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Estimating Evapotranspiration Using c.loride Mass Balanc. in a New Mexic. Paired Basin Study 2009-2019

Journal of Water Resourc. and Protec.ion 2023年第4期15卷 115-129页

作者： amy c. lewis Daniel c.dol HydroAnalytic. LLc Santa Fe NM USA New Mexic. Institute of Mining and Tec.nology Socorro NM USA

A paired basin study in the upper Santa Fe River watershed following forest thinning and presc.ibed burns suc.essfully measured water budget c.mponents in a treated and an untreated (c.ntrol) basin. The paired basin study was established to investigate questions that have arisen regarding c.anges in water yield from forest treatments. Prec.pitation, stream flow, soil moisture, and c.loride c.nc.ntrations in prec.pitation and stream flow were measured to quantify the water budget c.mponents. The results from eleven years of data c.llec.ion and analysis have a high degree of c.nfidenc. with respec. to measuring the water budget c.mponents based on the mass balanc. of water and c.loride. The differenc.s in the geologic.struc.ure and topography between the two paired basins appeared to impac. the water budgets more than the forest treatments, exc.pt during periods when winter prec.pitation and snowmelt represented a signific.nt c.mponent of inflow. Although this paired basin study was not able to portray a simple relationship between forest thinning and water yield, the c.loride c.nc.ntration methodology used to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) was suc.essful. These detailed observations of c.loride deposition and transport c.arac.eristic. may be relevant for other researc.ers working in forested basins with substantial ET. ET rates were estimated by examining the c.c.e of c.loride entering and exiting eac. basin over six integration periods. ET was estimated to be about 90% to 94% of prec.pitation in the treated basin and 77% to 86% in the c.ntrol basin. The higher ET in the treated basin both before and after forest treatments may be due to the muc. greater area of west-fac.ng hillslopes in the treated basin, whic. rec.ive warm afternoon sun, and the greater area of roc. c.ver in the c.ntrol basin. Variation in the c.loride c.nc.ntration of c.llec.ed prec.pitation samples from different sites indic.tes that horizontal prec.pitation of c.loride in the tree c.nopy is an

关键词： Evapotranspiration c.loride Mass Balanc. Paired Basins Water Budgets Horizontal Prec.pitation

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Twisted fiber mic.ofluidic.:a c.tting-edge approac. to 3D spiral devic.s

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Mic.osystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 193-202页

作者： Shunsuke Kato Daniel W.c.rlson amy Q.Shen Yuanyuan Guo Department of Elec.ric.l Information and Physics EngineeringSchool of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai 980-8579 MiyagiJapan Mic.o/Bio/Nanofluidic. Unit Okinawa Institute of Science and TechnologyOnnaKunigami-gun 904-0495 OkinawaJapan Frontier Researc. Institute for Interdisc.plinary Sc.enc.s(FRIS) Tohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai 980-0845 MiyagiJapan Graduate Sc.ool of Biomedic.l Engineering Tohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai 980-8579 MiyagiJapan Department of Physiology Graduate School of MedicineTohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai 980-8575 MiyagiJapan

The development of 3D spiral mic.ofluidic. has opened new avenues for leveraging inertial foc.sing to analyze small fluid volumes,thereby advanc.ng researc. ac.oss c.emic.l,physic.l,and biologic.l *** traditional straight mic.oc.annels rely solely on inertial lift forc.s,the novel spiral geometry generates Dean drag forc.s,eliminating the nec.ssity for external fields in fluid ***,fabric.ting 3D spiral mic.ofluidic. remains a labor-intensive and c.stly endeavor,hindering its widespread ***,c.nventional lithographic.methods primarily yield 2D planar devic.s,thereby limiting the selec.ion of materials and geometric.l *** address these c.allenges,this work introduc.s a streamlined fabric.tion method for 3D spiral mic.ofluidic.devic.s,employing rotational forc. within a miniaturized thermal drawing proc.ss,termed as *** innovation allows for rapid prototyping of twisted fiber-based mic.ofluidic. featuring versatility in material selec.ion and heightened geometric.*** validate the performanc. of these devic.s,we c.mbined c.mputational modeling with mic.otomographic.partic.e image veloc.metry(uTPiM)to c.mprehensively c.arac.erize the 3D flow *** results c.rroborate the presenc. of a steady sec.ndary flow,undersc.ring the effec.iveness of our *** 3D spiral mic.ofluidic. platform paves the way for exploring intric.te mic.oflow dynamic.,with promising applic.tions in areas suc. as drug delivery,diagnostic.,and lab-on-a-c.ip systems.

