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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： ryan McClory richard H.Ellis Martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.Hart andrew r.G.Plackett A.rob MacKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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Microstructural impacts on ionic conductivity of oxide solid electrolytes from a combined atomistic-mesoscale approach

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 1959-1973页

作者： Tae Wook Heo andrew Grieder Bo Wang Marissa wood Tim Hsu Sneha A.Akhade Liwen F.Wan Long-Qing Chen Nicole Adelstein Brandon C.wood Materials Science Division Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCA 94550USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry San Francisco State UniversitySan FranciscoCA 94132USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA 16802USA Center for Applied Scientific Computing Lawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCA 94550USA

Although multiple oxide-based solid electrolyte materials with intrinsically high ionic conductivities have emerged,practical processing and synthesis routes introduce grain boundaries and other interfaces that can perturb primary conduction *** directly probe these effects,we demonstrate an efficient and general mesoscopic computational method capable of predicting effective ionic conductivity through a complex polycrystalline oxide-based solid electrolyte microstructure without relying on simplified equivalent circuit *** parameterize the framework for Li_(7-x)La_(3)Zr_(2)0_(12)(LLZO)gamet solid electrolyte by combining synthetic microstructures from phase-field simulations with diffusivities from molecular dynamics simulations of ordered and disordered *** designed simulations reveal an interdependence between atomistic and mesoscopic microstructural impacts on the effective ionic conductivity of polycrystalline LLZO,quantified by newly defined metrics that characterize the com plex ionic transport *** results provide fundamental understanding of the physical origins of the reported variability in ionic conductivities based on an extensive analysis of literature data,while simultaneously outlining practical design guidance for achieving desired ionic transport properties based on conditions for which sensitivity to microstructural features is *** implications of our results are discussed,including a possible connection between ion conduction behavior and dendrite formation.

关键词： microstructure solid conductivity

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Desiccation tolerance in bryophytes： the rehydration proteomes of Bryum argenteum provide insights into the resuscitation mechanism

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Journal of Arid Land 2018年第1期10卷 152-167页

作者： GAO Bei ZHANG Daoyuan LI Xiaoshuang YANG Honglan LIANG Yuqing CHEN Moxian ZHANG Yuanming ZHANG Jianhua andrew wood Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyChinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina Department of Plant Biology Southern Illinois University-CarbondaleCarbondaleIL 62901-6509USA

Bryum argenteum Hedw. is a desiccation tolerant bryophyte and belongs to one of the most important components of the biological soil crusts （BSCs） found in the deserts of Central Asia. Limited information is available on rehydration-responsive proteins in desiccation tolerant plants. As a complement to our previous research analyzing the rehydration transcriptome, we present a parallel quantitative proteomic effort to study rehydration-responsive proteins. Bryophyte gametophores were desiccated （Dry） and rehydrated for 2 h （r2） and 24 h （r24）. Proteins from Dry, r2 and r24 gametophores were labeled by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation （iTrAQ） to determine the relative abundance of rehydration-responsive proteins. A total of 5503 non-redundant protein sequences were identified and 4772 （86.7%） protein sequences were annotated using Gene Ontology （GO） terms and Pfam classifications. Upon rehydration 239 proteins were elevated and 461 proteins were reduced as compared to the desiccated protein sample. Differentially up-regulated proteins were classified into a number of categories including reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, detoxifying enzymes, Late Embryogenesis Abundant （LEA） proteins, heat shock proteins, proteasome components and proteases, and photosynthesis and translation related proteins. Furthermore, the results of the correlation between transcriptome and proteome revealed the discordant changes in the expression between protein and mrNA.

关键词： desiccation tolerance B*Tum Physcomitrellapatens proteome iTrAQ rehydration

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The Weng'an biota and the Ediacaran radiation of multicellular eukaryotes

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National Science review 2014年第4期1卷 498-520页

作者： Shuhai Xiao A.D.Muscente Lei Chen Chuanming Zhou James D.Schiffbauer andrew D.wood Nicholas F.Polys Xunlai Yuan Department of Geosciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Earth Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Economic Stratigraphy and Palaeogeography Nanjing Institute ofGeology and Paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Geological Sciences University of Missouri Advanced research Computing Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

