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Modelling the impacts of cover crop management strategies on the water use,carbon exchange and yield of olive orchards

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第1期34卷 283-295页

作者： Alvaro López-Bernal Omar García-Tejera luca Testi Francisco J.Villalobos Departamento de Agronomía Universidad de CórdobaCampus de RabanalesEdifi cio C414071 CórdobaSpain Departamento de Ingeniería Agraria Y del Medio Natural Universidad de La LagunaCarretera General de Geneto 238200 San Cristóbal de La LagunaSpain Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible(IAS) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científi cas(CSIC)Av.Menéndez Pidal S/N14080 CórdobaSpain

Cover crops have long been proposed as an alternative soil management for minimizing erosion rates in olive stands while providing additional ecosystem services.However,the trade-off between these benefits and the competition for water with the trees makes the definition of optimal management practices a challenging task in semiarid climates.This work presents an improved version of OliveCan,a process-based simulation model of olive orchards that now can simulate the main impacts of cover crops on the water and carbon balances of olive orchards.Albeit simple in its formulation,the new model components were developed to deal with different cover crop management strategies.Examples are presented for simulation runs of a traditional olive orchard in the conditions of southern Spain,evaluating the effects of different widths for the strip occupied by the cover crop(Fcc)and two contrasting mowing dates.Results revealed that high Fccresulted in lower olive yields,but only when mowing was applied at the end of spring.In this regard,late mowing and high Fccwas associated with lower soil water content from spring to summer,coinciding with olive flowering and the earlier stages of fruit growth.Fccwas also negatively correlated with surface runoff irrespective of the mowing date.On the other hand,net ecosystem productivity(NEP)was substantially affected by both Fccand mowing date.Further simulations under future climate scenarios comparing the same management alternatives are also presented,showing substantial yield reductions by the end of the century and minor or negligible changes in NEP and seasonal runoff.

关键词： Carbon exchange Cover crops Crop modelling Evapotranspiration Olea europaea l

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Identification of ta-siRNAs and Cis-nat-siRNAs in Cassava and Their Roles in Response to Cassava Bacterial Blight

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2013年第3期11卷 172-181页

作者： Andrés Quintero alvaro l. Pérez-Quintero Camilo lópez Departamento de Biología Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Trans-acting small interfering RNAs （ta-siRNAs） and natural cis-antisense siRNAs （cisnat-siRNAs） are recently discovered small RNAs （sRNAs） involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing, ta-siRNAs are transcribed from genomic loci and require processing by microRNAs （miRNAs）. cis-nat-siRNAs are derived from antisense RNAs produced by the simultaneous tran- scription of overlapping antisense genes. Their roles in many plant processes, including pathogen response, are mostly unknown. In this work, we employed a bioinformatic approach to identify ta-siRNAs and cis-nat-siRNAs in cassava from two sRNA libraries, one constructed from healthy cassava plants and one from plants inoculated with the bacterium Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis （Xam）. A total of 54 possible ta-siRNA loci were identified in cassava, including a homo- log of TAS3, the best studied plant ta-siRNA. Fifteen of these loci were induced, while 39 were repressed in response to Xam infection. In addition, 15 possible c/s-natural antisense transcript （cis-NAT） loci producing siRNAs were identified from overlapping antisense regions in the genome, and were found to be differentially expressed upon Xam infection. Roles of sRNAs were predicted by sequence complementarity and our results showed that many sRNAs identified in this work might be directed against various transcription factors. This work represents a significant step toward understanding the roles of sRNAs in the immune response of cassava.

关键词： ta-siRNA nat-siRNA Natural antisense transcriptCassava Xanthomonas

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Smoothed particle hydrodynamics based numerical study of hydroplaning considering permeability characteristics of runway surface

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FRONTIERS OF STRUCTURAl AND CIVIl ENGINEERING 2024年第3期18卷 319-333页

作者： Yang, Yang Zhu, Xingyi Jelagin, Denis Guarin, alvaro Tongji Univ Key Lab Rd & Traff Engn Minist Educ Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China BYD Auto Ind Co ltd Auto Engn Res Inst Shenzhen 518118 Peoples R China KTH Royal Inst Technol Dept Civil & Architectural Engn S-10044 Stockholm Sweden

