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The community structure and microbial linkage of rumen protozoa and methanogens in response to the addition of tea seed saponins in the diet of beef cattle

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第1期12卷 272-281页

作者： Cui Tan Carlos A.Ramírez-Restrepo ali mujtaba shah Rui Hu Matt Bell Zhisheng Wang Chris McSweeney Institute of Animal Nutrition Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation CSIRO Agriculture and FoodAustralian Tropical Sciences and Innovation PrecinctJames Cook UniversityTownsville QLD 4811Australia Present address:CR Eco-efficient Agriculture Consultancy(CREAC) 46 Bilbao PlaceBushland Beach QLD 4818Australia Department of Livestock Production Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesSakrandSindh 67210Pakistan “Low Carbon Breeding Cattle and Safety Production” University Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceYa’an 625014SichuanChina School of Biosciences University of NottinghamSutton BoningtonLoughborough LE125RDUK CSIRO Agriculture Queensland BioScience PrecinctSt LuciaBrisbane QLD 4067Australia.

Background: This study investigated changes in rumen protozoal and methanogenic communities, along with the correlations among microbial taxa and methane(CH_4) production of six Belmont Red Composite beef steers fed tea seed saponins(TSS). Animals were fed in three consecutive feeding periods, a high-grain basal diet for 14 d(BD period) then a period of progressive addition of TSS to the basal diet up to 30 g/d for 20 d(TSS period), followed by the basal diet for 13 d without TSS(BDP post-control period).Results: The study found that TSS supplementation decreased the amount of the protozoal genus Entodinium and increased Polyplastron and Eudiplodinium genera. During BDP period, the protozoa community of steers did not return to the protozoal profiles observed in BD period, with higher proportions of Metadinium and Eudiplodinium and lower Isotricha. The addition of TSS was found to change the structure of methanogen community at the subgenus level by decreasing the abundance of methanogens in the SGMT clade and increasing the abundance of methanogens in the RO clade. The correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with Isotricha, and Isotricha genus and SGMT clade methanogens were positively correlated with CH_4 production. While RO clade were positively correlated with the proportion of Metadinium genus, which was negatively correlated with CH_4 emission.Conclusions: These results suggest that different genera of rumen protozoa ciliates appear to be selectively inhibited by TSS, and the change in methanogen community at the subgenus level may be due to the mutualistic relationships between methanogens and rumen ciliates.

关键词： Beef steers Methane Methanogen Protozoa Tea seed saponin

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不同去势程度对筠连黄牛生长性能、血清指标和瘤胃发酵的影响

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动物营养学报 2022年第4期34卷 2457-2466页

作者：李翔 ali mujtaba shah 王之盛胡瑞黎光杨姚小鹤王艳阳梁秀容张祺琪邹华围彭全辉薛白王立志四川农业大学动物营养研究所四川省低碳养殖与安全生产高校重点实验室成都611130

本试验旨在对不同去势程度筠连黄牛的生长性能、血清指标和瘤胃发酵进行探究。选取18头年龄(9月龄)和体重[(184.46±17.37)kg]相近的健康筠连黄牛公牛,随机分为3组(双去势组、半去势组和假手术组),每组6头牛,饲喂相同饲粮,不同程度去势... 详细信息

本试验旨在对不同去势程度筠连黄牛的生长性能、血清指标和瘤胃发酵进行探究。选取18头年龄(9月龄)和体重[(184.46±17.37)kg]相近的健康筠连黄牛公牛,随机分为3组(双去势组、半去势组和假手术组),每组6头牛,饲喂相同饲粮,不同程度去势后,进行240 d的饲养试验。结果表明:1)与假手术相比,双去势能够显著降低筠连黄牛的体重和平均日增重(P≤0.05),而半去势对体重和平均日增重无显著影响(P>0.05);去势程度不会影响筠连黄牛的干物质采食量和营养物质摄入量(P>0.05)。2)双去势组筠连黄牛血清睾酮和生长激素浓度显著低于假手术组(P≤0.05),而血清雌二醇、胰岛素和生长抑素浓度则显著高于假手术组(P≤0.05);半去势对血清各激素浓度无显著影响(P>0.05)。3)与假手术相比,双去势导致筠连黄牛血清低密度脂蛋白浓度、谷草转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著升高(P≤0.05),血清游离脂肪酸、总蛋白和球蛋白浓度显著降低(P≤0.05)。4)与假手术组相比,双去势组筠连黄牛瘤胃液pH显著升高(P≤0.05),但瘤胃液氨态氮、微生物蛋白和挥发性脂肪酸(除丁酸和戊酸)浓度均显著降低(P≤0.05);半去势对筠连黄牛各瘤胃发酵参数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上可知,双去势导致筠连黄牛的生长性能降低,同时血清睾酮浓度下降,雌二醇浓度增加,降低瘤胃代谢,但能一定程度促进脂肪的合成;半去势由于睾丸激素的代偿性分泌,能够弥补单侧睾丸缺失所产生的不利影响,使其与假手术组无显著差异。

