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Role of gut-liver axis and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第23期30卷 2964-2980页

作者： Jakub Rochoń Piotr Kalinowski Ksenia szymanek-Majchrzak Michałgrąt Department of General Transplant and Liver SurgeryMedical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-097Poland Department of Medical Microbiology Medical University of WarsawWarsaw 02-004Poland

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic *** is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and shows increasing prevalence rates in most *** is a progressive disease with the most severe cases presenting as advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis with an increased risk of hepatocellular *** microbiota play a significant role in the pathogenesis and progression of MAFLD by disrupting the gut-liver *** mechanisms involved in maintaining gut-liver axis homeostasis are *** critical aspect involves preserving an appropriate intestinal barrier permeability and levels of intestinal lumen metabolites to ensure gutliver axis *** increase in intestinal barrier permeability induces metabolic endotoxemia that leads to ***,alterations in the absorption of various metabolites can affect liver metabolism and induce liver steatosis and ***-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)are a class of drugs developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes *** are also commonly used to combat obesity and have been proven to be effective in reversing hepatic *** mechanisms reported to be involved in this effect include an improved regulation of glycemia,reduced lipid synthesis,β-oxidation of free fatty acids,and induction of autophagy in hepatic ***,multiple peptide receptor agonists have been introduced and are expected to increase the effectiveness of the treatment.A modulation of gut microbiota has also been observed with the use of these drugs that may contribute to the amelioration of *** review presents the current understanding of the role of the gutliver axis in the development of MAFLD and use of members of the GLP-1 RA family as pleiotropic agents in the treatment of MAFLD.

关键词： Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Metabolic syndrome Obesity Gastrointestinal microbiota Glucagon-like peptide-1 Glucagon-like peptide-2 Bariatric surgery

Understanding Behavioral Manifestations of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in People with Intellectual Disabilities—A Qualitative study

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 67-90页

作者： Lena grüter Matthias grünke Department of Rehabilitation and special Education University of Cologne Cologne Germany

Background: There is limited knowledge about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in people with intellectual disabilities (IDs). This paper describes the manifestation of compulsive behaviors associated with OCD at the behavioral level in people with ID in institutionalized settings. The aim was to gain nuanced insight into appropriate understanding and classification in this specific context, and derive implications for research and practice. Methods: Individual cases of people with ID (n = 7) were studied to assess compulsive symptoms through two days of on-site observation of the person with ID within the institution, guided group discussions (n = 28), and semi-structured interviews with key informants and caregivers of the person with ID (n = 20). Caregiver ratings of the compulsive behavior checklist were compiled. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: All forms of OCD were present. Characteristics of compulsive behaviors in people with ID at the behavioral level included less complex and more obvious compulsive acts, immediate responses, signs of tension, motor restlessness, facial expression changes, repetition, need for predictability, time-consuming behaviors, and aggressive reactions when these acts were interrupted. some of the compulsive behaviors corresponded to the ICD-11 OCD code 6B20, and others to compulsions as a psychological symptom (MB23.4). Conclusions: OCD may manifest atypically at the behavioral level in people with ID, posing significant challenges for accurate classification due to symptom ambiguity. Follow-up differential diagnostic studies are needed to more accurately identify and differentiate OCD symptoms in people with ID. Further, disorder-specific guidelines for recognizing OCD in people with ID are needed for institutionalized settings without psychiatric-psychotherapeutic expertise.

关键词： People with Intellectual Disabilities Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Compulsive Behavior Diagnostics Differential Diagnosis

Design and implementation of the monochromator shielding for the cold neutron spectrometers XINGZHI and BOYA

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 96-102页

作者：汪晋辰刘娟娟徐大业 Florian grünauer 郝丽杰刘蕴韬张红霞程鹏鲍威 Laboratory for Neutron scattering and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials and MicroNano Devices Department of PhysicsRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Physics Consulting Zorneding 85604Germany China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing 102413China Department of Physics City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077China Center for Neutron scattering City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077China

An innovative monochromator shielding is designed and implemented for the cold neutron spectrometers XINGZHI and BOYA operated by Renmin University of China at China Advanced Research *** Monte Carlo simulations and careful mechanical designs,a shielding configuration has been successfully developed to satisfy safety requirements of below 3μsv/h dose rate at its exterior,meanwhile fulfilling space,floor load and nonmagnetic *** materials are utilized to form the sandwich-type shielding walls:the inner layer of boron carbide rubber,the middle layer of steel-encased lead and the outer layer of borated ***-shaped liftable shielding blocks are incorporated to facilitate a continuous adjustment of the neutron energy while preventing radiation *** work has demonstrated that by utilizing composite shielding materials,along with the sandwich structure and liftable shielding blocks,a compact and lightweight shielding solution can be *** enables the realization of advanced neutron scattering instruments that provide expanded space of measurement,larger energy and momentum coverage,and higher flux on the *** shielding represents the first of its kind in neutron scattering instruments in *** its successful operation,it has been subsequently employed by other neutron instruments across the country.