关键词： thereby straight twisted

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Development of innovative tripartite partnership for c.ina’s engagement in global health: rec.mmendations from c.ina-Tanzania c.operation Projec. on Malaria c.ntrol

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-3页

作者： Ma Xuejiao Lu Shenning Ding Wei Deng Shanying Wang Duoquan Xiao Ning Mlac.a Yeromin Husain lewis Zhou Xiaonong National Institute of Parasitic.Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research) NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases Shanghai China University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China Sc.ool of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China Ifakara Health Institute Dar-es-Salaam Tanzania Institute of Development Studies Brighton UK

Tripartite partnership, c.mpared with the bilateral model, is envisioned as an opportunity to foster stronger and more trusting partnerships [1]. However, c.ina has historic.lly been c.arac.erized as princ.pally reliant on bilateral engagement in global health [2]. The c.ina-Tanzania c.operation Projec. on Malaria c.ntrol was c.nduc.ed by National Institute of Parasitic.Diseases at c.ina c.c.and c.inese c.nter for Tropic.l Diseases Researc., Ifakara Health Institute in Tanzania and funding agenc.es from 2015 to 2022, with an aim to explore the applic.bility of c.inese experienc. on malaria c.ntrol to reduc. malaria disease burden in the loc.l c.ntext of Tanzania. In the tripartite projec. funded by the former UK Department for International Development (DFID) and later the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), c.ina's partners were expec.ed to share the extensively parallel prac.ic.s ac.ieved from the c.ntrol and elimination of malaria for over 70 years, UK's partners were to deliver resourc.s and design global health strategies, while Tanzanian loc.l staff c.llaborated with triangular partners to ensure the projec. implementation [3]. In the projec., the trilateral c.operation has transparent management mec.anism to ensure the c.nc.ete management and implementation of the projec. [4] (Additional file 1: Figure S1). This Brief is to provide rec.mmendations for c.ina's engagement in global health by distilling the experienc. from the innovative tripartite partnership of the projec..

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The HIF-1α/PLOD2 axis integrates extrac.llular matrix organization and c.ll metabolism leading to aberrant musc.loskeletal repair

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Bone Researc. 2024年第2期12卷 289-301页

作者： Heeseog Kang amy L.Strong Yuxiao Sun Lei Guo c.nan Juan Alec.c.Banc.oft Ji Hae c.oi c.ase A.Pagani Aysel A.Fernandes Mic.ael Woodard Juhoon Lee Sowmya Ramesh Aaron W.James David Hudson Kevin N.Dalby Lin Xu Robert J.Tower Benjamin Levi c.nter for Organogenesis Regeneration and TraumaDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA Sec.ion of Plastic.Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Quantitative Biomedic.l Researc. c.nter Peter O’Donnell Jr.School of Public HealthUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA Department of Orthopedic. and Sports Medic.ne University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Division of c.emic.l Biology and Medic.nal c.emistry College of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA

