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Epigenomics and gene regulation in mammalian social systems

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 307-319页

作者： Tania P.GUERRERO Jorns FICKEL Sarah BENHAIEM alexandra WEYRICH Department Evolutionary Genetics Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research(IZW)Alfred-Kowalke-Str.17BerlinD-10315Germany Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Albert Ludwig University of FreiburgTennenbacher Str.4FreiburgD-79085Germany Instute for Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamKarl-Liebknecht-Str.2425Potsdam14476Germany Department Ecological Dynamics Leibniz-Institute for Zoo and Wildife Research(IZW)Alfred-Kowalke Str.17BerlinD-10315Germany

Social epigenomics is a new field of research that studies how the social environment shapes the epigenome and how in turn the epigenome modulates *** focus on describing known gene-environment interactions(GEIs)and epigenetic mechanisms in different mammalian social *** illustrate how epigenetic mechanisms integrate GEIs,we highlight examples where epigenetic mechanisms are associated with social behaviors and with their maintenance through neuroendocrine,locomotor,and metabolic *** discuss future research trajectories and open questions for the emerging field of social epigenomics in nonmodel and naturally occurring social ***,we outline the technological advances that aid the study of epigenetic mechanisms in the establishment of GEIs and vice versa.

关键词： epigenetics DNA methylation histone modification rank social status social systems

INF-γ and IL-2 Profile as Therapeutic Markers in Tuberculosis Patients at the Jamot Hospital of Yaounde-Cameroon

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第2期12卷 119-128页

作者： alexandra Emmanuelle Membangbi Jacky Njiki-Bikoï Esther Del-Florence Moni Ndedi Donatien Serge Mbaga Elsa Nguiffo Makue André Chris Mikangue Mbongue Koko-Ta Ladiff Sharonne Martha Mesembe Justin Olivier Essindi Aïcha Ngoutane Arnaud Franck Elang Sabine Aimée Touangnou-Chamda George Ikomey Mondinde Eric Walter Perfura-Yone Marie Joseph Nkodo Mindimi Sara Honorine Riwom Essama Department of Microbiology The University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD) Yaound Cameroon The Institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies Yaound Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaound I Yaound Cameroon The Pneumology Department Jamot Hospital of Yaound Yaound Cameroon

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top lethal infectious diseases worldwide. In recent years, interferon-γ (INF-γ) release assays (IGRAs) have been established as routine tests for diagnosing TB infection. However, produced INF-γ assessment cannot permit to distinguish active ATB from latent TB infection (LTBI), especially in TB epidemic areas. In addition to IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), secreted by activated T cells, is involved in immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This could be involved in the follow up of treatment response. The aim of our study was to determine IFN-γ and IL2 cytokines profiles of patients under antituberculosis treatment. Materials and Methods: A six months’ cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jamot Hospital of Yaoundé, from May to August 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical data as well as 5 mL of blood were collected from each participant. INF-γ and IL-2 were determined using indirect Enzyme linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and spectrum exam in combination with radiography and GeneXpert were used as standard. P-values Results: The results showed that men were more infected 14/61 (31.8%) with a high presence in active and resistant TB groups. The mean age was 41.3 ± 13.1 years with a 95% CI = [38.2 - 44.7], the age group with the highest infection rate was ranged between 31 and 40 years. The IL-2 and INF-γ means were respectively 327.6 ± 160.6 pg/mL and 26.6 ± 13.0 pg/mL in ATB patients, 251.1 ± 30.9 pg/mL and 21.4 ± 9.2 pg/mL in patients with resistant tuberculosis, while it was 149.3 ± 93.3 pg/mL and 17.9 ± 9.4 pg/mL in cured patients, 15.1 ± 8.4 pg/mL and 5.3 ± 2.6 pg/mL in participants presumed healthy (p γ and IL-2rates were observed between the different groups. Conclusion: Monitoring the serum levels of INF-γ and IL-2 would be useful for the follow-up of anti-tuberculosis patients, particularly in the both cytokines association case.

