvidenceRI 02905United States Department of Gastroenterology Cliniques Universitaires Saint-LucUniversité Catholique de LouvainB-1200 BrusselsBelgium Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical CenterOne Medical Center DriveLebanonNH 03756United States Department of Gastroenterology Istituto Clinico Humanitas20089 RozzanoItaly Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyJohns Hopkins HospitalBaltimoreMD 21205United States Wolfson Unit for Endoscopy St.Mark's HospitalHarrow HA1 3UJUnited Kingdom Department of Internal Medicine Division of GastroenterologyBaylor University Medical CenterDallasTX 75246United States

AIM:To determine which patients might benefit most from retrograde viewing during colonoscopy through subset analysis of randomized,controlled trial ***:The Third Eye Retroscope Randomized Clinical Evaluation(TERRACE) was a randomized,controlled,multicenter trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a retrograde-viewing auxiliary imaging device that is used during colonoscopy to provide a second video image which allows viewing of areas on the proximal aspect of haustral folds and flexures that are difficult to see with the colonoscope's forward *** performed a post-hoc analysis of the TERRACE data to determine whether certain subsets of the patient population would gain more benefit than others from use of the *** were patients scheduled for colonoscopy for screening,surveillance or diagnostic workup,and each underwent same-day tandem examinations with standard colonoscopy(SC) and Third Eye colonoscopy(TEC),randomized to SC followed by TEC or vice ***:Indication for colonoscopy was screening in 176/345 subjects(51.0%),surveillance after previous polypectomy in 87(25.2%) and diagnostic workup in 82(23.8%).In 4 subjects no indication was *** reported overall results had shown a net additional adenoma detection rate(ADR) with TEC of 23.2% compared to *** risk(RR) of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC as the initial procedure was 1.92(P = 0.029).Post-hoc subset analysis shows additional ADRs for TEC compared to SC were 4.4% for screening,35.7% for surveillance,55.4% for diagnostic and 40.7% for surveillance and diagnostic *** RR of missing adenomas with SC vs TEC was 1.11(P = 0.815) for screening,3.15(P = 0.014) for surveillance,8.64(P = 0.039) for diagnostic and 3.34(P = 0.003) for surveillance and diagnostic *** a multivariate Poisson regression suggested gender as a possibly significant factor,subset analysis showed that the difference between genders was not statistically ***

关键词： Colonoscopy Colorectal cancer Adenomas Miss rates Retrograde-viewing

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Wireless Sensor networks for Water Quality Monitoring and Control within Lake Victoria Basin: Prototype Development

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Wireless Sensor network 2014年第12期6卷 281-290页

作者： anthony Faustine Aloys n. Mvuma Hector J. Mongi Maria C. Gabriel Albino J. Tenge Samuel B. Kucel The University of Dodoma Dodoma Tanzania Busitema University Tororo Uganda

The need for effective and efficient monitoring, evaluation and control of water quality in Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) has become more demanding in this era of urbanization, population growth and climate change and variability. Traditional methods that rely on collecting water samples, testing and analyses in water laboratories are not only costly but also lack capability for real-time data capture, analyses and fast dissemination of information to relevant stakeholders for making timely and informed decisions. In this paper, a Water Sensor network (WSn) system prototype developed for water quality monitoring in LVB is presented. The development was preceded by evaluation of prevailing environment including availability of cellular network coverage at the site of operation. The system consists of an Arduino microcontroller, water quality sensors, and a wireless network connection module. It detects water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and electrical conductivity in real-time and disseminates the information in graphical and tabular formats to relevant stakeholders through a web-based portal and mobile phone platforms. The experimental results show that the system has great prospect and can be used to operate in real world environment for optimum control and protection of water resources by providing key actors with relevant and timely information to facilitate quick action taking.

关键词： Wireless Sensor networks Lake Victoria Basin Gateway Sensor nodes

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siRnA-directed inhibition of rabies virus and protection from rabies infection in mouse models

siRNA-directed inhibition of rabies virus and protection fro...

