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Comparative analysis of bacterial contamination in tap and groundwater: A case study on water quality of Quetta City, an arid zone in Pakistan

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2022年第2期10卷 153-165页

作者： Khan Tanzeel akhtar malik muhammad Malghani Gohram akhtar Rabia Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Life Sciences&InformaticsBalochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Psychology Balochistan University of Information TechnologyEngineering and Management SciencesQuetta 87300Pakistan

Water is an essential element on earth,which provides human a variety of services in domestic use,agriculture,or industries.However,some serious health risks of drinking water are associated with microbial contamination,particularly with fecal matter.Therefore,microbial quality assessment is considered to be a necessary component of water quality assessment.This study investigates microbial contamination of water distributary system around the city by comparing groundwater(GW)and tap water(TW)quality in Quetta city.31 GW samples and 31 TW samples were collected in the study area during the months of September,October,and November.Fecal coliform test was carried out in laboratory and their average total coliform contamination was computed.Results showed that the TW sample were all contaminated by coliform except for Chiltan town,hence are not considered suitable for drinking without any treatment according to WHO drinking water quality standards.The average coliform concentrations were 12 in Quetta main city,11.6 in Jinnah town,5.3 in Satallite town,10 in Shahbaz town and 5 in Brewery town(0/100 mL CFU)and the TW samples from the three towns were even more contaminated with E.coli.Whereas among the GW,average microbial concentrations were 1.8 in Quetta main city,2 in Satallite town,1.4 in Shahbaz town,and 0.4 in Chiltan town(0/100 mL CFU),respectively,which shows that the contamination is occurring within the water distributary pipeline system when the water flows through the pipelines.Moreover,this research will be valuable for researchers and administrative authorities to conduct elaborative studies,and develop new policies to prevent further deterioration of drinking water in the water distribution system by pathogenic microorganisms and ensure safe drinking water to the public of Quetta city.

关键词： Groundwater quality Microbial contamination Coliform bacteria Drinking water quality

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Advances in Zika virus vaccines and therapeutics:A systematic review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第3期17卷 97-109页

作者： Shiza malik Khalid muhammad Omar Ahsan muhammad Tahir Khan Ranjit Sah Yasir Waheed Bridging Health Foundation Rawalpindi 46000Pakistan Department of Biology College of SciencesUAE University15551Al AinUnited Arab Emirates Department of Medicine Foundation University Medical CollegeFoundation University IslamabadIslamabad 44000Pakistan INTI International University Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai71800 NilaiNegeri SembilanMalaysia Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology the University of LahoreKM Defence RoadLahore 58810Pakistan Zhongjing Research and Industrialization Institute of Chinese Medicine Zhongguancun Scientific ParkNanyang 473006China Department of Microbiology Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalInstitute of MedicineKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Microbiology Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical CollegeHospital and Research CentreDr.D.Y.Patil VidyapeethPune 411018MaharashtraIndia Department of Public Health Dentistry Dr.D.Y.Patil Dental College and HospitalDr.D.Y.Patil VidyapeethPune 411018MaharashtraIndia Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine Lebanese American UniversityByblos 1401Lebanon

Zika virus(ZIKV)is the causative agent of a viral infection that causes neurological complications in newborns and adults worldwide.Its wide transmission route and alarming spread rates are of great concern to the scientific community.Numerous trials have been conducted to develop treatment options for ZIKV infection.This review highlights the latest developments in the fields of vaccinology and pharmaceuticals developments for ZIKV infection.A systematic and comprehensive approach was used to gather relevant and up-to-date data so that inferences could be made about the gaps in therapeutic development.The results indicate that several therapeutic interventions are being tested against ZIKV infection,such as DNA vaccines,subunit vaccines,live-attenuated vaccines,virus-vector-based vaccines,inactivated vaccines,virus-like particles,and mRNA-based vaccines.In addition,approved anti-ZIKV drugs that can reduce the global burden are discussed.Although many vaccine candidates for ZIKV are at different stages of development,none of them have received Food and Drug Authority approval for use up to now.The issue of side effects associated with these drugs in vulnerable newborns and pregnant women is a major obstacle in the therapeutic pathway.