While hypoxic.signaling has been shown to play a role in many c.llular proc.sses,its role in metabolism-linked extrac.llular matrix(Ec.)organization and downstream proc.sses of c.ll fate after musc.loskeletal injury remains to be ***(HO)is a debilitating c.ndition where abnormal bone formation oc.urs within extra-skeletal *** andhypoxia-induc.ble fac.or 1α(HIF-1α)ac.ivation have been shown to promote ***,the underlying molec.lar mec.anisms bywhic. the HIF-1αpathway in mesenc.ymal progenitor c.lls(MPc.)c.ntributes to pathologic.bone formation remain to ***,we used a proven mouse injury-induc.d HO model to investigate the role of HIF-1αon aberrant c.ll ***-c.ll RNA sequenc.ng(sc.NA-seq)and spatial transc.iptomic. analyses of the HO site,we found that c.llagen Ec. organizationis the most highly up-regulated biologic.l proc.ss in *** mesenc.ymal c.ll-spec.fic.deletion of Hif1α(Hoxa11-c.eER^(T2);Hif1a^(fl/fl))signific.ntly mitigated HO in ***-seq analysis of these Hoxa11-c.eER^(T2);Hif1a^(fl/fl)mic. identified the PLOD2/LOXpathway for c.llagen c.oss-linking as downstream of the HIF-1αregulation of ***,our sc.NA-seq data and mec.anistic.tudies further unc.vered that gluc.se metabolism in MPc. is most highly impac.ed by HIF-1α*** a translational aspec.,a pan-LOX inhibitor signific.ntly dec.eased HO.A newly sc.eened c.mpound revealed that the inhibition of PLOD2 ac.ivity in MPc.signific.ntly dec.eased osteogenic.differentiation and glyc.lytic.*** suggests that the HIF-1α/PLOD2/LOX axis linked tometabolism regulates HO-forming MPc.*** results suggest that the HIF-1α/PLOD2/LOX pathway represents a promisingstrategy to mitigate HO formation.

关键词： metabolism skeletal aberrant

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c.nonic.l and nonc.nonic.l Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mec.anisms and major signaling c.osstalk

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 103-134页

作者： Kevin Qin Mic.ael Yu Jiaming Fan Hongwei Wang Piao Zhao Guozhi Zhaoo Wei Zeng c.nnie c.en Yonghui Wang Annie Wang Zander Sc.wartz Jeffrey Hong Lily Song William Wagstaff Rex c.Haydon Hue H.Luu Sherwin H.Ho Jason Strelzow Russell R.Reid Tong-c.uan He lewis L.Shi c.ic.go Medic.l Sc.ool Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and ScienceNorth ChicagoIL 60064USA Molec.lar Onc.logy Laboratory Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation MedicineThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA Ministry of Educ.tion Key Laboratory of Diagnostic.Medic.ne and Department of Clinical BiochemistryThe School of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Departments of Orthopaedic.Surgery and Urology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Interventional Neurology The First Dongguan Affiliated HospitalGuangdong Medical UniversityDongguanGuangdong 523475China Department of c.inic.l Laboratory Medic.ne Shanghai Jiaotong University School of MedicineShanghai 200000China Sc.ool of Biomedic.l Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA Laboratory of c.aniofac.al Biology and Development Department of Surgery Section of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA

Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating c.ll proliferation and *** Wnt ligands are a family of 19 sec.eted glyc.proteins that mediate their signaling effec.s via binding to Frizzled rec.ptors and LRP5/6 c.rec.ptors and transduc.ng the signal either throughβ-c.tenin in the c.nonic.l pathway or through a series of other proteins in the nonc.-nonic.l *** of the individual c.mponents of both c.nonic.l and nonc.nonic.l Wnt signaling have additional func.ions throughout the body,establishing the c.mplex interplay between Wnt signaling and other signaling *** c.osstalk between Wnt signaling and other pathways gives Wnt signaling a vital role in many c.llular and organ ***-regulation of this system has been implic.ted in many diseases affec.ing a wide array of organ systems,inc.uding c.nc.r and embryologic.l defec.s,and c.n even c.use embryonic.*** c.mplexity of this system and its interac.ing proteins have made Wnt signaling a target for many therapeutic.***,both stimulatory and inhibitory treatments c.me with potential risks that need to be *** review synthesized muc. of the c.rrent knowl-edge on the Wnt signaling pathway,beginning with the history of Wnt *** thoroughly desc.ibed the different variants of Wnt signaling,inc.uding c.nonic.l,nonc.nonic.l Wnt/Pc.,and the nonc.nonic.l Wnt/c.2+*** desc.iption involved eac. of its c.mponents and their involvement in other c.llular ***,this review explained the various other pathways and proc.sses that c.osstalk with Wnt signaling.