关键词：去势筠连黄牛生长性能瘤胃发酵

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不同生长阶段籽粒苋干草在奶牛瘤胃中的降解特性

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中国草地学报 2020年第5期42卷 143-150页

作者：孙国庆马健张文杰 ali mujtaba shah 李胜利余雄中国农业大学动物科技学院北京100193 新疆农业大学动物科学学院新疆乌鲁木齐830052 四川农业大学动物营养研究所四川成都611130

试验选择4头健康的装有瘤胃瘘管的奶牛,采用尼龙袋方法评定籽粒苋干草在奶牛瘤胃中的降解率。评价指标包括干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)。结果显示:1)现蕾期籽粒苋干草CP含量显著高于其他生长阶段(P... 详细信息

试验选择4头健康的装有瘤胃瘘管的奶牛,采用尼龙袋方法评定籽粒苋干草在奶牛瘤胃中的降解率。评价指标包括干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)。结果显示:1)现蕾期籽粒苋干草CP含量显著高于其他生长阶段(P<0.05),NDF含量最高的是成熟期。2)籽粒苋干草24h内DM降解较快,此后缓慢降解;现蕾期籽粒苋干草DM有效降解率显著高于其他时期(P<0.05)。72h时所有籽粒苋干草CP降解率在80%左右,盛花期干草显著高于初花期和成熟期(P<0.05),初花期时CP有效降解率显著低于其他生长阶段(P<0.05)。在瘤胃降解72h后,NDF降解率最高的是现蕾期,显著高于其他时期的干草(P<0.05)。而对ADF有效降解率而言,成熟期干草显著高于其他生长阶段(P<0.05)。3)籽粒苋干草36h的DM降解率和有效降解率相关性最强,R 2达到0.9942;而CP和NDF相关性最强的时间点是16h和24h。综上所述,现蕾期籽粒苋干草的营养价值、DM和NDF瘤胃有效降解率最高,CP和ADF有效降解率分别在盛花期和成熟期最高。

关键词：籽粒苋干草生长阶段营养成分有效降解率

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短链脂肪酸促进犊牛瘤胃发育的作用机制

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中国奶牛 2020年第6期 14-17页

作者：范雪马健陈晖 ali mujtaba shah 马晨新疆农业大学动物科学学院乌鲁木齐830052 四川农业大学动物营养所成都611130

犊牛的瘤胃具有结构和功能不完善、微生物群落结构不稳定等特点。在犊牛出生后的前几个月,瘤胃结构和功能会因外界环境的变化而发生巨大变化,并且犊牛期瘤胃结构和功能的发育程度直接影响其生长性能及成年期的生产性能。短链脂肪酸(SCFA... 详细信息

犊牛的瘤胃具有结构和功能不完善、微生物群落结构不稳定等特点。在犊牛出生后的前几个月,瘤胃结构和功能会因外界环境的变化而发生巨大变化,并且犊牛期瘤胃结构和功能的发育程度直接影响其生长性能及成年期的生产性能。短链脂肪酸(SCFA)可以改善瘤胃发酵,并可以影响瘤胃微生物的定植,进而促进瘤胃的发育,但由于犊牛瘤胃发育不健全,微生物发酵产生的内源性SCFA较少。外源添加SCFA已经被证实具有促进犊牛瘤胃发育的功能,因此,本文简要综述了SCFA促进犊牛瘤胃发育及影响瘤胃微生物群落结构的相关作用方式,为犊牛的健康培育及科学饲养提供相关参考。

关键词：短链脂肪酸瘤胃犊牛

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Trends in hospitalization for alcoholic hepatitis from 2011 to 2017:A USA nationwide study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第34期28卷 5036-5046页

作者： ali Wakil mujtaba Mohamed Zaid Tafesh Mumtaz Niazi Raquel Olivo Weiyi Xia Patricia Greenberg Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ 07103USA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Marshall University HospitalHuntingtonWV 25701USA Department of Biostatistics&Epidemiology Rutgers School of Public HealthPiscatawayNJ 08854USA