关键词： neutron scattering cold neutron spectrometer monochromator shielding sandwich shielding structure

split-Tetraquaternion Algebra and Applications

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第7期12卷 2682-2690页

作者： grégoire Lutanda Panga Department of Mathematics and Informatic University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi The Democratic Republic of the Congo

In this paper, from the spacetime algebra associated with the Minkowski space ℝ3,1by means of a change of signature, we describe a quaternionic representation of the split-tetraquaternion algebra which incorporates the Pauli algebra, the split-biquaternion algebra and the split-quaternion algebra, we relate these algebras to Clifford algebras and we show the emergence of the stabilized Poincaré-Heisenberg algebra from the split-tetraquaternion algebra. We list without going into details some of their applications in Physics and in Born geometry.

关键词： Tetraquaternion Algebra split-Tetraquaternion Algebra split Quaternion Algebra Clifford Algebra

subpopulations of regulatory T cells are associated with subclinical atherosclerotic plaques,levels of LDL,and cardiorespiratory fitness in the elderly

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Journal of sport and Health science 2024年第3期13卷 288-296,I0002页

作者： Tim Böttrich Pascal Bauer Vincent gröβer Magdalena Huber Hartmann Raifer Torsten Frech svenja Nolte Theresa Dombrowski Franz Cemic Natascha sommer Robert Ringseis Klaus Eder Karsten Krüger Christopher Weyh Department of Exercise Physiology and sports Therapy Institute of Sports ScienceJustus-Liebig-UniversityGiessen 35394Germany Department of Cardiology and Angiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenGiessen 35392Germany Institute for systems Immunology Center for Tumor und ImmunologyMarburg 35032Germany TH Mittelhessen Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of Applied Sciences GiessenGiessen 35390Germany Department of Internal Medicine Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center(UGMLC)Member of the German Center for Lung Research(DZL)Giessen 35394Germany Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Institute(CPI) Justus-Liebig UniversityGiessen 35394Germany Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenGiessen 35390Germany

Background:Atherosclerosis forms the pathological basis for the development of cardiovascular *** pathological processes initially develop without clinically relevant symptoms,the identification of early markers in the subclinical stage plays an important role for initiating early *** is evidence that regulatory T cells(Tregs)are involved in the development of ***,the present study aimed to identify and investigate associations with Tregs and their subsets in a cohort of healthy elderly individuals with and without subclinical atherosclerotic plaques(sAP).In addition,various lifestyle and risk factors,such as cardiorespiratory fitness,were investigated as associated ***:A cross-sectional study was performed in 79 participants(male:n=50;age=63.6±3.7 years;body mass index=24.9±3.1 kg/m2;mean±sD)who had no previous diagnosis of chronic disease and were not taking *** of the carotids to identify sAP,cardiovascular function measurement for vascular assessment and a cardiorespiratory fitness test to determine peak oxygen uptake were ***,tests were conducted to assess blood lipids and determine glucose *** of Tregs and their subtypes(resting(rTregs)and effector/memory(mTregs))was performed by 8-chanel flow *** were categorized according to atherosclerotic plaque *** and logistic regression models were used to analyze associations between ***:sAP was detected in a total of 29 *** participants with plaque were older(64.8±3.6 years vs.62.9±3.5 years)and had higher peripheral systolic blood pressure(133.8±14.7 mmHg vs.125.8±10.9 mmHg).The participants with sAP were characterized by a lower percentage of rTregs(28.8%±10.7%vs.34.6%±10.7%)and a higher percentage of mTregs(40.3%±14.7%vs.30.0%±11.9%).Multiple logistic regression identified age(odds ratio(OR)=1.20(95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.011.42))and

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Elderly Regulatory T cells subclinical atherosclerosis

Nutraceutical Potentiality of Fruits of Red Variety of Pseudospondias microcarpa (A. Rich) Engl.

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Food and Nutrition sciences 2024年第3期15卷 224-234页

作者： Babouongolo sévère-grébel Niang Lahat Nkounkou-Loumpangou Célestine Bonazaba Milandou Longin Justin Clair Ouamba Jean-Maurille Plant and Life Chemistry Unit (UC2V in French) Faculty of Science and Techniques University Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Eau-Energie-Environnement and Industrial Processes Laboratory (LE3PI in French) University of Dakar Dakar Sénégal

