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Comparison of emergency surgical cricothyroidotomy and percutaneous cricothyroidotomy by experienced airway providers in an obese,in vivo porcine hemorrhage airway model

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军事医学研究:英文版 2023年第4期10卷 421-430页

作者： Tomas Karlsson Andreas brännström Mikael Gellerfors Jenny Gustavsson Mattias Günther Department of Clinical Science and Education Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive CareKarolinska Institutet11883 StockholmSweden Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet17177 StockholmSweden Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Section of Anesthesiology and Intensive CareKarolinska Institutet11883 StockholmSweden Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital17177 StockholmSweden Swedish Air Ambulance(SLA) 79291 MoraSweden Rapid Response Cars 18233 StockholmSweden.

Background: Emergency front-of-neck airway(eFONA) is a life-saving procedure in “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate”(CICO). The fastest and most reliable method of eFONA has not been determined. We compared two of the most advocated approaches: surgical cricothyroidotomy and percutaneous cricothyroidotomy, in an obese, in vivo porcine hemorrhage model, designed to introduce real-time physiological feedback, relevant and high provider stress. The primary aim was to determine the fastest method to secure airway. Secondary aims were arterial saturation and partial pressure of oxygen, proxy survival and influence of ***: Twelve pigs [(60.3±4.1) kg] were anesthetized and exposed to 25%–35% total blood volume hemorrhage before extubation and randomization to Seldinger technique “percutaneous cricothyroidotomy”(n=6) or scalpelbougie-tube technique “surgical cricothyroidotomy”(n=6). Specialists in anesthesia and intensive care in a tertiary referral hospital performed the eFONA, simulating an actual ***: In surgical cricothyroidotomy vs. percutaneous cricothyroidotomy, the median(interquartile range, IQR) times to secure airway were 109(IQR 71–130) s and 298(IQR 128–360) s(P=0.0152), arterial blood saturation(SaO2) were 74.7(IQR 46.6–84.2)% and 7.9(IQR 4.1–15.6)%(P=0.0167), PaO_(2) were 7.0(IQR 4.7–7.7) kPa and 2.0(IQR 1.1–2.9) kPa(P=0.0667), and times of cardiac arrest(proxy survival) were 137–233 s, 190(IQR 143–229) s, from CICO. All six animals survived surgical cricothyroidotomy, and two of six(33%) animals survived percutaneous cricothyroidotomy. Years in anesthesia, 13.5(IQR 7.5–21.3), did not influence time to secure ***: eFONA by surgical cricothyroidotomy was faster and had increased oxygenation and survival, when performed under stress by board certified anesthesiologists, and may be an indication of preferred method in situations with hemorrhage and CICO, in obese patients.

关键词： Emergency front-of-neck airway “Cannot intubate cannot oxygenate”(CICO) Surgical cricothyroidotomy,Percutaneous cricothyroidotomy Porcine model

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Trade-offs between ecosystem service provision and the predisposition to disturbances: a NFI-based scenario analysis

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Forest Ecosystems 2020年第3期7卷 349-365页

作者： Christian Temperli Clemens Blattert Golo Stadelmann Urs-Beat brändli Esther Thürig Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL8903BirmensdorfSwitzerland University of Jyväskylä FI-40014JyväskyläFinland

Background: Scenario analyses that evaluate management effects on the long-term provision and sustainability of forest ecosystem services and biodiversity(ESB) also need to account for disturbances. The objectives of this study were to reveal potential trade-offs and synergies between ESB provision and disturbance predisposition at the scale of a whole ***: The empirical scenario model MASSIMO was used to simulate forest development and management from years 2016 to 2106 on 5086 sample plots of the Swiss National Forest Inventory(NFI). We included a businessas-usual(BAU) scenario and four scenarios of increased timber harvesting. Model output was evaluated with indicators for 1) ESB provision including a) timber production, b) old-growth forest characteristics as biodiversity proxies and c) protection against rockfall and avalanches and 2) for a) storm and b) bark beetle ***: The predisposition indicators corresponded well(AUC: 0.71–0.86) to storm and insect(mostly bark beetle)damage observations in logistic regression models. Increased timber production was generally accompanied with decreased predisposition(storm: >-11%, beetle: >-37%, depending on region and scenario), except for a scenario that promoted conifers where beetle predisposition increased(e.g. + 61% in the Southern Alps). Decreased disturbance predisposition and decreases in old-growth forest indicators in scenarios of increased timber production revealed a trade-off situation. In contrast, growing stock increased under BAU management along with a reduction in conifer proportions, resulting in a reduction of beetle predisposition that in turn was accompanied by increasing old-growth forest indicators. Disturbance predisposition was elevated in NFI plots with high avalanche and rockfall protection ***: By evaluating ESB and disturbance predisposition based on single-tree data at a national scale we bridged a gap between detailed, stand-scale assessments and

