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The Plasticity of γδ T Cells:Innate Immunity,Antigen Presentation and New Immunotherapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2008年第3期5卷 161-170页

作者： Rita Casetti angelo Martino Unit of Cellular Immunology "Fabrizio Poccia" National Institute for Infectious Diseases-IRCCS Lazzaro Spallanzani Via Portuense 29200149 Rome Italy

Several signals influence dendritic cell （DC） functions and consequent the immune responses to infectious pathogens. Our recent findings provide a new model of intervention on DCs implicating human γδ T cell stimuli. Vγ/9Vδ2 T cells represent the major subset of circulating human γδ T cells and can be activated by non-peptidic molecules derived from different microorganisms or abnormal metabolic routes. With activated-Vγ/9Vδ2 T cell co-culture, immature DCs acquire features of mature DCs, such as increasing the migratory activity, up-regulating the chemokine receptors, and triggering the Thl immune response. Similar to the NK-derived signals, DC activation is mediated by soluble factors as well as cell-to-cell contact. Many non-peptidic molecules including nitrogen- containing bisphosphonates and pyrophosphomonoester drugs, can stimulate the activity of Vγ/9Vδ2 T cells in vitro and in vivo. The relatively low in vivo toxicity of many of these drugs makes possible novel vaccine and immune-based strategies against infectious diseases.

关键词： T cell dendritic cell innate immunity immunotherapy

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and pathological complete response in rectal cancer

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Gastroenterology Report 2015年第4期3卷 277-288,I0001页

作者： Linda ferrari Alessandro Fichera Division of General Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of Washington Medical CenterSeattleWashington 98195USA

The management of rectal cancer has evolved significantly in the last few *** improvements in local disease control were achieved in the 1990s,with the introduction of total mesorectal excision and neoadjuvant *** 1 evidence has shown that,with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy(CRT)the rates of local recurrence can be lower than 6%and,as a result,neoadjuvant CRT currently represents the accepted standard of *** approach has led to reliable tumor down-staging,with 15–27%patients with a pathological complete response(pCR)—defined as no residual cancer found on histological examination of the *** who achieve pCR after CRT have better long-term outcomes,less risk of developing local or distal recurrence and improved *** all these reasons,sphincter-preserving procedures or organ-preserving options have been suggested,such as local excision of residual tumor or the omission of surgery *** local recurrence rate has been stable at 5–6%with this multidisciplinary management method,distal recurrence rates for locally-advanced rectal cancers remain in excess of 25%and represent the main cause of death in these *** this reason,more recent trials have been looking at the administration of full-dose systemic chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting(in order to offer early treatment of disseminated micrometastases,thus improving control of systemic disease)and selective use of radiotherapy only in non-responders or for low rectal tumors smaller than 5 cm.

关键词： rectal cancer neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy pathological complete response

From the elasticity theory to cosmology and vice versa

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2014年第4期57卷 597-603页

作者： LEVRINO Luca TARTAGLIA angelo Politecnico di Torino Department of Applied Science and Technology Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129 Torino Italy

The paper shows how a generalization of the elasticity theory to four dimensions and to space-time allows for a consistent description of the homogeneous and isotropic universe,including the accelerated *** analogy is manifested by the inclusion in the traditional Lagrangian of general relativity of an additional term accounting for the strain induced in the manifold(*** space-time)by the curvature,be it induced by the presence of a texture defect or by a matter/energy *** additional term is su?cient to account for various observed features of the universe and to give a simple interpretation for the so called dark ***,we show how the same approach can be adopted back in three dimensions to obtain the equilibrium configuration of a given solid subject to strain induced by defects or applied ***,it is shown how concepts coming from the familiar elasticity theory can inspire new approaches to cosmology and in return how methods appropriated to General Relativity can be applied back to classical problems of elastic deformations in three dimensions.

关键词： deformable solids cosmology elastic strain Lagrangian density and tensors

Down-regulation of DPH2L gene during cellular differentiation/apoptosis:Use of mRNA differential display

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第6期44卷 496-503页

作者： Nicoletta ferrari Giovanni Levi Laboratory of Molecular Biology National Institute for Cancer ResearchLaboratory of Molecular Biology National Institute for Cancer Research Genova Italy Genova Italy

To characterize the genes associated with differentiation/apoptosis induced by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in human lung cancer cells, mRNA differential display was employed. Six cDNA fragments have been isolated, and one of them corresponds to a sequence-known gene DPH2L with unknown function, which was first isolated from the critical region of deletion on chromosome 17p13.3 in human ovarian carcinoma, and regarded as a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Results show that DPH2L is a wide expressed gene, and has another major transcript besides the previously reported 2.3 kb transcript. It is proved that the DPH2L gene is dawn-regulated during differentiation or apoptosis in several kinds of cancer cells induced by all-trans retinoic acid and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4HPR). This may suggest that DPH2L does not play a role as a tumor suppressor gene, on the contrary, its down-regulation may be functionally involved in the transition from cell growth to differentiation or apoptosis.

关键词： mRNA differential display retinoic acids cell differentiation apoptosis tumor suppressor gene.

Access control technologies for Big Data management systems:literature review and future trends

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Cybersecurity 2019年第1期2卷 63-75页

作者： Pietro Colombo Elena ferrari DiSTA University of InsubriaVia Mazzini 521100 VareseItaly

Data security and privacy issues are magnified by the volume,the variety,and the velocity of Big Data and by the lack,up to now,of a reference data model and related data manipulation *** this paper,we focus on one of the key data security services,that is,access control,by highlighting the differences with traditional data management systems and describing a set of requirements that any access control solution for Big Data platforms may *** then describe the state of the art and discuss open research issues.

