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Intestinal protozoa and intestinal helminthic infections among schoolchildren in Central Sudan

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2010年第4期3卷 292-293页

作者： Abdel-aziz m.Ahmed Azam A.Afifi Elfatih m.malik Ishag adam University of Khartoum Sudan Preventive medicine Federal Ministry of HealthSudan

Objective:To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and soil-transmitted helminths(STHs) among primary schoolchildren in El dhayga,Central ***:In this cross-sectional study,three fresh faecal samples were collected from each child,which were examined by direct wet mount,brine flotation,formalin-ether and Kato-Katz *** intensity of each STH infection was expressed as the mean of eggs per gram counts of the three ***:In total,142(90.4%) of 157 children harboured at least one type of intestinal *** lumbricoides,Hymenolepis nana,Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were the most common parasites found,with prevalence rates of 32.5%,30.6%,33.1%and 19.7%,*** of these 157 children,29(18.5%) harboured more than two intestinal parasitic *** cases of Schistosoma mansoni or Enterobius vermicularis were identified. Conclusions:The study demonstrates significant burden of intestinal protozoa and STH infections in this part of Sudan and highlights the need for preventive and intervention measures.

关键词： Schoolchildern Helminthes Intestinal Protozoa Sudan

Where is the policy?A bibliometric analysis of the state of policy research on medical tourism

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Global Health research and Policy 2020年第1期5卷 252-267页

作者： Altaf Virani adam m.Wellstead michael Howlett Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy National University of Singapore469C Bukit Timah RoadSingapore 259772Singapore Department of Social Sciences Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonUSA Department of Political Science Simon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada

Background:It is imperative that researchers studying medical tourism connect their work with policy,so that its real-world challenges can be better understood,and more effectively *** article gauges the scope and evolution of policy thinking in medical tourism research through a bibliometric review of published academic literature,to establish the extent to which researchers apply public policy theories and frameworks in their investigation of medical tourism,or consider the policy imperatives of their ***:A Boolean search of the Web of Science(WoS)Core Collection was performed to identify policy-related publications on medical *** analyzed the results using bibliometrics and a data visualization software called VOSviewer to identify patterns in knowledge production and underlying network linkages in policy research on the ***:Our findings suggest that only a small proportion of medical tourism research explicitly addresses policy issues or applies policy paradigms in their study ***-specialized journals serving practitioners publish less research as compared to interdisciplinary social and health policy ***,there are significant geographical and disciplinary disparities in the policy-orientation of research,and a predilection towards select policy areas such as reproductive and transplant tourism to the neglect of more holistic governance and health system ***:This article is a call to action for greater engagement by policy scholars on medical tourism,and for health researchers to more explicitly consider how their research might contribute to the understanding and resolution of contemporary policy challenges of medical *** to clearly and consistently make the policy connection is a lost opportunity for researchers to frame the public debate,and influence policy thinking on medical tourism.

关键词： medical tourism Health tourism Healthcare tourism Policy research Policy thinking Bibliometric analysis

An ultraviolet to visible scheme to estimate chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorption in a Case-2 water from remote sensing reflectance

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第2期14卷 384-400页

作者： Xia LEI Jiayi PAN adam DEVLIN Institute of Space and Earth Information Science The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina School of Geography and Environment Jiangxi Normal UniversityNanchang 330022China

In a typical Case-2 coastal water environment(here,the Pearl river Estuary(PrE),China),chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOm)and suspended particulates dominate the water optical properties,and CDOm fluorescence contributes considerably to surface water *** this paper,an ultraviolet(UV)to visible scheme to retrieve CDOm absorption(ag)is developed based on a set of in situ ***,the CDOm UV absorption and spectral slope(Sg)are derived directly from the visible remote sensing reflectance;then the Sg is extrapolated to obtain the spectrum from UV to visible spectral *** algorithm performs well,with an overall mean absolute percent difference(mAPD)of^30%,~5%and^6%for the estimation of ag in 250–450 nm,Sg over 250–400 nm,and 250–700 nm,*** effectiveness and stability of the algorithm is further demonstrated in capturing the distribution pattern of CDOm absorption in the PrE from satellite ocean color imagery with multiple spatial and spectral resolution,namely:the Visible Infrared Imaging radiometer Suite(VIIrS)(750 m/multispectral),the Ocean and Land Color Instrument(OLCI)(300 m/multispectral),the Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean(HICO)(100 m/Hyperspectral),and the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager(OLI)(30 m/multispectral).The UV to visible scheme can benefit the CDOm absorption estimation in two aspects:1)it is free from the disturbance of suspended matter;2)it avoids uncertainties caused by the low signalto-noise ratio(SNr)of ag measurements in the visible *** algorithm is effective in revealing multiple scales of variation of CDOm absorption from ocean color observations.