The rise of multicellularity represents a major evolutionary transition and it occurred independently in multiple eukaryote *** simple multicellular organisms may have evolved in the Mesoproterozoic Era or even earlier,complex multicellular eukaryotes began to diversify only in the Ediacaran Period,just before the Cambrian ***,the Ediacaran fossil record can provide key paleontological evidence about the early radiation of multicellular eukaryotes that ultimately culminated in the Cambrian *** Ediacaran Weng’an biota in South China hosts exceptionally preserved eukaryote fossils,including various acanthomorphic acritarchs,pseudoparenchymatous thalli,tubular microfossils,and spheroidal fossils such as Megasphaera,Helicoforamina,Spiralicellula,and *** of these fossils have been interpreted as multicellular eukaryotes,although alternative interpretations have also been *** this review,we critically examine these various interpretations,focusing particularly on Megasphaera,which has been variously interpreted as a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium,a unicellular protist,a mesomycetozoean-like holozoan,a volvocine green alga,a stem-group animal,or a crown-group *** conclude that Megasphaera is a multicellular eukaryote with evidence for cell-to-cell adhesion,a lexible membrane unconstrained by a rigid cell wall,spatial cellular diferentiation,germ–soma separation,and programmed cell *** features are inconsistent with the bacterium,unicellular protist,and mesomycetozoean-like holozoan ***,the surviving hypotheses,particularly the stem-group animal and algal interpretations,should be further tested with additional *** Weng’an biota also hosts cellularly diferentiated pseudoparenchymatous thalli with specialized reproductive structures indicative of an ainity with lorideophyte red *** other Weng’an fossils reviewed here may also be multicellular eukaryotes,although direct cellular evidenc

关键词： Ediacaran Period Doushantuo Formation Weng’an biota multicellularity eukaryotes animals algae

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Transcriptional regulation of Secondary Growth and wood Formation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第1期52卷 17-27页

作者： andrew Groover Institute of Forest Genetics US Forest Service

Secondary growth and wood formation are products of the vascular cambium, a lateral meristem. Although the mechanisms have only recently begun to be uncovered, transcriptional regulation appears increasingly central to the regulation of secondary growth. The importance of transcriptional regulation is illustrated by the correlation of expression of specific classes of genes with related biological processes occurring at specific stages of secondary growth, including cell division, cell expansion, and cell differentiation. At the same time, transcription factors have been characterized that affect specific aspects of secondary growth, including regulation of the cambium and differentiation of cambial daughter cells. In the present review, we summarize evidence pointing to transcription as a major mechanism for regulation of secondary growth, and outline future approaches for comprehensively describing transcriptional networks underlying secondary growth.

关键词： gene Transcriptional regulation of Secondary Growth and wood Formation

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身高、体质指数和社会经济地位之关系：对英国生物样本库的孟德尔随机化研究

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英国医学杂志中文版 2016年第7期19卷 363-363页

作者： Jessica Tyrrell Samuel E Jones robin Beaumont Christina M Astley rebecca Lovell Hanieh Yaghootkar Marcus Tuke Katherine S ruth rachel M Freathy Joel N Hirschhorn andrew r wood Anna Murray Michael N Weedon Timothy M Frayling 莫云凌邓晓春不详解放军空军航空医学研究所附属医院内四科

目的确定身高、体质指数（BMI）与社会经济状况的5个方面是否存在因果关系。方法孟德尔随机化研究测试身高、BMI与社会经济状况之间的因果关系有何不同。孟德尔随机化方法运用基因型随机分配理论，这样不会受到非基因混杂因素的干扰。

关键词：体质指数社会经济地位英国生物样本库

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Neutrophil kinetics and function after major trauma:A systematic review

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2021年第5期10卷 260-277页

作者： Liam DB Finlay andrew Conway Morris Adam M Deane Alexander JT wood Melbourne Medical School University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052VictoriaAustralia Department of Medicine University of CambridgeCambridge 01223United Kingdom Centre for Integrated Critical Care University of MelbourneParkville 3052VictoriaAustralia Intensive Care Unit Royal Melbourne HospitalParkville 3052VictoriaAustralia

BACKGrOUND Immune dysfunction following major traumatic injury is complex and strongly associated with significant morbidity and mortality through the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS),persistent inflammation,immunosuppression,and catabolism syndrome and *** are thought to be a pivotal mediator in the development of immune *** To provide a review with a systematic approach of the recent literature describing neutrophil kinetics and functional changes after major trauma in humans and discuss hypotheses as to the mechanisms of the observed neutrophil dysfunction in this *** Medline,Embase and PubMed were searched on January 15,*** were screened by two reviewers and those included had their reference list hand searched for additional papers of *** criteria were adults>18 years old,with an injury severity score>12 requiring admission to an intensive care *** that analysed major trauma patients as a subgroup were *** Of 107 papers screened,48 were included in the *** were heterogeneous and most studies had a moderate to significant risk of bias owing to their observational nature and small sample *** findings included a persistently elevated neutrophil count,stereotyped alterations in cell-surface markers of activation,and the elaboration of heterogeneous and immunosuppressive populations of cells in the *** of these changes correlate with clinical outcomes such as MODS and secondary *** phenotype remains a promising avenue for the development of predictive markers for immune *** Understanding of neutrophil phenotypes after traumatic injury is expanding.A greater emphasis on incorporating functional and clinically significant markers,greater uniformity in study design and assessment of extravasated neutrophils may facilitate risk stratification in patients affected by major trauma.

