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Microbial Degradation of Organic Contaminants in Streambed/Floodplain Sediments in Passaic River—New Jersey Area

American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2024年第4期15卷 139-150页

作者： Taheim Evans English Meghann Trombetta alyssa Beres Yusuf Yildiz Department of Science Manchester Regional High School Haledon USA Department of Earth and Science Montclair University Montclair USA

This paper is intended to explore soil organic matter and carbon isotope fractionation at three locations of the Passaic River to determine if microbial degradation of organic contaminants in soil is correlated to the surrounding physical environment. Microbial degradation of organic contaminants is important for the detoxification of toxic substances thereby minimizing stagnation in the environment and accumulating in the food chain. Since organic contaminants are not easily dissolved in water, they will penetrate sediment and end up enriching the adjacent soil. The hypothesis that we are testing is microbial activity and carbon isotope fractionation will be greater in preserved soils than urban soils. The reason why this is expected to be the case is the expectation of higher microbial activity in preserved environments due to less exposure to pollutants, better soil structure, higher organic matter content, and more favorable conditions for microbial growth. This is contrasted with urban soils, which are impacted by pollutants and disturbances, potentially inhibiting microbial activity. We wish to collect soil samples adjacent to the Passaic River at a pristine location, Great Swamp Wildlife Refuge, a suburban location, Goffle Brook Park, Hawthorne NJ, and an urban location, Paterson NJ. These soil samples will be weighed for soil organic matter (SOM) and weighed for isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to test organic carbon isotopes. High SOM and δ13C depletion activity indicate microbial growth based on the characteristics of the soil horizon rather than the location of the soil sample which results in degradation of organic compounds.

关键词： Organic Contaminant PCBs Microbial Degradation Passaic River

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Conservative management of spinal pathology with autologous conditioned serum: A systematic review of the literature

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第9期15卷 870-881页

作者： Christian J Rajkovic Matthew L Merckling alyssa W Lee Galadu Subah Aryan Malhotra Zachary D Thomas Sabrina L Zeller John V Wainwright Merritt D Kinon Department of Neurosurgery Westchester Medical CenterValhallaNY 10595United States

BACKGROUND Chronic inflammatory pain is associated with increased expression of interleukin(IL)-1,an inflammatory cytokine,and activity on its receptor(IL-1R).In response,the body produces IL-1R antagonist(IL-1Ra)to reduce this *** conditioned serum(ACS)is the only biologic therapy for spinal pathologies that enhances the action of endogenous IL-1Ra reserves to improve *** systematic review investigates the effectiveness of ACS in treating pain and dis-ability caused by spinal *** To evaluate the use of ACS as a conservative management option for spinal *** A systematic review of PubMed/Medline was performed to identify studies inve-stigating administration of ACS for treatment of any spinal *** Six articles were included,comprising 684 patients treated with epidural(n=133)or transforaminal(n=551)ACS *** had an average age of 54.0 years with slight female predominance(53.2%).The lumbar spine was most com-monly treated,with 567 patients(82.9%)receiving injections for lumbar radicu-lopathy(n=67),degenerative disc disease(DDD)(n=372),or spinal stenosis(n=128);cervical injections were performed in 109 patients(15.9%).Mean(SD)follow-up was 21.7(4.8)weeks from first ACS *** studies investigating mecha-nical lumbar and lumbar or cervical radicular pain reported significant pain re-duction at final follow-up compared to *** achieved comparable or su-perior results to lumbar epidural steroid *** events were reported in 21 patients(3.1%),with no serious adverse *** ACS injection is a safe and effective intervention for pain reduction in many spinal pathologies,including cervical and lumbar radiculopathies.

