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Status and determinants of other gainful activities by farmers in mountainous rural regions of Gilgit-Baltistan,Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2021年第10期18卷 2520-2539页

作者： SHAHZAD Muhammad Abid ahmed vaqar FISCHER Christian Faculty of Science and Technology Free University of Bozen-BolzanoBolzano 39100Italy Sustainable Development Policy Institute Islamabad 44000Pakistan

Non-farm income sources are important for livelihood sustenance,especially in the mountainous regions of developing *** implement effective policies to improve economic development,policymakers need insights at the grassroots ***,there is a lack of empirical evidence in the context of *** study examines the current situation and the factors influencing the decision by farmers to engage in other gainful activities(OGAs)such as farm diversification and off-farm work in the northern mountainous regions of *** study is based on quantitative survey data obtained from 459 farm managers and qualitative data from 24 key informants from five different districts in *** a logistic regression model,a statistical analysis is conducted on farmer and farm characteristics to investigate the probability of farm managers to engage in *** survey results show that around 71%of farm managers are engaged in OGAs(with 24%in farm diversification,61%in offfarm work and 15%in both).The share of female farm managers is 51%in farm diversification while male farm managers dominate off-farm activities(69%).The most prevalent types of farm diversification are the processing of farm products and tourism-related farm work,while the main off-farm activities are setting up grocery stores outside the farm,having salaried jobs or engaging in other non-agricultural *** are significant differences between farmers with and without OGAs particularly regarding farmer characteristics,agricultural income and some other *** logit model results show that farmer characteristics mainly determine off-farm work activities while farm(and other)characteristics mostly explain farm *** findings suggest that OGAs primarily exist as livelihood *** diversification is linked with the long-term sustenance of agricultural activities while off-farm work is predominantly driven by economic *** types of OGAs re

关键词： Other gainful activities Off-farm work Farm diversification Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan

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Vascular endothelial growth factor:a double-edged sword in the development of white matter lesions

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 191-192页

作者： Narek Manukjan Daniel Fulton Zubair ahmed WMatthijs Blankesteijn Sébastien Foulquier Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands CARIM-School for Cardiovascular Diseases Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Neuroscience and Ophthalmology Institute of Inflammation and AgeingUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK Centre for Trauma Sciences Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK MHeNs-School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Department of Neurology Maastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtThe Netherlands

As the population ages,the burden of age-related diseases becomes ***,over 55 million people suffer from dementia worldwide,with Alzheimer’s disease being the most common ***,it is becoming clearer that underlying vascular pathology such as cerebral small vessel disease(cSVD)may be a more detrimental cause for dementia(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).It is estimated that 10%-30%of the elderly population and 35%-90%of all dementia patients exhibit signs of *** term cSVD refers to pathology affecting the small vessels of the brain,which can lead to lacunar cerebral infarcts,enlarged perivascular spaces,and cortical hemorrhages(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).CSVD is often associated with cognitive decline,gait problems,and dementia(Cuadrado-Godia et al.,2018).

关键词： pathology becoming white

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Atezolizumab and bevacizumab combination in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients:The imperative for safety assessment studies

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第9期13卷 56-59页

作者： Mina Tharwat ahmed Tawheed Mohamed El-Kassas Department of Tropical Medicine and Gastroenterology Faculty of MedicineAswan UniversityAswan 81528Egypt Department of Endemic Medicine Faculty of MedicineHelwan UniversityCairo 11795Egypt

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most prevalent cancer of the hepatobiliary tract and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality *** and bevacizumab combination is currently considered among the frontline treatment modalities for advanced unresectable *** studies examining this combination were focused on evaluating its *** numerous case reports documenting some side effects,there is a limited number of large-scale studies assessing these side *** this article,we comment on the case report by Park et al published recently,reporting a fatal intra-tumoral hemorrhage in a patient with HCC who received systemic therapy in the form of the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Atezolizumab Bevacizumab Hemorrhage Side effects

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Dynamic Interaction Analysis of Coupled Axial-Torsional-Lateral Mechanical Vibrations in Rotary Drilling Systems

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Structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2025年第1期19卷 77-103页

作者： Sabrina Meddah Sid ahmed Tadjer Abdelhakim Idir Kong Fah Tee Mohamed Zinelabidine Doghmane Madjid Kidouche Applied Automation Laboratory Faculty of Hydrocarbons and ChemistryUniversity of BoumerdesBoumerdes35000Algeria Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering(IGEE) University of BoumerdesBoumerdes35000Algeria Laboratory of the Electrification of Industrial Enterprises University of BoumerdesBoumerdes35000Algeria Electrical Engineering Department Mohamed Boudiaf University of M’silaM’sila28000Algeria Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering King Fahd University of Petroleum&MineralsDhahran31261Saudi Arabia Interdisciplinary Research Center for Construction and Building Materials King Fahd University of Petroleum&Minerals(KFUPM)Dhahran31261Saudi Arabia