关键词： Neutrophils Multiple trauma Immunophenotypes Inflammation Systemic inflammatory response syndrome Intensive care units

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Evaluation of habitat quality for selected wildlife species associated with island back channels

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Open Journal of Ecology 2013年第4期3卷 301-310页

作者： James T. Anderson andrew K. Zadnik Petra Bohall wood Kerry Bledsoe Division of Forestry and Natural resources and Environmental research Center West Virginia University Morgantown USA US Geological Survey West Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife research Unit West Virginia University Morgantown USA West Virginia Division of Natural resources Wildlife Resources Section Fairmont USA Wildlife and Fisheries resources Division of Forestry West Virginia University Morgantown USA

The islands and associated back channels on the Ohio river, USA, are believed to provide critical habitat features for several wildlife species. However, few studies have quantitatively evaluated habitat quality in these areas. Our main objective was to evaluate the habitat quality of back and main channel areas for several species using habitat suitability index (HSI) models. To test the effectiveness of these models, we attempted to relate HSI scores and the variables measured for each model with measures of relative abundance for the model species. The mean belted kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) HSI was greater on the main than back channel. However, the model failed to predict kingfisher abundance. The mean reproduction component of the great blue heron (Ardea herodias) HSI, total common muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) HSI, winter cover component of the snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) HSI, and brood-rearing component of the wood duck (Aix sponsa) HSI were all greater on the back than main channel, and were positively related with the relative abundance of each species. We found that island back channels provide characteristics not found elsewhere on the Ohio river and warrant conservation as important riparian wildlife habitat. The effectiveness of using HSI models to predict species abundance on the river was mixed. Modifications to several of the models are needed to improve their use on the Ohio river and, likely, other large rivers.

关键词： Habitat Suitability Index Island Back Channel Model Validation Ohio river riparian Wildlife

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植物耐干机制研究进展

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华中农业大学学报 2023年第5期42卷 28-34页

作者：卓露林晓华薛山梁玉青张卓文李鸿彬 wood andrew 张道远石河子大学生命科学学院/新疆植物药资源利用教育部重点实验室/绿洲城镇与山盆系统生态兵团重点实验室石河子832000 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所新疆抗逆植物基因资源保育与利用重点实验室乌鲁木齐830011 华中农业大学园艺林学学院武汉430070 美国南伊利诺伊斯大学卡本代尔62901

干旱已成为制约我国农业发展的关键环境因素之一。植物因固着生长,当外界水分因子变化时不能主动逃避胁迫,只能依赖自身机制来抵御外界胁迫,因此,植物的耐干性研究显得十分迫切。本文对前人有关植物耐干研究的工作进行了综述,重点阐明... 详细信息

干旱已成为制约我国农业发展的关键环境因素之一。植物因固着生长,当外界水分因子变化时不能主动逃避胁迫,只能依赖自身机制来抵御外界胁迫,因此,植物的耐干性研究显得十分迫切。本文对前人有关植物耐干研究的工作进行了综述,重点阐明了耐干植物的分类、耐干植物在失水再复水期间形态结构、生理及分子水平上的响应机制,以期为挖掘耐干植物耐干基因、创制耐干种质资源和培育耐干新品种提供新思路。

关键词：干旱区耐干植物复苏植物抗逆机制耐干基因

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Transcriptional and temporal response of Populus stems to gravi-stimulation

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2018年第7期60卷 578-590页

作者： Matthew Zinkgraf Suzanne Gerttula Shutang Zhao Vladimir Filkov andrew Groover USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station 1731 Research Park Drive Davis CA 95618 USA Department of Computer Science University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95618 USA State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing 100091 China Department of Plant Biology University of California Davis One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95618 USA

Plants modify development in response to external stimuli, to produce new growth that is appropriate for environmental conditions. For example, gravistimulation of leaning branches in angiosperm trees results in modifications of wood development, to produce tension wood that pulls leaning stems upright. Here, we use gravistimulation and tension wood response to dissect the temporal changes in gene expression underlying wood formation in Populus stems. Using time-series analysis of seven time points over a 14-d experiment, we identified 8,919 genes that were differentially expressed between tension wood （upper） and opposite wood （lower） sides of leaning stems. Clustering of differentially expressed genes showed four major transcriptional responses, including gene clusters whose transcript levels were associated withtwo types of tissue-specific impulse responses that peaked at about 24-48h, and gene clusters with sustained changes in transcript levels that persisted until the end of the 14-d experiment. Functional enrichment analysis of those clusters suggests they reflect temporal changes in pathways associated with hormone regulation, protein Iocalization, cell wall biosynthesis and epigenetic pro- cesses. Time-series analysis of gene expression is an underutilized approach for dissecting complex develop- mental responses in plants, and can reveal gene clusters and mechanisms influencing development.

关键词： Jan Traas University of Lyon France

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