关键词： Spine Autologous conditioned serum Orthokine Regenokine Epidural steroid injection Interleukin-1 Inter-leukin-1 receptor antagonist

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Malignant melanoma in the pediatric population

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World Journal of Surgical Procedures 2015年第3期5卷 229-234页

作者： John Psaltis Eric Reintgen Ali Antar Mark Giori Leah Alvin alyssa benjamin Bridget Budny Taylor Gianangelo Aaron Gruman Anna Stamas Michael Reintgen Rosemary Giuliano Jeff Smith Douglas Reintgen Department of Surgery Morsani School of Medicine University of South Florida Department of Pathology Florida Hospital-N Pinellas

Controversial pigmented lesions in children are a problem for pathologist, clinicians and families that are confronted with this dilemma. Some skin lesions in this population defy diagnosis with pathologists split between a benign diagnosis and a cancer diagnosis. Three cases of controversial pigmented lesions in the pediatric population are presented. Three patients underwent radical resection of the controversial pigmented lesion, intra-operative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node(SLN) biopsy. Due to the low morbidity of the SLN procedure a case is made to perform lymphatic mapping in this clinical scenario. If the SLNs are negative, not much is lost except for the scar and this becomes another line of evidence that perhaps the original lesion was benign. If the SLN shows metastatic cells, then the original skin lesion must be malignant and the patient is offered stage Ⅲ recommendations that would include complete node dissections and adjuvant Interferon therapy. This strategy provides for adequate treatment of the worse-case scenario, that the skin lesion is malignant. The cost to the patient is a low morbidity procedure, the SLN biopsy.

关键词： Pediatric pigmented skin lesions Sentinel lymph node biopsy Melanoma

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Occult Hepatitis C Virus Infection:A Review

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第2期6卷 155-160页

作者： alyssa Austria George Y.Wu Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology Department of MedicineUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCT 06030USA

Occult hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection(OCI),first described in 2004,is defined as the presence of HCV RNA in hepatocytes or peripheral blood mononuclear cells without detectable HCV RNA in the ***,we aimed to review the epidemiology,diagnostic methods,clinical implications and potential man-agement recommendations currently described in the litera-ture,as well as the future directions for investigation of this *** and Cochrane databases were searched with combination of the following keywords:"occult","hepatitis C virus",and"occult HCV infection".There are data to support OCI as a potential culprit in cryptogenic liver *** are also consistent data demonstrating the existence of OCI in specific populations,such as dialysis,human immunodefi-ciency virus-infected and hepatitis B virus-infected patients,and also in the general *** the gold standard for diagnosis is liver biopsy,examination of peripheral blood mononuclear cells may be a reliable,safer alternative method of *** HCV infection is likely associated with liver fibrosis and progression of liver *** studies are required to determine the infectivity of OCI patients,as well as clarify the natural course and specific clinical implications of ***,studies are needed to determine whether treat-ment of OCI leads to decreased morbidity and/or mortality.

关键词： Occult hepatitis C virus OCI HCV infection

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Reproductive behavior in horseshoe crabs:Does density matter?

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Current Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 634-642页

作者： Jennifer H.MATTEI Mark A.BEEKEY Adam RUDMAN alyssa WORONIK Department of Biology Sacred Heart University Department of Biology Southern Connecticut State University

While the four species of horseshoe crabs share many common reproductive traits with respect to their reproductive systems, they do differ with respect to their mating behavior （monogamy vs. polygynandry）. Past research has attributed these differences to a number of factors including： spawning densities, operational sex ratios （OSR＇s）, male condition （or age）, environmental and/or genetic factors, or a combination thereof. Mating behaviors in the three Asian horseshoe crab species （Tachy-pleus gigas, T. tridentatus, and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda） with low spawning densities and 1：1 operational sex ratios are typically monogamous. In Limuluspolyphemus, mating behavior is more variable ranging fi＇om monogamy to polygynandry. Here we provide evidence, through a long term behavioral study, that variation in mating behavior is influenced by population density in L. polyphemus. Our study population on two beaches in Connecticut （Long Island Sound） have a spawning density 400 times less than that found in Delaware Bay （0.002 females/m2 vs. 0.8 females/m2） but similar operational sex ratios. Between 90%-95% of all spawning females in CT were paired with only one male, thus exhibiting monogamous behavior. In contrast, between 30 and 60% of spawning females in Delaware Bay have more than one mate and produce clutches of eggs with multiple paternities. Male condition played no role in mating behavior in CT populations. We also observed that on average 18% of the females on the spawning beaches are single. These results suggest that population density is an important condition that determines mating behavior. Also, low population density may lead to decreased mate finding ability and lost opportunities for spawning