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2010全国狂犬病防控高层论坛

作者： anthony R.Fooks Rabies and Wildlife Zoonoses Group WHO Collaborating Centre for the Characterisation of Rabies and Rabies-Related VirusesVeterinary Laboratories Agency-WeybridgeWoodham LaneAddlestoneKT15 3NB

Rabies virus is lethal to humans once the virus reaches the brain via axonal retrograde transport where active virus replication *** this stage death is an inevitable outcome of infection. One possible therapeutic intervention is to stop virus replication at the site of exposure, and prevent the virus from penetrating the peripheral nervous *** of the virus replication at the biting site may delay the incubation period or stop the occurrence of *** would be an efficient strategy to prevent the virus replication at the exposure *** this study, nine siRnA molecules directed to the glycoprotein and the nucleoprotein RnA were firstly synthesized in their oligo form and cloned into plasmid *** recombinant plasmids were transformed into BHK-21 cells,the cells were screened under hygromycin B and individual cell clones were *** effect from 10-99%on rabies virus replication was observed in different cell *** cell clones transcribing the G69 and n19 siRnAs were demonstrated to have the ability to inhibit about 95-99%of 1000TCID rabies virus CVS-11 replication. The transformed cell lysate,the transient transformation with a high amount of the recombinant plasmids harboring the siRnA,and the corresponding in vitro synthesized siRnA molecules exhibited the same inhibitory characteristics to rabies virus in BHK-21 *** of the siRnA transcription plasmids in mice delayed the appearance of clinical *** the increasing of the amount of plasmids injected,the infection was stopped,60%mice were protected when the amount of plasmids reached 300μg/*** study indicated that,in a murine model,siRnAs can interrupt rabies virus spread and prevent the virus from penetrating the peripheral / central nervous system and subsequently prevent the virus from reaching the brain.

关键词： Rabies virus siRnA glycoprotein nucleoprotein replication inhibition

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用SAXS/WAXS研究聚氧乙烯/聚氧丁烯嵌段共聚物在n-己烷中的结晶性球形胶束结构

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高等学校化学学报 2004年第10期25卷 1978-1980页

作者：徐君庭梁国栋 Mai Shao-Min Ryan anthony J 浙江大学高分子科学与工程学系杭州310027 Chemistry Department The University of SheffieldSheffield S37HFUK

The structure of micelles formed by two poly(oxyethylene)/poly(oxybutylene) block copolymers, E 76B 38 and E 155B 76, in n-hexane at 50 ℃ was studied by synchrotron Small Angle X-ray Scattering(SAXS) and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering(WAXS). Spherical micelle with a crystalline core was observed for E 155B 76. E 76B 38 also formed spherical micelles, but the core was amorphous. The radius of the core(R), the length of the amorphous chain in the shell(L) and the number of association(n) were obtained by fitting the SAXS data with the model of a spherical core attached with Gaussian chains. The result showed that the E block exhibited multiple folds. The B block tended to be more coiled and the area occupied by per chain was larger in the micelles of E 155B 76, which are favorable to the formation of spherical micelles.

关键词：聚氧乙烯聚氧丁烯嵌段共聚物 n-己烷结晶性球形胶束小角x光散射广角x光散射

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Pathological factors affecting gastric adenocarcinoma survival in a Caribbean population from 2000-2010

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2014年第6期6卷 94-100页

作者： Patrick O Roberts Joseph Plummer Pierre-anthony Leake Shane Scott Tamara G de Souza Ayesha Johnson Tracey n Gibson Barrie Hanchard Marvin Reid The Department of Surgery Radiology Anaesthesia and Intensive Care The University of the West IndiesJamaica 999172 West Indies College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620-9951 United States The Department of Pathol-ogy The University of the West Indies Jamaica 999172 West Indies Tropical Medicine Research Institute The Univer-sity of the West Indies Jamaica 999172 West Indies