关键词： Chromophoric dissolved organic matter ocean color remote sensing Pearl river Estuary ultraviolet

Environmental variation shifts the relationship between trees and scatterhoarders along the continuum from mutualism to antagonism

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 319-330页

作者： Gina m.SAWAYA adam S.GOLDBErG michael A.STEELE Harmony J.DALGLEISH Department of Biology College of William and MaryWilliamsburgVirginiaUSA Department of Biology Wilkes UniversityWilkes-BarrePennsylvaniaUSA

The conditional mutualism between scatterhoarders and trees varies on a continuum from mutualism to antagonism and can change across time and space,and among *** examined 4 tree species(red oak[Quercus rubra],white oak[Quercus alba],American chestnut[Castanea dentata]and hybrid chestnut[***×Castanea] mollissima)across 5 sites and 3 years to quantify the variability in this conditional *** used a published model to compare the rates of seed emergence with and without burial to the probability that seeds will be cached and left uneaten by scatterhoarders to quantify variation in the conditional mutualism that can be explained by environmental variation among sites,years,species,and seed provenance within *** species tested had increased emergence when ***,comparing benefits of burial to the probability of caching by scatterhoarders indicated a mutualism in red oak,while white oak was nearly always *** was variable around the boundary between mutualism and antagonism,indicating a high degree of context dependence in the relationship with *** found that different seed provenances did not vary in their potential for *** did not explain microsite differences in seed emergence in any of the species *** hybrid chestnut only,emergence on the surface declined with soil moisture in the *** quantifying the variation in the conditional mutualism that was not caused by changes in scatterhoarder behavior,we show that environmental conditions and seed traits are an important and underappreciated component of the variation in the relationship between trees and scatterhoarders.

关键词： Castanea dentata conditional mutualism Quercus alba Quercus rubra temperate forest

Adenosine-treated bioprinted muscle constructs prolong cell survival and improve tissue formation

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Bio-Design and manufacturing 2021年第3期4卷 441-451页

作者： Dongxu Ke adam m.Jorgensen Sang J.Lee James J.Yoo Sean V.murphy Wake Forest Institute for regenerative medicine Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston-SalemNCUSA Novaprint Therapeutics Suzhou Co. LtdSuzhouJiangsuChina

It is crucial to maintaining the viability of biofabricated human-sized tissues to ensure their successful survival and function after *** is a purine nucleoside that has the function to suppress cellular metabolism and has been previously proposed as a method to prolong cell viability under *** this study,we optimized the dose concentration of adenosine for incorporation into bioprinted constructs to preserve long-term cell viability in *** results showed that muscle cells(C2C12)containing 6,7,or 8 mm adenosine maintained high cell viability for 20 days under hypoxic conditions(0.1%O2),whereas cells without adenosine treatment showed 100%cell death after 11 *** 20 days under hypoxic conditions,muscle cells treated with adenosine proliferated and differentiated when transferred to normoxic *** these adenosine concentrations,6 mm was picked as the optimized adenosine concentration for further investigations due to its most effective results on improving cell *** bioprinted muscle constructs containing adenosine(6 mm)maintained high cell viability for 11 days under hypoxic conditions,while the control constructs without adenosine had no live *** in vivo validation,the bioprinted constructs with adenosine implanted under the dorsal subcutaneous space in mice,showed the enhanced formation of muscle tissue with minimal central necrosis and apoptosis,when compared to the constructs without *** positive in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that the use of adenosine is an effective approach to preventing the challenge of hypoxia-induced necrosis in bioprinted tissues for clinical translation.

关键词： Bioprinting Hypoxia Adenosine Cell viability In vivo

Uplifting the complexity of analysis for probabilistic security of electricity supply assessments using artificial neural networks

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Energy and AI

Energy and AI 2024年第3期17卷 313-326页

作者： Justin münch Jan Priesmann marius reich marius Tillmanns Aaron Praktiknjo mario adam University of Applied Sciences Duesseldorf Centre of Innovative Energy SystemsMuensterstr.15640476 DuesseldorfGermany rWTH Aachen University E.ON Energy Research CenterChair for Energy System Economics(FCN-ESE)Mathieustrasse 1052074 AachenGermany

The energy sector faces rapid decarbonisation and decision-makers demand reliable assessments of the security of electricity supply. For this, detailed simulation models with a high temporal and technological resolution are required. When confronted with increasing weather-dependent renewable energy generation, probabilistic simulation models have proven. The significant computational costs of calculating a scenario, however, limit the complexity of further analysis. Advances in code optimization as well as the use of computing clusters still lead to runtimes of up to eight hours per scenario. However ongoing research highlights that tailor-made approximations are potentially the key factor in further reducing computing time. Consequently, current research aims to provide a method for the rapid prediction of widely varying scenarios. In this work artificial neural networks (ANN) are trained and compared to approximate the system behavior of the probabilistic simulation model. To do so, information needs to be sampled from the probabilistic simulation in an efficient way. Because only a limited space in the whole design space of the 16 independent variables is of interest, a classification is developed. Finally it required only around 35 min to create the regression models, including sampling the design space, simulating the training data and training the ANNs. The resulting ANNs are able to predict all scenarios within the validity range of the regression model with a coefficient of determination of over 0.9998 for independent test data (1.051.200 data points). They need only a few milliseconds to predict one scenario, enabling in-depth analysis in a brief period of time.