关键词： Limulus Mating behavior Population density Monogamy Polygynandry

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Ontogenetic shifts in perceptions of safety along structural complexity gradients in a territorial damselfish

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 183-188页

作者： Yinny CHAN Sara LO alyssa QUAN Daniel T. BLUMSTEIN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA USA

Age and body size can influence predation risk and hence habitat use. Many species undergo ontogenetic shifts in habitat use as individuals grow larger and have different age-specific predation pressures. On coral reefs, a number of fish species are more tolerant of threats in structurally complex habitats that contain more refuges than in less structurally complex habitats. However, we do not know how risk perception varies with age, and whether age interacts with habitat complexity. Adults and juveniles, because of their size, may face different risks in structurally simple versus complex habitats. We used flight initiation distanee as a metric to analyze perceptions of risk in a species of damselfish Stegastes nigricans. All else being equal, fish fleeing at greater distances are inferred to perceive higher risk. We targeted juvenile and adult damselfish to assess whether there are ontogenetic shifts in perceptions of safety in relation to structural complexity, inferred based on percent coral cover and rugosity. We found that adult damselfish tolerated closer approach in more complex habitats as measured by percent coral cover, but not rugosity, whereas juvenile fish always allowed closer approach than adult fish regardless of complexity. This ontogenetic shift in habitat use may result from juvenile fish taking bigger risks to maximize growth, whereas older animals, who are closer to their maximum body size, can afford to take fewer risks and protect their assets.

关键词： Stegastes nigricans habitat complexity risk assessment ontogenetic shifts antipredator behavior flight initiation distanee

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Agricultural growing season calendars derived from MODIS surface reflectance

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第3期8卷 173-197页

作者： alyssa K.Whitcraft Inbal Becker-Reshef Christopher O.Justice Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

In order to secure the necessary image acquisitions for global agricultural monitoring applications,we must first articulate Earth observation(EO)requirements for diverse agricultural landscapes and cropping *** to this task is the identification of agricultural growing season timing at a meaningful spatial scale,so as to better define the necessary periods of image *** this end,10 years of MODIS Terra Surface Reflectance imagery have been used to determine phenological transition dates including start of season,peak period,and end of season at 0.5°*** is the first set of global,satellite-derived,cropland-specific calendar dates for major field crops within a 0.5°,herein called agricultural growing season calendars Preliminary comparison against ground-based crop-specific calendars is performed,highlighting the utility of this approach for articulating growing season timing and its interannual and within-region *** research provides critical inputs for defining the EO requirements for the Global Agricultural Monitoring initiative(GEOGLAM),an effort by the Group on Earth Observations(GEO)to synergize existing national and regional observation systems for improved agricultural production and food security monitoring.

关键词： agriculture vegetation indices Earth observation data acquisition remote sensing

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Daily genetic profiling indicates JAK/STAT signaling promotes early hepatic stellate cell transdifferentiation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第40期16卷 5047-5056页

作者： Ashley M Lakner Cathy C Moore alyssa A Gulledge Laura W Schrum Department of Biology University of North Carolina at Charlotte Digestive and Metabolic Disorders Laboratory Carolinas Medical Center

AIM: To identify signaling pathways and genes that initiate and commit hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to transdifferentiation. METHODS: Primary HSCs were isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured on plastic for 0-10 d. Gene expression was assessed daily (quiescent to day 10 culture-activation) by real time polymerase chain reaction and data clustered using AMADA software. The significance of JAK/STAT signaling to HSC transdifferentiation was determined by treating cells with a JAK2 inhibitor. RESULTS: Genetic cluster analyses, based on expression of these 21 genes, showed similar expression profiles on days 1-3, days 5 and 6, and days 7-10, while freshly isolated cells (day Q) and day 4 cells were genotypically distinct from any of the other days. Additionally, gene expression clustering revealed strong upregulation of interleukin-6, JAK2 and STAT3 mRNA in the early stages of activation. Inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway impeded the morphological transdifferentiation of HSCs which correlated with decreased mRNA expression of several profibrotic genes including collagens, α-SMA, PDGFR and TGFβR. CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate unique clustered genetic profiles during the daily progression of HSC transdifferentiation and that JAK/STAT signaling may be critical in the early stages of transdifferentiation.