关键词： Tuberculosis Antituberculosis Treatment INF-γ IL-2 ELISA

MicroRNA-155 mediates endogenous angiotensin II type 1 receptor regulation:implications for innovative type 2 diabetes mellitus management

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世界糖尿病杂志:英文版(电子版) 2023年第9期14卷 1334-1340页

作者： Konstantinos I Papadopoulos alexandra Papadopoulou Tar-Choon Aw Department of R&D THAI StemLifeBangkok 10310Thailand Occupational and Environmental Health Services Feelgood LundLund 223-63SkåneSweden Department of Laboratory Medicine Changi General HospitalSingapore 529889SingaporeSingapore Department of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore 119228SingaporeSingapore

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a lifelong condition and a threat to human *** understanding of its pathogenesis is acutely needed in order to devise innovative,preventative,and potentially curative pharmacological ***(miRNA),are small,non-coding,one-stranded RNA molecules,that can target and silence around 60%of all human genes through translational ***-155 is an ancient,evolutionarily well-conserved miRNA,with distinct expression profiles and multifunctionality,and a target repertoire of over 241 genes involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes including hematopoietic lineage differentiation,immunity,inflammation,viral infections,cancer,cardiovascular conditions,and particularly diabetes ***-155 Levels are progressively reduced in aging,obesity,sarcopenia,and ***,the loss of coordinated repression of multiple miR-155 targets acting as negative regulators,such as C/EBPβ,HDAC4,and SOCS1 impacts insulin signaling,deteriorating glucose homeostasis,and causing insulin resistance(IR).Moreover,deranged regulation of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system(RAAS)through loss of Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor downregulation,and negated repression of ETS-1,results in unopposed detrimental Angiotensin II effects,further promoting ***,loss of BACH1 and SOCS1 repression abolishes cytoprotective,anti-oxidant,anti-apoptotic,and anti-inflam matory cellular pathways,and promotesβ-cell *** contrast to RAAS inhibitor treatments that further decrease already reduced miR-155 Levels,strategies to increase an ailing miR-155 production in T2DM,e.g.,the use of metformin,mineralocorticoid receptor blockers(spironolactone,eplerenone,finerenone),and verapamil,alone or in various combinations,represent current treatment *** the future,direct tissue delivery of miRNA analogs is likely.

关键词： Angiotensin II Angiotensin II type 1 receptor Arginase 2 L-type calcium channel Mineralocorticoid receptor MiRNA-155 Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system Type 1/2 diabetes mellitus Verapamil

Multiple forest structural elements are needed to promote beetle biomass, diversity and abundance

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第5期9卷 585-595页

作者： Nolan J.Rappa Michael Staab Julian Frey Nathalie Winiger alexandra-Maria Klein Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology University of FreiburgTennenbacherstrasse 479106Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Ecological Networks Technical University DarmstadtSchnittspahnstrasse 364287DarmstadtGermany Forest Growth and Dendroecology University of FreiburgTennenbacherstrasse 479106Freiburg im BreisgauGermany Wildlife Ecology and Management University of FreiburgTennenbacherstrasse 479106Freiburg im BreisgauGermany

Background:Retention forestry is a management strategy aiming to mitigate biodiversity loss by retaining structural elements such as dead trees that would otherwise be *** we analyze the biomass,diversity and abundance among forest beetles collected using window traps on 1281-ha forest sites reflecting gradients in the amount of structural elements in southwestern ***:We found that beetle biomass increased with mean diameter at breast height(a measure of tree size),and decreased with stand structural *** of individual feeding guilds responded differently to forest structural elements,namely lying deadwood,understory complexity,tree basal area and stand structural *** family diversity increased with the effective number of layers,i.e.1-m forest strata occupied by vegetation assessed via terrestrial laser *** of feeding guilds responded to only elevation and share of deciduous *** composition in terms of biomass was structured by forest elements similar to biomass of individual feeding guilds,with the addition of lying *** differed from community composition in terms of abundance of feeding guilds,which was structured by primarily standing deadwood volume and share of deciduous ***:Our results show that biomass,diversity and abundance respond differently to forest structural *** suggests that the concurrent prioritization of multiple forest elements is needed to promote forest beetles,with more focus placed on the differing resource needs among feeding *** addition,retention strategies should also consider the varying responses of beetle biodiversity metrics when assessing the importance of forest structural elements.