关键词： Zika virus Infection Therapeutics Antiviral agents Vaccines Therapies Treatment Novel therapeutic Clinical management

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Circulating tumor DNA and its role in detection, prognosis and therapeutics of hepatocellular carcinoma

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2024年第2期36卷 195-214页

作者： Sana Rashid Yingchuan Sun Umair Ali Khan Saddozai Sikandar Hayyat muhammad Usman Munir muhammad Usman Akbar muhammad Babar Khawar Zhiguang Ren Xinying Ji malik Ihsan Ullah Khan Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology University of LahoreLahore 54590Pakistan Department of Internal Oncology(Section Ⅰ) Xuchang Municipal Central HospitalXuchang 461000China Institute of Translational Medicine Medical CollegeYangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225001China Australian Institute for Bioengineering&Nanotechnology the University of QueenslandBrisbane 4072Australia Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Gomal UniversityDera Ismail Khan 29111Pakistan Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab Department of ZoologyUniversity of NarowalNarowal Punjab 51600Pakistan Kaifeng Municipal Key Laboratory for Infection and Biosafety Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein RegulationSchool of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China Faculty of Basic Medical Subjects Shu-Qing Medical College of ZhengzhouZhengzhou 450064China Department of Medicine Huaxian County People's HospitalHuaxian 456400China

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is considered the fifth most prevalent cancer among all types of cancers and has the third most morbidity value. It has the most frequent duplication time and a high recurrence rate. Recently, the most unique technique used is liquid biopsies, which carry many markers;the most prominent is circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA). Varied methods are used to investigate ctDNA, including various forms of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) [emulsion PCR(ePCR), digital PCR(dPCR), and bead, emulsion, amplification, magnetic(BEAMing) PCR]. Hence ctDNA is being recognized as a potential biomarker that permits early cancer detection,treatment monitoring, and predictive data on tumor burden are subjective to therapy or surgery. Numerous ctDNA biomarkers have been investigated based on their alterations such as 1) single nucleotide variations(either insertion or deletion of a nucleotide) markers including TP53, KRAS, and CCND1;2) copy number variations which include markers such as CDK6, EFGR, MYC and BRAF;3) DNA methylation(RASSF1A, SEPT9, KMT2C and CCNA2);4) homozygous mutation includes ctDNA markers as CDKN2A, AXIN1;and 5) gain or loss of function of the genes, particularly for HCC. Various researchers have conducted many studies and gotten fruitful results.Still, there are some drawbacks to ctDNA namely low quantity, fragment heterogeneity, less stability, limited mutant copies and standards, and differential sensitivity. However, plenty of investigations demonstrate ctDNA's significance as a polyvalent biomarker for cancer and can be viewed as a future diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic agent. This article overviews many conditions in genetic changes linked to the onset and development of HCC, such as dysregulated signaling pathways, somatic mutations, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and genomic instability. Additionally, efforts are also made to develop treatments for HCC that are molecularly targeted and to unravel some of the genetic pathways that facilitate its early identification.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma circulating tumor DNA biomarkers single nucleotide variations diagnosis prognosis

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Retroperitoneal bronchogenic cyst:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第15期12卷 2586-2596页