关键词： Big Data Access control Privacy NoSQL data management systems

Estimation of the shortening rate since late Pleistocene in the Aksu area on the southern flank of the Tianshan,China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2001年第8期44卷 708-715页

作者：汪新贾承造 AureliaHubert-ferrari JohnSuppe Geosciences Department of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China Tarim Petroleum Limited Company Korla China Geosciences Department of Princeton University NJ USA

This research focused on the Aksu area in the central part of the southern Tianshan. Along the 60 km wide Aksu fold-and-thrust belt, active thrusts reach the surface and offset the youngest sediments. Our research was based on the geomorphologic study that examined the advance and retreat of glaciers cut by thrusts in the Tomur area in the north of Aksu. Our fieldwork revealed that two fault scarps were clearest across three different moraines that represent the maximum of advance of glaciers during three glacial periods along the Tailan River in the Tomur area. The measured heights of the fault scarps that cut the moraines, together with the moraines-inferred age, imply a shortening rate of 1.85 mm/a on the Aksu area since late Pleistocene. This rate, similar to that of the Korla area on its east side and of the Kaping area on its west side, but lower than that of the Kashgar area farther west and of the Manas area in the northern margin of the belt, implies that the distribution of shortening across the Tianshan changed markedly along the mountain.

关键词： Pleistocene shortening rate Quaternary moraine Aksu southern Tianshan

Nanotexture optimization by oxygen plasma of mesoporous silica thin film for enrichment of low molecular weight peptides captured from human serum

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第11期53卷 2257-2264页

作者： Louis BROUSSEAU Ali BOUAMRANI Mauro ferrari Department of Nanomedicine and Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

The optimization of mesoporous silica thin films by nanotexturing using oxygen plasma versus thermal oxidation was *** in oxygen plasma provides superior control over pore formation with regard to the pore surface and higher fidelity to the structure of the polymer *** resulting porous film offers an ideal substrate for the selective partitioning of peptides from complex *** improved chemico-physical characteristics of porous thin films(pore size distribution,nanostructure,surface properties and pore connectivity) were systematically characterized with XRD,Ellipsometry,FTIR,TEM and N2 adsorption/desorption *** enrichment of low molecular weight proteins captured from human serum on mesoporous silica thin films fabricated by both methodologies was investigated by comparison of their MALDI-TOF MS *** novel on-chip fractionation technology offers advantages in recovering the low molecular weight peptides from human serum,which has been recognized as an informative resource for early diagnosis of cancer and other diseases.

关键词： mesoporous silica thin film oxygen plasma low molecular weight proteome

Hyperglycemia in acute ischemic stroke: physiopathological and therapeutic complexity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 292-299页

作者： Federica ferrari Antonio Moretti Roberto Federico Villa Department of Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory of Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine of Central Nervous SystemUniversity of PaviaVia FerrataPaviaItaly

Diabetes mellitus and associated chronic hyperglycemia enhance the risk of acute ischemic stroke and lead to worsened clinical outcome and increased mortality. However, post-stroke hyperglycemia is also present in a number of non-diabetic patients after acute ischemic stroke, presumably as a stress response. The aim of this review is to summarize the main effects of hyperglycemia when associated to ischemic injury in acute stroke patients, highlighting the clinical and neurological outcomes in these conditions and after the administration of the currently approved pharmacological treatment, i.e. insulin. The disappointing results of the clinical trials on insulin(including the hypoglycemic events) demand a change of strategy based on more focused therapies. Starting from the comprehensive evaluation of the physiopathological alterations occurring in the ischemic brain during hyperglycemic conditions, the effects of various classes of glucose-lowering drugs are reviewed, such as glucose-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, in the perspective of overcoming the up-to-date limitations and of evaluating the effectiveness of new potential therapeutic strategies.

关键词： acute ischemic stroke diabetes mellitus DPP-4 inhibitor glucose-like peptide-1 receptor agonist hyperglycemia hypoglycemia insulin physiopathology sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor

Transformational change in the field of diffuse optics:From going bananas to going nuts

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2020年第1期3卷 1-18页

作者： Sergio Fantini Giles Blaney angelo Sassaroli Department of Biomedical Engineering Tufts University 4 Colby Street MedfordMA 02155USA

The concept of region of sensitivity is central to the field of diffuse optics and is closely related to the Jacobian matrix used to solve the inverse problem in *** is well known that,in diffuse reflectance,the region of sensitivity associated with a given source-detector pair is shaped as a banana,and features maximal sensitivity to the portions of the sample that are closest to the source and the *** have recently introduced a dual-slope(DS)method based on a special arrangement of two sources and two detectors,which results in deeper and more localized regions of sensitivity,resembling the shapes of different kinds of ***,we report the regions of sensitivity associated with a variety of source-detector arrangements for DS measurements of intensity and phase with frequency-domain spectroscopy(modulation frequency:140 MHz)in a medium with absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of 0.1 and 12 cm^(-1),*** main result is that the depth of maximum sensitivity,considering only cases that use source-detector separations of 25 and 35 mm,progressively increases as we consider single-distance intensity(2.0mm),DS intensity(4.6mm),single-distance phase(7.5mm),and DS phase(10.9 mm).These results indicate the importance of DS measurements,and even more so of phase measurements,when it is desirable to selectively probe deeper portions of a sample with diffuse *** is certainly the case in non-invasive optical studies of brain,muscle,and breast tissue,which are located underneath the superficial tissue at variable depths.

关键词： Near-infrared spectroscopy tissue optics diffuse optical tomography frequency domain dual slopes