关键词： Allometry Biodiversity Coleoptera Forest management Terrestrial laser scanning Window trap

Compressibility characteristics of bio-cemented calcareous sand treated through the bio-stimulation approach

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第2期15卷 510-522页

作者： Yijie Wang Ningjun Jiang alexandra Clarà Saracho Ogul Doygun Yanjun Du Xiaole Han Institute of Geotechnical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjingChina Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluUSA Department of Engineering Cambridge UniversityCambridgeUK Geosyntec Consultants Inc.Huntington BeachUSA

Calcareous sand is widely present in coastal areas around the world and is usually considered as a weak and unstable material due to its high compressibility and low ***-induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)is a promising technique for soil ***,the commonly adopted bio-augmented MICP approach is in general less compatible with the natural soil ***,this study focuses on the bio-stimulated MICP approach,which is likely to enhance the dominance of ureolytic bacteria for longer period and thus is deemed more *** main objective of this paper is to investigate the compressibility of calcareous sand treated by bio-stimulated MICP *** the current study,a series of one-dimension compression tests was conducted on bio-cemented sand pre-pared via bio-stimulation with different initial relative densities(D r).Based on the obtained compression curves and particle size distribution(PSD)curves,the parameters including cementation content,the coefficient of compressibility(a v),PSD,relative breakage(B r),and relative agglomeration(A r)were *** results showed that a v decreased with the increasing cementation *** bio-cemented sand prepared with higher initial D r had smaller(approximately 20%e70%)a v values than that with lower initial D *** specimen with higher initial D r and higher cementation content resulted in smaller B r but larger A ***,a conceptual framework featuring multiple contact and damage modes was proposed.

关键词： Calcareous sand Bio-cementation Bio-stimulation Compressibility

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus-an opportunistic cancer in HIV-positive male homosexuals

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第25期17卷 2987-2991页

作者： Pascal Gervaz alexandra Calmy Ymer Durmishi Abdelkarim S Allal Philippe Morel Department of Surgery Geneva University Hospital and Medical School Departments of Infectious Diseases Geneva University Hospital and Medical School Department of Radiation Oncology Hopital Cantonal de Fribourg

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus （SCCA） is a com- mon cancer in the human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）- infected population, and its incidence continues to in- crease in male homosexuals. Combined chemoradiation with mitomycin C and 5-fiuorouracil was poorly tolerated by severely immunocompromised patients in the early 1990s. In the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART）, however, recent data indicate that：（1） most HIV patients with anal cancer can tolerate standard chemotherapy regimens; and （2） this approach is associ- ated with survival rates similar to those of HIV-negative patients. However, HIV-positive patients with SCCA are much younger, more likely to develop local tumor recur- rence, and ultimately die from anal cancer than immune competent patients. Taken together, these findings suggest that anal cancer is an often fatal neoplasia in mid- dle-aged HIV-positive male homosexuals. In this popula- tion, SCCA is an opportunistic disease resulting in patients with suboptimal immune function from persistent infection and prolonged exposition to oncogenic human papillomaviruses （HPVs）. Large-scale cancer-prevention strategies （routine anuscopy and anal papanicolaou test- ing） should be implemented in this population. In addi- tion, definitive eradication of oncogenic HPVs within the anogenital mucosa of high-risk individuals might require a proactive approach with repeated vaccination.