关键词： Security of electricity supply Probabilistic simulation metamodeling Artificial neural networks regression

Nitrogen regulation by natural systems in“unnatural”landscapes:denitrification in ultra-urban coastal ecosystems

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第9期4卷 17-37页

作者： Bernice r.rosenzweig Peter m.Groffman Chester B.Zarnoch Brett F.Branco Ellen K.Hartig James Fitzpatrick Helen m.Forgione adam Parris Environmental Sciences Initiative Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA Earth and Environmental Sciences Brooklyn CollegeCity University of New YorkBrooklynNYUSA Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies MillbrookNYUSA Natural Sciences Baruch College and Graduate CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA New York City Department of Parks and recreation Natural Resources GroupNew YorkNYUSA HDr Inc.New YorkNYUSA The Natural Areas Conservancy New YorkNYUSA Science and resilience Institute at Jamaica Bay BrooklynNYUSA

Dense cities represent biogeochemical hot spots along the shoreline,concentrating fixed nitrogen that is subsequently discharged into adjacent coastal receiving ***,the ecosystem services provided by natural systems in highly urban environments can play a particularly important role in the global nitrogen *** this paper,we review the recent literature on nitrogen regulation by temperate coastal ecosystems,with a focus on how the distinct physical and biogeochemical features of the urban landscape can affect the provision of this ecosystem *** use Jamaica Bay,an ultra-urbanized coastal lagoon in the United States of America,as a demonstrative case *** on simple areal and tidal-based calculations,the natural systems of Jamaica Bay remove~24%of the reactive nitrogen discharged by wastewater treatment ***,this estimate does not represent the dynamic nature of urban nitrogen cycling represented in the recent literature and highlights key research needs and *** review reveals that ecosystem-facilitated denitrification may be significant in even the most densely urbanized coastal landscapes,but critical uncertainties currently limit incorporation of this ecosystem service in environmental management.

关键词： Nitrogen denitrification urban coastal anammox wetlands

Chemotherapy brings virtual memory T cells into reality for cancer therapy

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2021年第5期18卷 1339-1340页

作者： Zoe C.Schmiechen adam L.Burrack Ingunn m.Stromnes Department of microbiology and Immunology University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolis55414MNUSA Center for Immunology University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolis55414MNUSA Center for Genome Engineering University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolis55414MNUSA masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolis55414MNUSA

The anticancer effect of chemotherapy has been historically attributed to directly inducing proliferating cancer cell death.1 Accumulating evidence suggests that chemotherapy also engages the immune *** chemotherapies can induce immunogenic cell death,leading to tumor antigen uptake and presentation by dendritic cells to activate tumor-reactive T cells.2 A new study by Wang et *** another dimension to this paradigm by demonstrating that chemotherapy pretreatment of cancer cells can directly activate virtual memory(Vm)CD8^(+)T cells to mediate tumor cytotoxicity in an antigen-independent manner.

关键词： chemotherapy cancer

Therapy-refractory gastrointestinal motility disorder in a child with c-kit mutations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第34期16卷 4363-4366页

作者： Christian Breuer Jun Oh Gerhard J molderings michael Schemann Birgit Kuch Ertan mayatepek rüdiger adam Department of General Pediatrics University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf Institute of Human Genetics University Hospital Bonn Department of Human Biology Technische Universitt München Pediatric Gastroenterology Department of Pediatrics University Hospital Mannheim

Constipation and fecal impaction are frequent and distressing complaints in pediatric gastroenterology. Especially in neurologically handicapped children, treatment of severe forms of slow-transit constipation (STC) can be difficult. In the majority of cases, STC is of unknown etiology. However, in recent years, there is growing evidence that interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), which serve as electrical pacemakers and generate spontaneous electrical slow waves in the gastrointestinal tract, might play an important role in the pathophysiology of STC. It remains unclear whether morphological ICC alterations seen in affected patients are based on congenital developmental anomalies, or whether they are a consequence of long-term constipation with secondary damage of the gastrointestinal nervous system. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of a patient with histological alterations in ICC morphology who displayed multiple alterations of c-kit at the level of mrNA. The protein encoded by c-kit is the receptor tyrosine kinase Kit (CD117), which is crucial for development and function of ICCs. Therefore, these findings provide a new explanation for congenital alterations of ICC development that result in gastrointestinal motility disorders.

关键词： Slow-transit constipation Interstitial cells of Cajal c-kit