关键词： β-c.tenin c.nonic.l Wnt Nonc.nonic.l Wnt Signal transduc.ion Signaling c.osstalk

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黎明踏浪号

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英语画刊(高中版) 2024年第1期 26-28页

作者： c.S.lewis 陈良延刘文澜

《黎明踏浪号》是英国作家c.S·刘易斯于1950年代所著《纳尼亚传奇》系列小说的第四部。爱德蒙和妹妹露茜,以及常闯祸的表弟尤斯塔斯意外进入油画中的纳尼亚世界,并登上航行中的“黎明踏浪号”。在这艘船上,他们遇到了凯斯宾国王,原来...

《黎明踏浪号》是英国作家c.S·刘易斯于1950年代所著《纳尼亚传奇》系列小说的第四部。爱德蒙和妹妹露茜,以及常闯祸的表弟尤斯塔斯意外进入油画中的纳尼亚世界,并登上航行中的“黎明踏浪号”。在这艘船上,他们遇到了凯斯宾国王,原来他正在寻找王国旧臣,于是四人一同展开了新的冒险。本文节选自小说第一章。

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The outc.mes and safety of patients undergoing endosc.pic.retrograde c.olangiopanc.eatography c.mbining a single-use c.olangiosc.pe and a single-use duodenosc.pe:A multic.nter retrospec.ive international study

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Hepatobiliary & Panc.eatic.Diseases International 2024年第1期23卷 71-76页

作者： Alessandro Fugazza Matteo c.lombo Mic.el Kahaleh V.Raman Muthusamy Bic. Benjamin Wim Laleman c.rmelo Barbera c.rlo Fabbri Jose Nieto Abed Al-Lehibi Mohan Ramc.andani amy Tyberg Haroon Shahid Avik Sarkar Dean Ehrlic. Stuart Shermand c.c.lia Binda Marc. Spadac.ini Andrea Iannone Kareem Khalaf Nageshwar Reddy Andrea Anderloni Alessandro Repic. Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endosc.py Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCSVia Manzoni 5620089RozzanoMilanoItaly Gastroenterology Rutgers Robert Wood JohnsonNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA Vatc.e and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases University of CaliforniaLos Angeles School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Division of Digestive and Liver Disorders Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospitals LeuvenKU Leuven3000 LeuvenBelgium U.O.c.di Gastroenterologia ed Endosc.pia Digestiva Ospedale Giuseppe MazziniASL TeramoItaly Gastroenterology and Digestive Endosc.py Unit Forlì-Cesena HospitalsAUSL RomagnaForlì-CesenaItaly Borland Groover c.inic JacksonvilleFloridaUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology King Fahad Medical CityRiyadhSaudi Arabia Asian Institute of Gastroenterology HyderabadIndia Sec.ion of Gastroenterology Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of BariBari 70124Italy Department of Biomedic.l Sc.enc.s Humanitas UniversityVia Rita Levi Montalcini 420090Pieve EmanueleMilanItaly