The presence of water films on a runway surface presents a risk to the landing of aircraft. The tire of the aircraft is separated from the runway due to a hydrodynamic force exerted through the water film, a phenomenon called hydroplaning. Although a lot of numerical investigations into hydroplaning have been conducted, only a few have considered the impact of the runway permeability. Hence, computational problems, such as excessive distortion and computing efficiency decay, may arise with such numerical models when dealing with the thin water film. This paper presents a numerical model comprising of the tire, water film, and the interaction with the runway, applying a mathematical model using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics and finite element (SPH-FE) algorithm. The material properties and geometric features of the tire model were included in the model framework and water film thicknesses from 0.75 mm to 7.5 mm were used in the numerical simulation. Furthermore, this work investigated the impacts of both surface texture and the runway permeability. The interaction between tire rubber and the rough runway was analyzed in terms of frictional force between the two bodies. The SPH-FE model was validated with an empirical equation proposed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Then the computational efficiency of the model was compared with the traditional coupled Eulerian-lagrangian (CEl) algorithm. Based on the SPH-FE model, four types of the runway (Flat, SMA-13, AC-13, and OGFC-13) were discussed. The simulation of the asphalt runway shows that the SMA-13, AC-13, and OGFC-13 do not present a hydroplaning risk when the runway permeability coefficient exceeds 6%.

关键词： SPH-FE approach hydroplaning numerical simulation surface texture runway surface reconstruction RUBBER-FRICTION SKID RESISTANCE

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Corneal stem cells and tissue engineering: Current advances and future perspectives

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世界干细胞杂志：英文版（电子版） 2015年第5期7卷 806-814页

作者： Aline lütz de Araujo Joséalvaro Pereira Gomes Clínica lentecor Porto Alegre-RS 90570041Brazil Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Universidade Federal de São PauloSao Paulo-SP 04023062Brazil

Major advances are currently being made in regenerative medicine for cornea. Stem cell-based therapies represent a novel strategy that may substitute conventional corneal transplantation, albeit there aremany challenges ahead given the singularities of each cellular layer of the cornea. This review recapitulates the current data on corneal epithelial stem cells, corneal stromal stem cells and corneal endothelial cell progenitors. Corneal limbal autografts containing epithelial stem cells have been transplanted in humans for more than 20 years with great successful rates, and researchers now focus on ex vivo cultures and other cell lineages to transplant to the ocular surface. A small population of cells in the corneal endothelium was recently reported to have self-renewal capacity, although they do not proliferate in vivo. Two main obstacles have hindered endothelial cell transplantation to date: culture protocols and cell delivery methods to the posterior cornea in vivo. Human corneal stromal stem cells have been identified shortly after the recognition of precursors of endothelial cells. Stromal stem cells may have the potential to provide a direct cell-based therapeutic approach when injected to corneal scars. Furthermore, they exhibit the ability to deposit organized connective tissue in vitro and may be useful in corneal stroma engineering in the future. Recent advances and future perspectives in the field are discussed.

关键词： Cornea Stem cells Cell-based therapy limbal transplantation Tissue engineering Cornealendothelium

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Simultaneous pars plana vitrectomy,panretinal photocoagulation,cryotherapy,and Ahmed valve implantation for neovascular glaucoma

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2021年第9期14卷 1396-1401页

作者： Carolina bernal-Morales Marina Dotti-Boada alvaro Olate-Perez Manuel J.Navarro-Angulo laura Pelegrín Marc Figueras-Roca Institut Clínic d’Oftalmologia(ICOF) Hospital ClínicBarcelona 08028Spain August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute(IDIBAPS) Barcelona 08028Spain