作者： Abdul malik Qais Ahmad Naseer muhammad Asad Iqbal Shi-Ya Han Sheng-Chun Dang Department of General Surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Laboratory Science School of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Laboratory Medicine School of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013Jiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniversityShenyang 110000Liaoning ProvinceChina Department of Surgery Siyang HospitalSuqian 223700Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Bronchogenic cysts are rare developmental anomalies that belong to the category of congenital enterogenous cysts.They arise from lung buds and are present at birth.The embryonic foregut is their origin.Typically,they are located within the chest cavity,particularly in the cavum mediastinale of the thoracic cavity or lodged in the pulmonary parenchyma,and are considered a type of lung bud malformation.CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to the detection of a retroperitoneal mass during a physical examination.Two weeks before admission,the patient underwent a physical examination and routine laboratory tests,which revealed a space-occupying mass in the retroperitoneal region.The patient did not report any symptoms(such as abdominal pain,flatulence,nausea,vomiting,high fever,or chills).The computed tomography(CT)revealed a retroperitoneal spaceoccupying lesion with minimal enhancement and a CT value of approximately 36 Hounsfield units.The lesion was not delineated from the boundary of the pancreatic body and was closely related to the retroperitoneum locally.CONCLUSION Following a series of tests,an abdominal mass was identified,prompting the implementation of a laparoscopic retroperitoneal mass excision procedure.During the investigation,an 8 cm×7 cm cystic round-shaped mass with a distinct demarcation was identified in the upper posterior region of the pancreas.Subsequently,full resection of the mass was performed.Postoperative pathological examination reveled a cystic mass characterized by a smooth inner wall.The cystic mass was found to contain a white,viscous liquid within its capsule.

关键词： Bronchogenic cyst Retroperitoneal space Excision Laparoscopic surgery Case report

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MicroRNAs modulation in lung cancer: exploring dual mechanisms and clinical prospects

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BIOCELL 2024年第3期48卷 403-413页

作者： SHAHID HUSSAIN HABIB BOKHARI XINGXING FAN SHAUKAT IQBAL malik SUNDAS IJAZ muhammad ADNAN SHEREEN AIMAN FATIMA Department of Biotechnology Kohsar University MurreeMurreePakistan Macao University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines TaipaMacao Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences Capital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan Department of Microbiology Kohsar University MurreeMurreePakistan

The global incidence of lung cancer is marked by a considerably elevated mortality rate.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)exert pivotal inﬂuence in the intricate orchestration of gene regulation,and their dysregulation can precipitate dire consequences,notably cancer.Within this context,miRNAs encapsulated in exosomes manifest a diversiﬁed impact on the landscape of lung cancer,wherein their actions may either foster angiogenesis,cell proliferation,and metastasis,or counteract these processes.This comprehensive review article discerns potential targets for the prospective development of therapeutic agents tailored for lung cancer.Tumor-suppressive miRNAs,such as miR-204,miR-192,miR-30a,miR-34a,miR-34b,miR-203,and miR-212,exhibit heightened expression and demonstrate the capacity to inhibit cellular proliferation and invasiveness.Conversely,the deleterious effects of tumor-promoting miRNAs like miR-21,miR-106a,miR-155,miR-205,and miR-210 can be attenuated through the application of their respective inhibitors.Distinct miRNAs selectively target various oncogenes,including NUAK Family Kinase 1(NUAK1),Snail Family Transcriptional Repressor 1(Snai1),Astrocyte elevated gene-1(AEG-1),Vimentin,Proliferation and apoptosis adaptor protein 15(PEA-15/PED),Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha(HIF1),as well as tumor suppressor genes such as phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN),Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1(SOCS1),Tumor protein P53 binding protein 1(TP53BP1),and PH Domain and Leucine Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase 2(PHLP22).This investigative approach proves invaluable in elucidating the speciﬁc miRNAs implicated in the deregulation of crucial genes pivotal to the pathogenesis of cancer.

关键词： miRNAs Oncogenes Tumor suppressive genes Lung cancer therapy

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Unveiling a new regulator: Vacuolar V-ATPase mediates brassinosteroid signaling in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 227-229页

作者： Shikha malik Justin W.Walley Department of Plant Pathology Entomologyand Microbiologylowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Plant growth and development are intricately regulated by hormones such as auxins,gibberellins,jamonates,cytokinins,and brassinosteroids(BRs).BRs are a group of plant steroid hormones that play a vital role in plant growth and response to the environment.BRs regulate many biological processes including cell elongation,cell division,and male fertility,as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses.