The red fruits of Pseudospondias microcarpa (A. Rich) Engl. are widely consumed by the populations of northern Congo for their sweet and tangy flavor as well as for their characteristic smell. The objective of this study was to show the food potential of the fruits of this plant for their valorization. Organic solvent extracts were prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening to determine the nutrients and phytonutrients of this fruit. Raw juice was extracted by trituration without adding water and subjected to physicochemical and biochemical analyses in order to determine its quality and its antiradical activity. The raw juice obtained is moderately acidic (pH 3.28), very cloudy and colored (turbidity of 1019 NTU). It has a dry matter content of 3.771% ± 0.013% reflecting the 70% dominance of water in the weight of the fruit and the presence of dissolved organic matter in its juice. Energy nutrients (sugars, amino acids), carotenoids, coumarins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenes and sterols have been highlighted as nutrients with therapeutic potential commonly called phytonutrients of this fruit. The juice presented a dominance in polyphenols (134.8500 ± 0.0023 mg gallic acid/100 g) than in carotenoids (5.100 ± 0.010 mg carotene/100 g), high levels of mineral macroelements (calcium: 3570.00 ± 2.05 mg and potassium: 4576.00 ± 9.49 mg) and trace elements (copper: 11.13 ± 0.10 mg, iron: 3.02 ± 0.03 mg and zinc: 2.57 ± 0.08 mg). These compounds exhibited good antioxidant activity. The presence of these nutrients and phytonutrients in these fruits is interesting for the proper functioning of certain organs and the prevention of certain diseases. This fruit is therefore an energizing and functional food that can compete with conventional fruits whose juices are marketed.

关键词： Alicament Fruit Juice Pseudospondias microcarpa Phytochemistry

Effect of Eu3+,Bi3+,and Li+ doping on luminescent property of GdNbO4

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 66-75页

作者： s.W.Wi Y.s.Lee Department of Physics and Integrative Institute of Basic sciences Soongsil University

We investigated the emission properties of Eu3+-doped GdNbO4-based oxide phosphors,aiming at improving the Eu3+emission by codoping of Bi3+and Li+.Eu3+singly doped,Eu3+and Bi3+doubly doped,and Eu3+,Bi3+,and Li+triply doped GdNbO4were prepared using a high-temperature solid-state reaction *** red-orange emissions from Eu3+in the singly doped samples are significantly improved by the codoping of Bi3+,mainly due to the energy transfer from Bi3+to Eu3+.The additional codoping of Li+is found to increase the Eu3+emission *** improvement might be attributed to the increase in the photoluminescent quantum yield originating from larger grain sizes and better crystallinity.A detailed analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern and the asymmetric ratio estimated from the photoluminescence spectra show that the local lattice environment around Eu3+in GdNbO4does not change significantly with the codoping of Bi3+and Li+.Our results indicate that Li+doping is a promising way to improve the emission properties of rare-earth ion-doped GdNbO4phosphors.

关键词： Eu 3+ GdNbO 4 Codoping of Li + Photoluminescence sensitizer Rare earths

First evidence for chiral wobbling of triaxial nuclei

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Nuclear science and Techniques 2024年第7期35卷 4-7页

作者： s.Frauendorf Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Notre DameNotre DameIN 46556USA

Chirality(greek“handiness”)is a property of many com-plex *** molecules exist in two forms,one being the mirror image of the *** for our hands,it is impossible to make the images identical by a suitable *** two forms are called left-handed and *** have the same binding energy,because the electro-magnetic interaction,which holds the molecule together,does not change under a *** properties that are insensitive to the geometry are also the *** different geometry is the reason why the left-handed form turns the polarization plane of transmitted light in one direction by some angle while the right-handed form turns it in the oppo-site direction by the same ***,the geometrical differences between the two species may have other *** two species of the carvon molecule shown in Fig.1 taste quite differently.

关键词： turns Chiral mirror

Tribological behavior of lubricant-impregnated porous polyimide

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Friction 2024年第4期12卷 711-725页

作者： Jinbang LI Ningning ZHOU Janet s.s.WONG school of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China Beijing Key Laboratory of Long-life Technology of Precise Rotation and Transmission Mechanisms Beijing Institute of Control EngineeringBeijing 100029China Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK

Porous materials impregnated with lubricants can be used in conditions where limited lubricant is *** this work,three porous polyimides(PPI)with different densities were ***(PAO)impregnated PPI(iPPI)discs were rubbed against steel and sapphire *** operando observations of the iPPI-sapphire contacts show that oil is released under an applied load,forming a meniscus around *** at the outlet is created at high sliding *** amount of released oil increases with increasing PPI *** moduli,E*,estimated based on the actual contact size show that trapped oil in iPPIs contributes to load *** higher speeds,tribological rehydration of the contact occurs in low density iPPI,with that E*rises with *** high density PPIs,high speeds give a constantly high E*which is limited by the viscoelastic properties of the PPI network and possibly the rate of oil *** of iPPI-steel contacts is governed by the mechanical properties of the PPI,the flow of the lubricant,and the roughness of the PPI *** low-and medium-density(highly porous,high roughness)PPIs,large amount of oil is released,and lubrication is mainly via lubricant restricted in the contact in the pores and possibly tribological *** high density(low porosity)PPI,with lower roughness,hydrodynamic lubrication is achieved which gives the lowest *** results show that polymeric porous materials for effective lubrication require the optimization of its surface roughness,stiffness,oil flow,and oil retentions.

关键词： polyimide porous material friction mechanism polymer limited lubrication