AIM:To describe and evaluate the efficacy of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation(AGV)combined with pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in a single surgical act for the treatment of advanced neovascular glaucoma(NVG).METHODS:Retrospective observational case series included 51 eyes from 50 patients with severe NVG treated with PPV,AGV,and panretinal photocoagulation and/or cryotherapy in a single surgical act during a 13-year period(2005-2018).Preoperative,intraoperative and postoperative data at day 1 and months 1,3,6,21,and 24 were systematically collected.Definition of surgical success was stablished at IOP between 6 and 21 mm Hg with or without topical treatment.RESUlTS:Main indications for surgery were NVG secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy(39.2%)and central retinal vein occlusion(37.3%).Mean(±SD)preoperative IOP was 42.0±11.2 mm Hg decreasing to 15.5±7.1 mm Hg at 12 mo and 15.8±9.1 mm Hg at 24 mo of follow up.Cumulative incidence of success of IOP control was 76.0%at first postoperative month,reaching 88.3%at 6 mo.Prevalence of successful IOP control at long term was 74.4%at 12 mo and 71.4%at 24 mo.Eye evisceration for unsuccessful NVG management was required in 1 case(2.0%).CONClUSION:Combination of AGV implantation and PPV in a single act may be a suitable option for severe forms of NVG in a case-by-case basis for effective IOP control and a complete panretinal photocoagulation.

关键词： neovascular glaucoma Ahmed valve pars plana vitrectomy panretinal photocoagulation cryotherapy

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Sizing and Siting of Battery Energy Storage Systems:A Colombian Case

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第3期10卷 700-709页

作者： alvaro Avendano Pena David Romero-Quete Camilo A.Cortes Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotaColombia

This paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming(MIlP)formulation for sizing and siting of battery energy storage systems(BESSs).The problem formulation seeks to minimize both operation costs and BESS investment.The proposed model includes restrictions of the conventional securityconstrained unit commitment problem,a piece-wise linear approximation to model power losses,and a linear model of hydro generation units.The proposed model is tested in a 6-bus test system and a 15-bus system representing the Colombian power system.For the two studied systems,simulation results show that the reduction of operation costs due to the installation of BESSs compensates the investments,under some of the considered technical cost cases.Additionally,results show that adequate sizing and siting of BESSs reduce renewable energy curtailment in the Colombian power system with high penetration of fluctuating renewable generation.

关键词： Battery energy storage curtailment sizing and siting renewable energy

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Facebook用户广告点击行为的影响因素研究

Facebook用户广告点击行为的影响因素研究

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作者： alvaro Ruddy Miranda Torrez 浙江工商大学

学位级别：硕士

Research Purpose-The purpose of this work is to identify the factors that influence the decision of a Facebook user to click on an ad displayed on the social network.Design/methodology/approach-A qualitative analysis will allow to find the influential factors;with these variables a model will be designed where the influence of these factors on the variable "Click Intention" will be analyzed.This influence will be studied thanks to a questionnaire.Findings-After conducting the survey and analyzing the data,it was possible to conclude that "Perceived Value" and "Trust" as intermediate variables have a real influence on "Click Intention" and in addition,there are independent variables such as "The Art","Ad Copy","Social Proof of the Product",etc.,which influence these intermediate variables.Significance-This study will allow to achieve better results in Facebook advertising campaigns,and this is thanks to the possibility to create better strategies considering the most important factors for each specific campaign.

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Simultaneous Raman and reflection UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry

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Nano Research 2022年第6期15卷 5340-5346页

作者： Sheila Hernandez Juan V.Perales-Rondon Aranzazu Heras alvaro Colina Department of Chemistry Universidad de BurgosPza.Misael Banuelos s/ñBurgos E-09001Spain Department of Analytical Chemistry Physical Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Alcala.Ctra.Madrid-BarcelonaKm.33.600MadridAlcaláde Henares E-28871Spain

In the present work,a new combination of Raman and ultraviolet and visible(UV/Vis)absorption spectroelectrochemistry in reflection mode is proposed.The new experimental setup allows obtaining the two kinds of spectroscopic data without interferences concomitantly with the electrochemical information.To the best of our knowledge,it is the first time to report the simultaneous obtention of electrochemical,electronic,and vibrational information in the same experiment.This new combination provides time-resolved information about the processes that are taking place on the electrode/solution interface which has significant implications in different fields of chemistry,such as modification of electrodes,studies of electrocatalytic reaction mechanisms,development of sensors,among others.Two different systems were used to demonstrate the advantages and capabilities of the brand-new technique,namely,the oxidation of potassium ferrocyanide,an out-sphere system that is usually employed in the validation of SEC techniques,and the electrochemical-surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(EC-SERS)detection of crystal violet by in-situ formation of the silver SERS substrate,where the UV/Vis spectra were used to follow the formation of the SERS substrate,whereas the Raman response of a probe molecule was used to confirm either the formation of a nanostructured surface and to obtain the fingerprint of the molecule with a high time resolution.The brand-new experimental setup has shown to be useful,versatile,robust,compact,and easy to use for future applications.