Maintaining the integrity and longevity of structures is essential in many industries,such as aerospace,nuclear,and *** achieve the cost-effectiveness of large-scale systems in petroleum drilling,a strong emphasis on structural durability and monitoring is *** study focuses on the mechanical vibrations that occur in rotary drilling systems,which have a substantial impact on the structural integrity of drilling *** study speciﬁcally investigates axial,torsional,and lateral vibrations,which might lead to negative consequences such as bit-bounce,chaotic whirling,and high-frequency *** events not only hinder the efﬁciency of drilling but also lead to exhaustion and harm to the system’s components since they are difﬁcult to be detected and controlled in real *** study investigates the dynamic interactions of these vibrations,speciﬁcally in their high-frequency modes,usingﬁeld data obtained from measurement while ***ﬁndings have demonstrated the effect of strong coupling between the high-frequency modes of these vibrations on drilling sys-tem *** obtained results highlight the importance of considering the interconnected impacts of these vibrations when designing and implementing robust control ***,integrating these compo-nents can increase the durability of drill bits and drill strings,as well as improve the ability to monitor and detect ***,by exploiting theseﬁndings,the assessment of structural resilience in rotary drilling systems can be ***,the study demonstrates the capacity of structural health monitoring to improve the quality,dependability,and efﬁciency of rotary drilling systems in the petroleum industry.

关键词： Rotary drilling systems mechanical vibrations structural durability dynamic interaction analysis ﬁeld data analysis

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Summary of the current guidelines for managing iatrogenic colorectal perforations and the evolving role of endoluminal vacuum therapy

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第6期13卷 1-8页

作者： ahmed Tawheed Ibrahim Halil Bahcecioglu Mehmet Yalniz Mubin Ozercan Ali Cagri Oral Mohamed El-Kassas Department of Endemic Medicine Faculty of MedicineHelwan UniversityCairo 11795Egypt Department of Gastroenterology Firat UniversityElazig 23119Türkiye Liver Disease Research Center College of MedicineKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 7805Saudi Arabia

Colonoscopy represents a safe procedure that is widely used in medical practice either to diagnose or treat various gastrointestinal *** the last few years,the incidence rate of perforations in colonoscopic procedures has increased,especially in therapeutic *** recent advancements in endoscopic techniques and gastrointestinal tumoral resection procedures such as endoscopic mucosal resection,endoscopic full-thickness resection,and endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)could be a risk factor for this increased *** incidence rate of mortality of serious colonoscopic perforations is 7.1%.The management plan for these perforations starts with conservative treatment in mild cases,endoscopic closure,and surgical management in severe ***,endoluminal vacuum therapy was found to be effective in the management of colorectal perforations and this has been reported in multiple case *** editorial provides an overview of the current guidelines for the management of iatrogenic colorectal *** insights are from the perspectives of endoscopists and *** also present a management algorithm based on the guidelines of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy,the American Gastroenterological Association,and the World Society of Emergency *** also discussed in brief the use of endoluminal vacuum therapy in colorectal perforations.

关键词： Colon Rectum Iatrogenic colonic perforation Colonoscopy Guidelines Endovacuum Endolumical vacuum therapy Endoscopic management

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Gut virome:New key players in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Methodology 2025年第2期15卷 27-43页

作者： Helal F Hetta Rehab ahmed Yasmin N Ramadan Hayam Fathy Mohammed Khorshid Mohamed M Mabrouk Mai Hashem Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of MedicineAssiut UniversityAssiut 71515Egypt Division of Microbiology Immunology and BiotechnologyFaculty of pharmacyUniversity of TabukTabuk 71491Saudi Arabia Division of Microbiology Immunology and BiotechnologyDepartment of Natural Products and Alternative MedicineFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of TabukTabuk 71491Saudi Arabia Department of Internal Medicine Division HepatogastroenterologyAssiut UniversityAssiut 71515Egypt Department of Clinical Research Egyptian Developers of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy FoundationCairo 11936Egypt Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine.Tanta UniversityTanta 31527Egypt Department of Tropical Medicine Gastroenterology and HepatologyAssiut University HospitalAssiut 71515Egypt

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic inflammatory illness of the *** the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of IBD is not fully under-stood,it is believed that a complex combination of host immunological response,environmental exposure,particularly the gut microbiota,and genetic suscept-ibility represents the major *** gut virome is a group of viruses found in great frequency in the gastrointestinal tract of *** gut virome varies greatly among individuals and is influenced by factors including lifestyle,diet,health and disease conditions,geography,and *** majority of research has focused on the significance of gut bacteria in the progression of IBD,although viral populations represent an important component of the *** conducted this review to highlight the viral communities in the gut and their expected roles in the etiopathogenesis of IBD regarding published research to date.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Pathogenesis Gut virome Bacteriophage Eukaryotic viruses

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Influence of biomass density and food to microorganisms ratio on the mixed culture type I methanotrophs enriched from activated sludge

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第8期30卷 87-96页

作者： ahmed AlSayed ahmed Fergala ahmed Eldyasti Department of Civil Engineering Lassonde School of Engineering York University