BACKGROUND Severe alcoholic hepatitis(AH)is one of the most lethal manifestations of alcoholassociated liver disease.In light of the increase in alcohol consumption worldwide,the incidence of AH is on the rise,and data examining the trends of AH admission is needed.AIM To examine inpatient admission trends secondary to AH,along with their clinical outcomes and epidemiological characteristics.METHODS The National Inpatient Sample(NIS)database was utilized,and data from 2011 to 2017 were reviewed.We included individuals aged≥21 years who were admitted with a primary or secondary diagnosis of AH using the International Classification of Diseases(ICD)-9 and its correspondent ICD-10 codes.Hepatitis not related to alcohol was excluded.The national estimates of inpatient admissions were obtained using sample weights provided by the NIS.RESULTS AH-related hospitalization demonstrated a significant increase in the USA from 281506(0.7%of the total admission in 2011)to 324050(0.9%of the total admi-ssion in 2017).The median age was 54 years.The most common age group was 45–65 years(range 57.8%–60.7%).The most common race was white(63.2%–66.4%),and patients were predominantly male(69.7%–71.2%).The primary healthcare payers were Medicare(29.4%–30.7%)and Medicaid(21.5%–32.5%).The most common geographical location was the Southern USA(33.6%–34.4%).Most patients were admitted to a tertiary care center(50.2%–62.3%)located in urban areas.Mortality of AH in this inpatient sample was 5.3%in 2011 and 5.5%in 2017.The most common mortality-associated risk factors were acute renal failure(59.6%–72.1%)and gastrointestinal hemorrhage(17.2%–20.3%).The total charges were noted to range between$25242.62 and$34874.50.CONCLUSION The number of AH inpatient hospitalizations significantly increased from 2011 to 2017.This could have a substantial financial impact with increasing healthcare costs and utilization.AH-mortality remained the same.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis Fatty liver disease Alcohol abuse

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瘤胃微生物区系的影响因素及其调控措施

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动物营养学报 2020年第5期32卷 1957-1964页

作者：马健 shah ali mujtaba 王之盛四川农业大学动物营养研究所牛低碳养殖与安全生产重点实验室成都611130

瘤胃中存在着大量微生物,这些微生物在反刍动物的消化过程中起着十分重要的作用。近年来研究发现瘤胃微生物区系受饲粮及外界环境等多种因素的影响,基于这些因素,通过调控瘤胃微生物区系可提高瘤胃对饲粮的利用率,促进生产性能的发挥。... 详细信息

瘤胃中存在着大量微生物,这些微生物在反刍动物的消化过程中起着十分重要的作用。近年来研究发现瘤胃微生物区系受饲粮及外界环境等多种因素的影响,基于这些因素,通过调控瘤胃微生物区系可提高瘤胃对饲粮的利用率,促进生产性能的发挥。本文综述了瘤胃微生物区系的组成及影响因素,重点介绍了瘤胃微生物区系调控在养牛业中的应用,旨在为奶牛和肉牛研究中瘤胃微生物区系的调控提供参考。

关键词：瘤胃微生物影响因素饲粮添加剂微生物移植

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Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller for Harmonics Mitigation Using Particle Swarm Optimization

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第6期71卷 4275-4293页

作者： Waleed Rafique Ayesha Khan Ahmad Almogren Jehangir Arshad Adnan Yousaf mujtaba Hussain Jaffery Ateeq Ur Rehman Muhammad Shafiq Department of Electrical&Computer Engineering COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore CampusLahore54000Pakistan Syed Babar ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management SciencesLahore54000Pakistan Department of Computer Science College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11633Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Electrical Engineering Government College UniversityLahore54000Pakistan Department of Information and Communication Engineering Yeungnam UniversityGyeongsan38541Korea

An excessive use of non-linear devices in industry results in current harmonics that degrades the power quality with an unfavorable effect on power system performance.In this research,a novel control techniquebased Hybrid-Active Power-Filter(HAPF)is implemented for reactive power compensation and harmonic current component for balanced load by improving the Power-Factor(PF)and Total–Hormonic Distortion(THD)and the performance of a system.This work proposed a soft-computing technique based on Particle Swarm-Optimization(PSO)and Adaptive Fuzzy technique to avoid the phase delays caused by conventional control methods.Moreover,the control algorithms are implemented for an instantaneous reactive and active current(Id-Iq)and power theory(Pq0)in SIMULINK.To prevent the degradation effect of disturbances on the system’s performance,PS0-PI is applied in the inner loop which generate a required dc link-voltage.Additionally,a comparative analysis of both techniques has been presented to evaluate and validate the performance under balanced load conditions.The presented result concludes that the Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller performs better due to the non-linearity and robustness of the system.Therefore,the gains taken from a tuning of the PSO based PI controller optimized with Fuzzy Logic Controller(FLC)are optimal that will detect reactive power and harmonics much faster and accurately.The proposed hybrid technique minimizes distortion by selecting appropriate switching pulses for VSI(Voltage Source Inverter),and thus the simulation has been taken in SIMULINK/MATLAB.The proposed technique gives better tracking performance and robustness for reactive power compensation and harmonics mitigation.As a result of the comparison,it can be concluded that the PSO-basedAdaptive Fuzzy PI system produces accurate results with the lower THD and a power factor closer to unity than other techniques.