关键词： spectroelectrochemistry surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS) Raman ultraviolet and visible(UV/Vis)absorption nanoparticles

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Phenotypic variation in food utilization in an outbreak insect herbivore

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Insect Science 2018年第3期25卷 467-474页

作者： Roberto Quezada-Garcia alvaro Fuentealba Eric Bauce Faculté de Foresterie Géographie et Géomafique Département des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt Centre d'Etude de la Forêt (CEF) Universite Laval Quebec City Quebec Canada

The effects of nutrition may have subtantial impact on insect evolution by shaping different components of phenotypes. The key to undestanding this evolutionary process is to know how nutritional condition affects additive and nonadditive components of the phenotype. However, this is poorly understood in outbreaking insects. We investigated the additive and nonadditive variation present in food utilization traits in spruce budworm individuals subjected to chronic nutritional stress. A total of 160 full-sib families of spruce budworm （Choristoneurafumiferana Clem.） were raised under laboratory condi- tions, feeding on 2 diets （high and low energy） during 3 generations. Variables tested were pupal mass, consumption rate （RCR）, growth rate （RGR）, approximate digestibility （AD）, the efficiency of conversion of digested food （ECD） and the efficiency of conversion of ingested food （ECI）. Our results show that all traits tested presented a high percentage of nonadditive effects that modulate phenotype expression. We found a significant impact of family × diet interaction on pupal mass, RGR and ECD. Furthermore, these traits exhib- ited the greatest heritability. There was no evidence of presence of maternal effects. The results revealed that food utilization traits may evolve through epigenetics effects, such as phenotypic plasticity. This information can be used by modellers to improve forecast of spruce budworm population dynamics.

关键词： food utilization nutritional stress phenotypic plasticity spruce budworm

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Rational design of hydrogels for immunomodulation

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2022年第1期9卷 979-1000页

作者： Wenhuan Bu Yuanhao Wu Amir M.Ghaemmaghami Hongchen Sun alvaro Mata liaoning Provincial Key laboratory of Oral Diseases School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityNo.117Nanjing North StreetHeping DistrictShenyang 110001China Department of Dental Materials School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityNo.117Nanjing North StreetHeping DistrictShenyang 110001China Department of Center laboratory School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityNo.117Nanjing North StreetHeping DistrictShenyang 110001China School of Pharmacy University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK Biodiscovery Institute University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK Division of Immunology School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation 1018 Westwood BlvdLos AngelesCA 90024USA Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG72RDUK

The immune system protects organisms against endogenous and exogenous harm and plays a key role in tissue development,repair and regeneration.Traditional immunomodulatory biologics exhibit limitations including degradation by enzymes,short half-life and lack of targeting ability.Encapsulating or binding these biologics within biomaterials is an effective way to address these problems.Hydrogels are promising immunomodulatory materials because of their prominent biocompatibility,tuneability and versatility.However,to take advantage of these opportunities and optimize material performance,it is important to more specifically elucidate,and leverage on,how hydrogels affect and control the immune response.Here,we summarize how key physical and chemical properties of hydrogels affect the immune response.We first provide an overview of underlying steps of the host immune response upon exposure to biomaterials.Then,we discuss recent advances in immunomodulatory strategies where hydrogels play a key role through(i)physical properties including dimensionality,stiffness,porosity and topography;(ii)chemical properties including wettability,electric property and molecular presentation;and(iii)the delivery of bioactive molecules via chemical or physical cues.Thus,this review aims to build a conceptual and practical toolkit for the design of immune-instructive hydrogels capable of modulating the host immune response.

关键词： hydrogels immunomodulation physical properties chemical properties

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