AIM: To investigate pathological factors related to long term patient survival post surgical management of gas-tric adenocarcinoma in a Caribbean ***: This is a retrospective, observational study of all patients treated surgically for gastric adenocarci-noma from January 1st 2000 to December 31 st 2010 at The University Hospital of the West Indies, an urban Jamaican hospital. Pathological reports of all gastrecto-my specimens post gastric cancer resection during the specified interval were accessed. Patients with a final diagnosis other than adenocarcinoma, as well as pa-tients having undergone surgery at an external institu-tion were excluded. The clinical records of the selected cohort were reviewed. The following variables were analysed; patient gender, patient age, the number of gastrectomies previous performed by the lead surgeon, the gross anatomical location and appearance of the tumour, the histological appearance of the tumour, infil-tration of the tumour into stomach wall and surround-ing structures, presence of Helicobacter pylori and the presence of gastritis. Patient status as dead vs alive was documented for the end of the interval. The effect of the aforementioned factors on patient survival were analysed using Logrank tests, Cox regression models, Ranksum tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests and Kaplan-Meier ***: A total of 79 patients, 36 males and 43 fe-males, were included. Their median age was 67 years(range 36-86 years). Median survival time from surgery was 70 mo with 40.5% of patients dying before the termination date of the study. Tumours ranged from 0.8 cm in size to encompassing the entire stomach speci-men, with a median tumour size of 6 cm. The median number of nodes removed at surgery was 8 with a maximum of 28. The median number of positive lymph nodes found was 2, with a range of 0 to 22. Patients' median survival time was approximately 70 mo, with 40.5% of the patients in this cohort dying before the terminal date. An

关键词： Gastric adenocarcinoma Caribbean Jamaica Pathologic Survival Gastrectomy Gastritis Helicobacter pylori Cardia Circumferential resection margin

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Construction of non-Symmetric Balanced Incomplete Block Design through Combination of Symmetric Disjoint Balanced Incomplete Block Designs

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Open Journal of Statistics 2023年第6期13卷 789-802页

作者： Troon John Benedict Onyango Fredrick Karanjah anthony njuguna Edward Department of Economics Maasai Mara University Narok Kenya Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science Maseno University Luanda Kenya Department of Mathematics Multimedia University Nairobi Kenya Department of Mathematics and Physical Science Maasai Mara University Narok Kenya

The existence of several non-symmetric balanced incomplete block designs (BIBDs) is still unknown. This is because the non-existence property for non-symmetric BIBDs is still not known and also the existing construction methods have not been able to construct these designs despite their design parameters satisfying the necessary conditions for the existence of BIBD. The study aimed to bridge this gap by introducing a new class of non-symmetric BIBDs. The proposed class of BIBDs is constructed through the combination of disjoint symmetric BIBDs. The study was able to determine that the total number of disjoint symmetric BIBDs (n) with parameters (v = b, r = k, λ) that can be obtained from an un-reduced BIBD with parameters (v, k) is given by n = r - λ. When the n symmetric disjoint BIBDs are combined, then a new class of symmetric BIBDs is formed with parameters v* = v, b* = nb, r* = nr, k* = k, λ* = λ, where 2≤ n ≤ r - λ. The study established that the non-existence property of this class of BIBD was that when is not a perfect square then v should be even and when v* is odd then the equation should not have a solution in integers x, y, z which are not all simultaneously zero. In conclusion, the study showed that this construction technique can be used to construct some non-symmetric BIBDs. However, one must first construct the disjoint symmetric BIBDs before one can construct the non-symmetric BIBD. Thus, the disjoint symmetric BIBDs must exist first before the non-symmetric BIBDs exist.