关键词： media fertility brassinosteroid

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巴基斯坦谢胡普拉农业区优先流三维结构及其影响因素

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中国水土保持科学 2024年第3期22卷 20-27页

作者： muhammad Atif 牛健植 muhammad Haris malik Zoha 北京林业大学水土保持学院北京100083

优先流是水通过土壤中特定路径的运动,而不是水在土壤结构里均匀地流动。由于土壤的异质性,例如裂缝、根通道或虫洞,这些优先流动路径经常形成。这种分形图案使理解和描述首选流动路线的行为变得具有挑战性。为了准确地进行水和溶质的输... 详细信息

优先流是水通过土壤中特定路径的运动,而不是水在土壤结构里均匀地流动。由于土壤的异质性,例如裂缝、根通道或虫洞,这些优先流动路径经常形成。这种分形图案使理解和描述首选流动路线的行为变得具有挑战性。为了准确地进行水和溶质的输送,需要花费大量时间来理解和描述优先流路的增长和演变。传统模型需要改进来捕捉优先流的复杂和非线性行为。选取4块120 cm×120 cm样地,对4块样地进行染料示踪实验,以确认溶质和水的优选流动模式。数据已在Origin Lab中进行分析,以创建3D图表,并使用Sketchu p-2021 Pro向每个绘图提供0.50 L亮蓝溶液(5 g/L)。每个地块包含3个垂直的土壤剖面,每个剖面深150 cm,并且剖面墙经过广泛的刀具准备。将亮蓝留在表面24 h以渗透到土壤表面。结果表明:优先流在压实度最小且大孔隙连续性保持的区域最为突出。相反,压实的影响导致压实区域微孔隙率降低和优先流动模式减弱。亮蓝色在土壤中的最大深度可达15.5 cm。FCP的运动取决于不同的因素,如根部、毛孔、裂缝等。亮蓝色在根部可用的地方达到最大深度。在本研究中,通过使用Sketch Pro软件以三维方式显示亮蓝色运动,以便更好地理解它。此外,本研究揭示压实和随后的恢复过程如何影响土壤对水流和地表径流的敏感性。全面的3D表示,这项研究提供了对水流通道的形成和演化的深入理解。根据本研究发现的水流模式,在没有压实作用的较高位置,大孔隙连续性得以保留,择流最强。由于压实作用,微孔隙度下降,且越下侧越弱。该研究可以更好地理解水流通道的创建和演化。该研究增强对优先流及其在自然和农业生态系统中养分和水循环中的作用的了解。从这项研究中获得的见解可以为制定改进的农业用地管理策略提供信息,促进可持续和高效的水资源管理。

关键词：优先流土壤异质性压实效应大孔隙

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Recent advances on vaccines against malaria: A review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第4期17卷 143-159页

作者： Shiza malik Yasir Waheed Bridging Health Foundation Rawalpindi 46000Pakistan Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine Lebanese American UniversityByblos 1401Lebanon MEU Research Unit Middle East UniversityAmman11831Jordan

This review aims to summarize the currently viable vaccine strategies including the approved vaccines and the those in trials for next-generation malaria vaccines.Data on malaria vaccine development was collected through a comprehensive review.The literature search was performed using databases including Google Scholar,PubMed,NIH,and Web of Science.Various novel approaches of vaccination are being developed,including those based on radiation-attenuated strategies,monoclonal antibodies,targeted immunogenic peptides,RNA and DNA vaccines,nanoparticle-based vaccines,protein-based vaccination protocols,and whole organism-based vaccination strategies.Trials on RTS,S have entered phase Ⅲtesting,and those based on blood-stage vaccines and vaccines to interrupt malarial transmission have advanced to higher stages of trials.Mathematical modeling,combined drug and vaccine strategies,mass drug administration,polyvalent vaccine formulations,and targeted vaccination campaigns is playing an important role in malarial prevention.Furthermore,assessing coverage,accessibility,acceptability,deployment,compilation,and adherence to specific vaccination strategies in endemic regions is essential for vaccination drives against malaria.