关键词： Anal cancer Chemoradiation Highly activeantiretroviral therapy Human immunodeficiency virus Human papillomaviruse Outcome

Microglial depletion and repopulation:a new era of regenerative medicine?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第6期16卷 1204-1205页

作者： alexandra M.Barnett Fulton T.Crews Leon G.Coleman Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillSchool of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA Department of Pharmacology The University of North Carolina at Chapel HillSchool of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA Department of Psychiatry The University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA

Microglia have multiple functions and phenotypes that can prevent or worsen *** depletion and repopulation methods provide a promising technique for understanding microglial *** utility as therapeutic modalities is now under *** resident immune cells in the central nervous system(CNS),microglia maintain the local environment and promote neuronal ***,persistent proinflammatory signaling due to aberrant microglial activation can be *** is seen in settings such as traumatic brain injury(TBI)(Henry et al.,2020),stroke(Li et al.,2017),and alcohol use disorder(AUD)(Coleman et al.,2020),when the loss of homeostatic control results in persistent proinflammatory signaling that contributes to ongoing neuropathology(Figure 1).Thus,selective replacement of chronically proinflammatory-activated microglia could improve functional outcomes.

关键词： al. pathology depletion

On the use of residual dipolar couplings in multi-state structure calculation of two-domain proteins

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2022年第2期2卷 61-68,I0002页

作者： alexandra Born Morkos A.Henen Parker J.Nichols Beat Vogeli University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics12801 East 17th AvenueAuroraCO80045USA Faculty of Pharmacy Mansoura UniversityMansoura35516Egypt

Residual dipolar couplings(RDCs)are powerful nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)probes for the structure calculation of ***,an alignment tensor that defines the orientation of the entire molecule relative to the magnetic field is determined either before refinement of individual bond vectors or simultaneously with this *** single-domain proteins this approach works well since all bond vectors can be described within the same coordinate frame,which is given by the alignment ***,novel approaches are sought after for systems where no universal alignment tensor can be ***,we present an approach that can be applied to two-domain proteins that enables the calculation of multiple states within each domain as well as with respect to the relative positions of the two domains.

关键词： RDC Residual dipolar coupling Two-domain protein Multi-state structure

Spatio-temporal evolution of Allium L. in the Qinghaie-Tibet-Plateau region: Immigration and in situ radiation

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Plant Diversity 2017年第4期39卷 167-179页

作者： Frank Hauenschild Adrien Favre Jan Schnitzler Ingo Michalak Martin Freiberg alexandra N. Muellner-Riehl Leipzig University Department of Molecular Evolution and Plant Systematics & Herbarium (LZ) Johannisallee 21-23 04103 Leipzig Germany Leipzig University Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity Research Johannisallee 21-23 04103 Leipzig Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDly) Halle-lena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e 04103 Leipzig Germany

A plethora of studies investigating the origin and evolution of diverse mountain taxa has assumed a causal link between geological processes （orogenesis） and a biological response （diversification）. Yet, a substantial delay （up to 30 Myr） between the start of orogenesis and diversification is often observed. Evolutionary biologists should therefore identify alternative drivers of diversification and maintenance of biodiversity in mountain systems. Using phylogenetic, biogeographic, and diversification rate analyses, we could identify two independent processes that most likely explain the diversity of the widespread genus Allium in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau （QTP） region：（1） While the QTP-related taxa of the subgenus Melanocrommyum diversified in situ, （2） QTP-related taxa of other subgenera migrated into the QTP from multiple source areas. Furthermore, shifts in diversification rates within Allium could not be attributed spatially and temporally to the uplift history of the QTP region. Instead, global cooling and climate oscillations in the Quaternary were major contributors to increased speciation rates in three clades of AUium. Our study therefore adds to the growing evidence supporting the ＂mountain-geo-biodiversity hypothesis＂, which highlights the role of climate oscillations for the diversification of mountain organisms.

关键词： Allium Evolution Hengduan mountains Historical biogeography Molecular dating Qinghai-Tibet plateau