关键词： Disjoint Symmetric BIBD Un-Reduced BIBD Combination Symmetric BIBD non-Symmetric BIBD non-Existence of BIBD

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Diagnosis of morbid obesity may not impact healthcare utilization for orthotopic liver transplantation:A propensity matched study

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第12期9卷 595-602页

作者： Joshua R Peck nicholas Latchana anthony Michaels Adam J Hanje Alice Hinton Elmahdi A Elkhammas Sylvester M Black Khalid Mumtaz Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutritionthe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Surgery the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Department of Biostatistics the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center

AIM To study mortality, length of stay, and total charges in morbidly obese adults during index hospitalization for orthotopic liver *** The nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried to obtain demographics, healthcare utilization, post orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) complications, and short term outcomes of OLT performed from 2003 to 2011(n = 46509). We divided patients into those with [body mass index(BMI) ≥ 40] and without(BMI n analysis was performedto characterize differences in in-hospital mortality, length of stay(LOS), and charges for OLT between patients with and without morbid obesity after adjusting for significant confounders. Additionally, propensity matching was performed to further validate the *** Of the 46509 patients who underwent OLT during the study period, 818(1.8%) were morbidly obese. Morbidly obese recipients were more likely to be female(46.8% vs 33.4%, P = 0.002), Caucasian(75.2% vs 67.8%, P = 0.002), in the low national income quartile(32.3% vs 22.5%, P = 0.04), and have ≥ 3 comorbidities(modified Elixhauser index; 83.9% vs 45.0%, P nt also had an increase in procedure related hemorrhage(P = 0.028) and respiratory complications(P = 0.043). Multivariate and propensity matched analysis showed no difference in mortality(OR: 0.70; 95%CI: 0.27-1.84, P = 0.47), LOS(β:-4.44; 95%CI:-9.93, 1.05, P = 0.11) and charges for transplantation(β: $15693; 95%CI:-51622-83008, P = 0.64) between the two groups. Morbidly obese patients were more likely to have transplants on weekdays(81.7%) as compared to those without morbid obesity(75.4%, P = 0.029).COnCLUSIOn Morbid obesity may not impact in-hospital mortality and health care utilization in OLT recipients. However, morbidly obese patients may be selected after careful assessment of co-morbidities.

关键词： Deceased donors Outcome Complications Economics Selection criteria

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nanoengineering Metal–Organic Frameworks and Derivatives for Electrosynthesis of Ammonia

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纳微快报:英文版 2023年第11期15卷 205-240页

作者： Daming Feng Lixue Zhou Timothy J.White anthony K.Cheetham Tianyi Ma Fengxia Wei College of Chemistry Liaoning UniversityShenyang 110036People’s Republic of China School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore Materials Research Laboratory University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA School of Science RMIT UniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Institute of Materials Research and Engineering(IMRE) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A^(*)STAR)2 Fusionopolis WayInnovis 08‑03Singapore 138634Singapore

Electrocatalytic synthesis under mild conditions has become increasingly important as one of the practical alternatives for industrial applications,especially for the green ammonia(nH_(3))industry.A properly engineered electrocatalyst plays a vital role in the realization of superior catalytic *** various types of promising nanomaterials,metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)are competitive candidates for developing efficient electrocatalytic nH_(3) synthesis from simple nitrogen-containing molecules or ions,such as n_(2) and nO_(3)^(−).In this review,recent advances in the development of electrocatalysts derived from MOFs for the electrosynthesis of nH_(3) are collected,categorized,and discussed,including their application in the n_(2) reduction reaction(nRR)and the nO_(3)^(−)reduction reaction(nO3RR).Firstly,the fundamental principles are illustrated,such as plausible mechanisms of nH_(3) generation from n_(2) and nO_(3)^(−),the apparatus of corresponding electrocatalysis,parameters for evaluation of reaction efficiency,and detection methods of yielding nH_(3).Then,the electrocatalysts for nRR processes are discussed in detail,including pristine MOFs,MOF-hybrids,MOF-derived n-doped porous carbons,single atomic catalysts from pyrolysis of MOFs,and other MOF-related ***,MOF-related nO3RR processes are also listed and ***,the existing challenges and prospects for the rational design and fabrication of electrocatalysts from MOFs for electrochemical nH_(3) synthesis are presented,such as the evolution of investigation methods with artificial intelligence,innovation in synthetic methods of MOF-related catalysts,advancement of characterization techniques,and extended electrocatalytic reactions.

关键词： Metal–organic frameworks Electrosynthesis of ammonia nitrogen reduction reactions nitrate reduction reactions

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