关键词： Harmonics compensation soft computing technique hybrid fuzzy PSO based PI controller HSAPF power quality

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Prediction of promiscuous T-cell epitopes in the Zika virus polyprotein:An in silico approach

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第9期9卷 822-828页

作者： Hamza Dar Tahreem Zaheer Muhammad Talha Rehman Amjad ali Aneela Javed Gohar Ayub Khan Mustafeez mujtaba Babar Yasir Waheed Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences(ASAB) National University of Sciences and Technology Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University Foundation University Medical College Foundation University Islamabad

Objective:To predict immunogenic promiscuous T-cell epitopes from the polyprotein of the Zika virus using a range of bioinformatics tools.To date,no epitope data are available for the Zika virus in the IEDB database.Methods:We retrieved nearly 54 full length polyprotein sequences of the Zika virus from the NCBI database belonging to different outbreaks.A consensus sequence was then used to predict the promiscuous T cell epitopes that bind MHC 1 and MHC II alleles using Propred1 and Propred immunoinformatic algorithms respectively.The antigencity predicted score was also calculated for each predicted epitope using the Vaxi Jen 2.0 tool.Results:By using Pro Pred1,23 antigenic epitopes for HLA class I and 48 antigenic epitopes for HLA class II were predicted from the consensus polyprotein sequence of Zika virus.The greatest number of MHC class I binding epitopes were projected within the NS5(21%),followed by Envelope(17%).For MHC class II,greatest number of predicted epitopes were in NS5(19%) followed by the Envelope,NS1 and NS2(17% each).A variety of epitopes with good binding affinity,promiscuity and antigenicity were predicted for both the HLA classes.Conclusion:The predicted conserved promiscuous T-cell epitopes examined in this study were reported for the first time and will contribute to the imminent design of Zika virus vaccine candidates,which will be able to induce a broad range of immune responses in a heterogeneous HLA population.However,our results can be verified and employed in future efficacious vaccine formulations only after successful experimental studies.

关键词： Zika Virus B-Cell Epitopes T-Cell Epitopes Vaccine Antigenicity

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Morton’s Neuroma;Surgical Exploration Is an Option in Symptomatic Patients with Normal Investigation

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第11期8卷 413-417页

作者： Syed Mohsin ali mujtaba Ahmed Siddiqi King Abdullah Medical City Hospital Manama Bahrain National Guard Hospital Al-Hassa Saudi Arabia

Morton neuroma is well described problem to metatarsophalangeal Joint (MTPJ) Etiology of Morton’s Neuroma which has wide range of problems from trauma, and nerve hypertrophy etc. Clinical evaluation is very important for diagnosis and sometimes investigations like ultrasound or MRI scan are helpful for conformation of diagnosis. Management varies from orthotics, shoe modification, injections or surgical excision. We are reporting a case which showed importance of surgical exploration when investigation is normal and difficulty in making diagnosis clinically.

关键词： Neuroma MRI Orthotics Exploration Hypertrophy

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Psychology of Craving

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2014年第2期3卷 120-125页

作者： Sushil Sharma Bal Nepal Carolyn S. Moon Anthony Chabenne Azza Khogali Comfort Ojo Esther Hong Rochelle Gaudet ali Sayed-Ahmad Amanda Jacob mujtaba Murtuza Michelle Firlit Saint James School of Medicine Anguilla Sub-Campus Bonaire The Netherlands School of Public Health University of Texas Health Sciences at Houston Houston USA

Craving is a complex psychological condition characterized by impaired dietary intake, sleep disturbance, sexual dysfunction, and drug abuse. Craving may be associated with risk-taking reckless behavior to seek pleasure including cigarette smoking, binge alcohol drinking, and illicit drug abuse (e.g. cocaine, methamphetamine, methylene deoxy meth-amphetamine (MDMA), ecstasy, morphine and heroine). Craving for food, sex and drugs involves the limbic system and prefrontal cortex. Thus, basic understanding of craving is exceedingly important for the better clinical management of major depression, hopelessness, and poor quality of life among young adolescents, as well as morbidity and early mortality among adults. Physical, psychological, nutritional, and medical rehabilitation may be helpful in the effective clinical management of patients with craving of any age, sex and race. Further studies on the psychology of craving will curb the number of hospital admissions as several victims of drug craving develop schizophrenia later in their life, if they remain untreated.

关键词： Craving Drug Seeking Behavior Limbic System Prefrontal Cortex Schizophrenia Morbidity Mortality Drug Addiction Psychotherapy Physical and Nutritional Rehabilitation Charnoly Body

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