Methanotrophic based process can be the remedy to offset the wastewater treatment facilities increasing energy requirements due to methanotroph＇s unique ability to integrate methane assimilation with multiple biotechnological applications like biological nitrogen removal and methanol production. Regardless of the methanotrophic process end product, the challenge to maintain stable microbial growth in the methanotrophs cultivation bioreactor at higher cell densities is one of the major obstacles facing the process upscaling. Therefore, a series of consecutive batch tests were performed to attentively investigate the biomass density influence on type I methanotrophs bacterial growth. In addition, food to microorganisms（F/M）, carbon to nitrogen（C/N） and nitrogen to microorganisms（N/M） ratio effect on the microbial activity was studied for the first time. It was clarified that the F/M ratio is the most influencing factor on the microbial growth at higher biomass densities rather than the biomass density increase, whereas C/N and N/M ratio change, while using nitrate as the nitrogen source,does not influence methanotrophs microbial growth. These study results would facilitate the scaling up of methanotrophic based biotechnology by identifying that F/M ratio as the key parameter that influences methanotrophs cultivation at high biomass densities.

关键词： Methanotrophs Wastewater treatment Food to microorganisms ratio Biomass density

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On Learning Adaptive Service Compositions

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2021年第4期30卷 465-481页

作者： ahmed Moustafa Department of Computer Science Nagoya Institute of TechnologyGokiso-choShowa-kuNagoyaAichi466-8555Japan Faculty of Informatics Zagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt

Service composition is an important and effective technique that enables atomic services to be combined together to forma more powerful service,i.e.,a composite *** the pervasiveness of the Internet and the proliferation of interconnected computing devices,it is essential that service composition embraces an adaptive service provisioning *** learning has emerged as a powerful tool to compose and adapt Web services in open and dynamic ***,the most common applications of reinforcement learning algorithms are relatively inefficient in their use of the interaction experience data,whichmay affect the stability of the learning process when deployed to cloud *** particular,they make just one learning update for each interaction *** paper introduces a novel approach that aims to achieve greater data efficiency by saving the experience data and using it in aggregate to make updates to the learned *** proposed approach devises an offline learning scheme for cloud service composition where the online learning task is transformed into a series of supervised learning tasks.A set of algorithms is proposed under this scheme in order to facilitate and empower efficient service composition in the cloud under various policies and different *** results of our experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for composing and adapting cloud services,especially under dynamic environment settings,compared to their online learning counterparts.

关键词： Service composition reinforcement learning cloud services offline learning

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CTAB-assisted fabrication of hierarchical flower-like magnesium oxide adsorbent for enhanced removal performance towards phosphate

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第9期11卷 3231-3240页

作者： Saeed ahmed State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering College of ChemistryBeijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijing 100029China Department of Chemistry The University of LahoreLahore 54590Pakistan Department of Chemistry University of ChakwalPakistan

In this work, a series of hierarchical flower-like magnesium oxide(MgO) adsorbents were successfully fabricated in a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) assisted solvothermal route using hexamethylenetetramine(HMTA) as a precipitating agent. Effects of CTAB feeding amount on the structure, morphology, pore structure, and corresponding adsorption behavior were investigated. The hierarchical gardenias flower-like MgO demonstrated a surface area of 336.54 m^(2)·g^(-1) at a minimum ratio of the CTAB/Mg^(2+)was 0.02 in the reaction system. The hierarchical MgO phosphate removal capacity was 348.32 mg·g^(-1), which followed the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich isotherm model obtained from the large surface area and appropriate pore size. The value of n also suggests the feasible nature of phosphate adsorption under the examined conditions. Indeed, this CTAB assisted solvothermal method can provide a new understanding to tune the desired properties of a material by merely adjusting the reaction parameters of MgO.

关键词： Adsorption CTAB-assisted Magnesium oxide Phosphate removal Solvothermal

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Magnetoresistive properties of Ni-doped La_(0.7)Sr_(0.3)MnO_3 manganites

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Rare Metals 2016年第7期35卷 551-558页

作者： ahmed Mohamed ahmed Abd El-Moez ahmed Mohamed Medhat Abdelrady Abdellateef Hassan ahmed Abd El-Ghanny Physics Department Faculty of ScienceSohag University

Lao.7Sr0.3Mnl_xNixO3 （x = 0, 0.025, 0.050 and 0.075） ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. The partial substitution of Mn by Ni2＋ leads to a decrease in cell volume as well as a structural transition from the rhombohedral to the orthorhombic structure. Ni2＋ doping increases the electrical resistivity, decreases the semiconductor-metal transition temperature （Tms） and relatively enhances the room temperature magnetoresistance （MR）, especially in x = 0.025 and around Tins. With respect to conduction mechanism, the small polaron hopping （SPH） and the variable range hopping （VRH） models were used to ex- amine conduction in the semiconducting region.

关键词： Manganites X-ray diffraction Structure Electrical resistivity Magnetoresistance

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