关键词： Vaccines against malaria Drugs and adjuvant Malarial treatment Plasmodium RTS,S vaccine

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Cambrian integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 950-970页

作者： Zhixin SUN Lang SUN Fangchen ZHAO Bing PAN malik muhammad Saud Sajid KHAN Shehryar AHMED Chuan YANG Lanyun MIAO Zongjun YIN Guoxiang LI Maoyan ZHU State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas have a long and complex tectonic evolutionary history.Cratons and blocks,such as northern India,Lhasa,Qiangtang,Qaidam and Central Qilian,and their in-between orogenic belts constitute the main part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.During the Cambrian Period,most of these cratons and blocks were on the northwestern periphery of Gondwana,and were associated with the surrounding blocks,e.g.Arabian,Central Iran,Afghanistan,Tarim,Alxa,North China,South China and Sibumasu through the Proto-Tethys Ocean.The Cambrian stratigraphic sequences on these stable blocks are composed of mixed siliciclastic and carbonate rocks deposited in the shallow-water marine environments,and contain the trilobite assemblages of shelf facies.The Cambrian stratigraphic sequences in the Qilian tectonic belts,however,are characterized by the intermediate-basic igneous rocks and silicates formed in the Proto-Tethys Ocean,and contain the trilobite assemblages of deep-water slope facies.Combining with previous data,field observations and newly discovered fossils through funding by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research,the general characteristics of the Cambrian strata in different tectonic units of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas have been summarized in this paper.Furthermore,efforts have been made to subdivide and correlate the Cambrian strata across these areas by utilizing available biostratigraphic and geochronological data.As a result,a comprehensive litho-and biostratigraphy chart has been compiled.Finally,from the biogeographic perspective,this paper also provides a brief overview of the Cambrian paleogeographical reconstruction of the major tectonic blocks,and discusses the problems associated with the evolution of the ProtoTethys tectonic belt.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Cambrian Stratigraphy Paleogeography Biota Gondwana Proto-Tethys Ocean

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Left bundle branch pacing vs biventricular pacing in heart failure patients with left bundle branch block:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第1期16卷 40-48页

作者： Farah Yasmin Abdul Moeed Rohan Kumar Ochani Hamna Raheel malik Ali Ehtsham Awan Ayesha Liaquat Arisha Saleem muhammad Aamir Nael Hawwa Salim Surani Department of Internal Medicine Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06511United States Department of Medicine Dow University of Health ScienceKarachi 74200SindhPakistan Department of Medicine SUNNY Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNY 13210United States Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Lehigh Valley Heart and Vascular InstituteAllentownPA 18105United States Department of Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Medicine&Pharmacology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843United States

BACKGROUND Left bundle branch pacing(LBBP)is a novel pacing modality of cardiac resynchronization therapy(CRT)that achieves more physiologic native ventricular activation than biventricular pacing(BiVP).AIM To explore the validity of electromechanical resynchronization,clinical and echocardiographic response of LBBP-CRT.METHODS Systematic review and Meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the standard guidelines as mentioned in detail in the methodology section.RESULTS In our analysis,the success rate of LBBP-CRT was determined to be 91.1%.LBBP CRT significantly shortened QRS duration,with significant improvement in echocardiographic parameters,including left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and left ventricular end-systolic diameter in comparison with BiVP-CRT.CONCLUSION A significant reduction in New York Heart Association class and B-type natriuretic peptide levels was also observed in the LBBP-CRT group vs BiVP-CRT group.Lastly,the LBBP-CRT cohort had a reduced pacing threshold at follow-up as compared to BiVP-CRT.

关键词： Left bundle branch pacing Biventricular pacing QRS duration Left ventricular ejection fraction Heart failure

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