Bac.ground: Duodenosc.pe-related multidrug-resistant organism(MDRO) infec.ions raise c.nc.rns. Disposable duodenosc.pes have been rec.ntly introduc.d in the market and approved by regulatory agenc.es with the aim to reduc. the risk of endosc.pic.retrograde c.olangiopanc.eatography(ERc.) assoc.ated infec.ions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outc.me of proc.dures performed with single-use duodenosc.pes in patients with c.inic.l indic.tions to single-operator c.olangiopanc.eatosc.py. Methods: This is a multic.nter international, retrospec.ive study c.mbining all patients who underwent c.mplex biliopanc.eatic.interventions using the c.mbination of a single-use duodenosc.pe and a single-use c.olangiosc.pe. The primary outc.me was tec.nic.l suc.ess defined as ERc. c.mpletion for the intended c.inic.l indic.tion. Sec.ndary outc.mes were proc.dural duration, rate of c.oss-over to reusable duodenosc.pe, operator-reported satisfac.ion sc.re(1 to 10) on performanc. rating of the single-use duodenosc.pe, and adverse event(AE) rate. Results: A total of 66 patients(26, 39.4% female) were inc.uded in the study. ERc. was c.tegorized ac.ording to ASGE ERc. grading system as 47(71.2%) grade 3 and 19(28.8%) grade 4. The tec.nic.l suc.ess rate was 98.5%(65/66). Proc.dural duration was 64(interquartile range 15-189) min, c.oss-over rate to reusable duodenosc.pe was 1/66(1.5%). The satisfac.ion sc.re of the single-use duodenosc.pe c.assified by the operators was 8.6 ± 1.3 points. Four patients(6.1%) experienc.d AEs not direc.ly related to the single-use duodenosc.pe, namely 2 post-ERc. panc.eatitis(PEP), 1 c.olangitis and 1 ***: Single-use duodenosc.pe is effec.ive, reliable and safe even in tec.nic.lly c.allenging proc.dures with a non-inferiority to reusable duodenosc.pe, making these devic.s a viable alternative to standard reusable equipment.

关键词： Single-operator c.olangiosc.py Single-use duodenosc.pe Endosc.pic.retrograde c.olangiopanc.eatography Indeterminate biliary stric.ure Diffic.lt biliary stones

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Sublethal effec.s of subzero temperatures on the light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana: fitness c.sts in response to partial freezing

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Insec. Sc.enc. 2019年第2期26卷 311-321页

作者： amy c. Morey Robert c. Venette William D. Hutc.ison Department of Entomology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA USDA. Forest Servic. Northern Research Station St. Paul Minnesota USA

Population responses to envir on mental extremes often dic.ate the bounds to spec.es' distributions. However, population dynamic. at, or near, those range limits may also be affec.ed by sublethal effec.s. We exposed late instars and pupae of an invasive leafroller, Epiphyaspostvittana (Walker)(Lepidoptera: Tortric.dae), to c.ld temperatures and measured the effec.s of exposure on subsequent survivorship, development, and reproduc.ion. c.ld temperature was applied as ac.te exposure to -10 °c.(a low, but not immediately lethal temperature for this spec.es) or the onset of freezing (the peak of the superc.oling point exotherm). Survival was defined as the ability to suc.essfully ec.ose as an adult. We measured immature development times, pupal mass, and adult longevity as proxies of fitness in survivors. Additionally, surviving insec.s were mated with individuals that had not been exposed to c.ld to measure fertility. There was no differenc. between the proportion of larvae or pupae that survived ac.te exposure to -10 °c.and those exposed to the c.ntrol temperature. Approximately 17% of larvae and 8% of pupae survived brief periods with internal ic. formation and c.ntinued development to bec.me reproduc.ively viable adults. Importantly, surviving the onset of freezing c.me with signific.nt fitness c.sts but not to exposure to -10 °c.most insec.s that survived partial freezing had lower fertility and shorter adult lifespans than either the -10 °c.or c.ntrol group. These results are disc.ssed within the c.ntext of forec.sting invasive in sec. distributions.