关键词： Cluster analysis Fibrosis Genetic profile Hepatic stellate cell Interleukin-6

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ezQTL:A Web Platform for Interactive Visualization and Colocalization of QTLs and GWAS Loci

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2022年第3期20卷 541-548页

作者： Tongwu Zhang alyssa Klein Jian Sang Jiyeon Choi Kevin M.Brown Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer InstituteBethesdaMD 20892USA

Genome-wide association studies(GWAS)have identified thousands of genomic loci associated with complex diseases and traits,including *** vast majority of common traitassociated variants identified via GWAS fall in non-coding regions of the genome,posing a challenge in elucidating the causal variants,genes,and mechanisms *** quantitative trait locus(eQTL)and other molecular QTL studies have been valuable resources in identifying candidate causal genes from GWAS loci through statistical colocalization *** QTL colocalization is becoming a standard analysis in post-GWAS investigation,an easy web tool for users to perform formal colocalization analyses with either user-provided or public GWAS and eQTL datasets has been ***,we present ezQTL,a web-based bioinformatic application to interactively visualize and analyze genetic association data such as GWAS loci and molecular QTLs under different linkage disequilibrium(LD)patterns(1000 Genomes Project,UK Biobank,or user-provided data).This application allows users to perform data quality control for variants matched between different datasets,LD visualization,and two-trait colocalization analyses using two state-of-the-art methodologies(eCAVIAR and HyPrColoc),including batch *** is a free and publicly available cross-platform web tool,which can be accessed online at https://***/ezqtl.

关键词： Genome-wide association study Expression quantitative trait locus Colocalization Linkage disequilibrium Visualization

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Improving antibiotic prescribing in the emergency department for uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第4期11卷 199-205页

作者： Rebekah Shaw Erica Popovsky alyssa Abo Marni Jacobs Nicole Herrera James Chamberlain AndreaHahn Division of Pediatrics Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Division of Emergency Medicine Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Department of Pediatrics George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDCUSA Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Division of Infectious Diseases Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA

BACKGROUND:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Society(PIDS)and Infectious Disease Society of America(IDSA)published an evidence-based guideline for the treatment of uncomplicated communityacquired pneumonia(CAP)in children,recommending aminopenicillins as the first-line *** guideline compliance with 10%–50%of patients admitted to the hospital receiving narrow-spectrum antibiotics has been reported.A new clinical practice guideline(CPG)was implemented in our emergency department(ED)for uncomplicated *** aim of this study was to examine baseline knowledge and ED provider prescribing patterns pre-and post-CPG ***:Prior to CPG-implementation,an anonymous case-based survey was distributed to evaluate knowledge of the current PIDS/IDSA guideline.A retrospective chart review of patients treated in the ED for CAP from January 2015 to February 2017 was performed to assess prescribing patterns for intravenous(IV)antibiotics in the ED at Children’s National Health System pre-and post-CPG ***:ED providers were aware of the PIDS/IDSA guideline recommendations,with 86.4%of survey responders selecting ampicillin as the initial antibiotic of ***,only 41.2%of patients admitted to the hospital with uncomplicated CAP pre-CPG received ampicillin(P<0.01).There was no statistically signifi cant increase in ampicillin prescribing post-CPG(P=0.40).CONCLUSIONS:Providers in the ED are aware of the PIDS/IDSA guideline regarding the first-line therapy for uncomplicated CAP;however,this knowledge does not translate into clinical *** of a CPG in isolation did not significantly change prescribing patterns for uncomplicated CAP.

关键词： Antibiotics Community-acquired pneumonia Emergency department Pediatrics

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