Status and determinants of other gainful activities by farmers in mountainous rural regions of Gilgit-Baltistan,Pakistan

作     者：SHAHZAD Muhammad Abid AHMED Vaqar FISCHER Christian SHAHZAD Muhammad Abid;AHMED Vaqar;FISCHER Christian

作者机构：Faculty of Science and TechnologyFree University of Bozen-BolzanoBolzano 39100Italy Sustainable Development Policy InstituteIslamabad 44000Pakistan 

出 版 物：《Journal of Mountain Science》 (山地科学学报（英文）)

年 卷 期：2021年第18卷第10期

页      面：2520-2539页

核心收录：

学科分类：120301[管理学-农业经济管理] 12[管理学] 1203[管理学-农林经济管理] 

基　　金：funded by the scholarship offered by the Free University of BozenBolzano 

主　　题：Other gainful activities Off-farm work Farm diversification Gilgit-Baltistan Pakistan 

摘      要：Non-farm income sources are important for livelihood sustenance,especially in the mountainous regions of developing *** implement effective policies to improve economic development,policymakers need insights at the grassroots ***,there is a lack of empirical evidence in the context of *** study examines the current situation and the factors influencing the decision by farmers to engage in other gainful activities(OGAs)such as farm diversification and off-farm work in the northern mountainous regions of *** study is based on quantitative survey data obtained from 459 farm managers and qualitative data from 24 key informants from five different districts in *** a logistic regression model,a statistical analysis is conducted on farmer and farm characteristics to investigate the probability of farm managers to engage in *** survey results show that around 71%of farm managers are engaged in OGAs(with 24%in farm diversification,61%in offfarm work and 15%in both).The share of female farm managers is 51%in farm diversification while male farm managers dominate off-farm activities(69%).The most prevalent types of farm diversification are the processing of farm products and tourism-related farm work,while the main off-farm activities are setting up grocery stores outside the farm,having salaried jobs or engaging in other non-agricultural *** are significant differences between farmers with and without OGAs particularly regarding farmer characteristics,agricultural income and some other *** logit model results show that farmer characteristics mainly determine off-farm work activities while farm(and other)characteristics mostly explain farm *** findings suggest that OGAs primarily exist as livelihood *** diversification is linked with the long-term sustenance of agricultural activities while off-farm work is predominantly driven by economic *** types of OGAs re