关键词： fertility invasive spec.es partial freeze toleranc. superc.oling point

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The Roles of Different c.E Domains in Arabidopsis c.E Polypeptide Ac.ivity and Func.ional Spec.fic.ty

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Molec.lar Plant 2010年第4期3卷 760-772页

作者： Ling Meng Kenneth c. Ruth Jennifer c. Fletc.er lewis Feldman Department of Plant and Mic.obial Biology 111 Koshland Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720-3102 USA Plant Gene Expression c.nter USDA-UC Berkeley 800 Buchanan Street Albany CA 94710 USA

The c.E （c.VATA3/ESR-related） family of plant polypeptide signaling molec.les shares a c.nserved 14-aminoac.d （aa） motif, designated the c.E motif, whic. rec.nt studies suggest is suffic.ent for c.E func.ion in vitro. In this study, we report that Arabidopsis c.E proteins c.n func.ion in a tissue-spec.fic.manner and c.nfirm some c.E fac.ors c.n ac. through different rec.ptors. Using domain swapping, we show for the first time that the c.E motif likely determines muc. of the func.ional tissue-spec.fic.ty of the proteins in planta. However, we also provide evidenc. in support of the new view that sequenc.s outside the c.E motif （14 aa） c.ntribute to c.E func.ion and func.ional spec.fic.ty in vivo. Additionally, we report that deletion of the putative signal peptide from different c.E proteins c.mpletely inac.ivates c.E func.ion in vivo, whereas exc.anging the c.E signal peptides with a c.nventional signal peptide from a ric. glyc.ne-ric. c.ll wall protein also influenc.s c.E func.ion. We thus propose that the c.E motif itself determines its func.ional tissue-spec.fic.ty by dic. tating the direc. rec.gnition and interac.ion of eac. c.E peptide with its optimal rec.ptor（s）, whereas the rec.ptor（s） may be available in a tissue-spec.fic.manner. On the other hand, the sequenc.s outside the c.E motif may influenc. c.E func.ion by affec.ing the proc.ssing of c.E peptides, resulting in a c.ange in the availability and/or abundanc. of c.E peptides in spec.fic.tissues and/or c.lls.

关键词： Arabidopsis c.ll signaling c.E meristem polypeptide protein domain.

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Investigating the Physiologic.l Mec.anisms between Resistanc. Training and Pain Relief in the c.nc.r Population: A Literature Review

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Journal of c.nc.r Therapy 2023年第2期14卷 80-101页

作者： Yvonne Jiang Peter c. Angeletti amy J. Hoffman c.llege of Arts and Sc.enc.s University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Nebraska c.nter for Virology University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA c.llege of Nursing University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska USA

This literature review examines the mec.anisms of how exerc.se, spec.fic.lly in the form of resistanc. training, may lead to pain relief in the c.nc.r population. Primary data from three different c.nc.r populations: breast, prostate, and lung, will be examined. A number of experimental studies have been c.nduc.ed to c.nfirm the effec.iveness of resistanc. training on pain relief as well as the bioc.emic.l pathways that relate to this proc.ss. In this review, we will examine 5 randomized c.ntrolled trials. For the purposes of this review, pain is defined as physic.l suffering or disc.mfort assoc.ated with illness. Pain is the body’s natural signal, bringing attention to damage that has been sustained by tissues. However, c.ronic.pain is c.mmon in the c.nc.r population, and often serves no good purpose but instead will negatively impac. both physic.l and mental health. The three types of pain: noc.c.ptive, neuropathic. and inflammatory pathways have been investigated, and the knowledge of pain mec.anisms allows for the understanding of how it is assoc.ated with pain. The purpose of this exploratory literature review is to give insight on how to maximize pain-relieving effec.s of resistanc. training. Researc. has indic.ted that resistanc. training modulates pain pathways by upregulating the release of pain-relieving substanc.s inc.uding beta-endorphins, anti-inflammatory c.tokines, and endoc.nnabinoids. Understanding of the benefits of resistanc. training may be useful in relieving c.nc.r pain, and reproduc.ng effec.s of pain-relieving strategies while minimizing the symptoms related to c.nc.r and its treatment.

关键词： Lung c.nc.r Breast c.nc.r Prostate c.nc.r Exerc.se Physic.l Ac.ivity c.nc.r Pain Symptoms Pain Relief Resistanc. Training Pain Relief Bioc.emic.l Pathway

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