关键词： Disturbance Ecosystem services Empirical model Forest inventory Scenario analysis

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Amorphous Polylactide Bead Foam–Effect of Talc and Chain Extension on Foaming Behavior and Compression Properties

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第11期9卷 1859-1868页

作者： Christian brütting Julia Dreier Christian Bonten Volker Altstädt Holger Ruckdäschel Department of Polymer Engineering University BayreuthBayreuth95447Germany Institut für Kunststofftechnik University of StuttgartStuttgart70569Germany

Polylactide(PLA)bead foams show a high potential regarding their applicability in packaging or consumer *** the comparable properties of PLA to Polystyrene(PS)and the good CO_(2) footprint it represents a potential alternative to petroleum-based polymer ***,foaming of PLA is challenging,due to its low melt strength,therefore chemical modifiers are often *** the bead foam technology regarding PLA,the available literature is limited so *** this study,the bead foaming behavior of neat and modified amorphous PLA was *** material was modified by talc and an epoxy-based chain *** compounds have been investigated regarding their sorption behavior in CO_(2) atmosphere and their foaming *** was conducted by using the batch foaming method based on a rapid temperature increase after saturation with CO_(2).In order to achieve welded bead foams,a one-step processing for foaming and welding has been ***,the compression properties of the PLA bead foams have been *** below 50 kg/m^(3) for single bead foams and 80 kg/m^(3) for molded foams were achieved,respectively.

关键词： Polylactide biofoam bead foam CO_(2) low density

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Upper gastrointestinal sensory-motor dysfunction in diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第18期12卷 2846-2857页

作者： Jingbo Zhao Jens brφndum Frφkjaer Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes Niels Ejskjaer Center of Excellence in Visceral Biomechanics and Pain Aalborg Hospital Sφndre Skovvej 15 DK-9000 Aalborg Denmark & Center for Sensory-Motor Interactions Department of Health Science Aalborg University Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 D-3 DK-9220 Aalborg Denmark Department of Medicine M (Diabetes & Endocrinology) Aarhus University Hospital Norrebrogade 44 DK 8000 Aarhus C Denmark

Gastrointestinal （GI） sensory-motor abnormalities are common in patients with diabetes mellitus and may involve any part of the GI tract. Abnormalities are frequently sub-clinical, and fortunately only rarely do severe and life-threatening problems occur. The pathogenesis of abnormal upper GI sensory-motor function in diabetes is incompletely understood and is most likely multi-factorial of origin. Diabetic autonomic neuropathy as well as acute suboptimal control of diabetes has been shown to impair GI motor and sensory function. Morphological and biomechanical remodeling of the GI wall develops during the duration of diabetes, and may contribute to motor and sensory dysfunction. In this review sensory and motility disorders of the upper GI tract in diabetes is discussed; and the morphological changes and biomechanical remodeling related to the sensory-motor dysfunction is also addressed.

关键词： Diabetes Esophagus Stomach Intestine Motility Pain Diabetic neuropathy Hyperglycemia Remodeling

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Necrotizing enterocolitis: A multifactorial disease with no cure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第14期14卷 2142-2161页

作者： Kareena L Schnabl John E Van Aerde Alan br Thomson Michael T Clandinin Nutrition and Metabolism Research Groups Department of Medicine University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2P5 Canada Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2P5 Canada Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2P5 Canada Alberta Institute for Human Nutrition University of Alberta Edmonton T6G 2P5 Canada

Necrotizing enterocolitis is an inflammatory bowel disease of neonates with significant morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Due to the multifactorial nature o the disease and limitations in disease models, early diagnosis remains challenging and the pathogenesis elusive. Although preterm birth, hypoxic-ischemic events formula feeding, and abnormal bacteria colonization are established risk factors, the role of genetics and vasoactive/inflammatory mediators is unclear Consequently, treatments do not target the specific underlying disease processes and are symptomatic and surgically invasive. breast-feeding is the most effective preventative measure. Recent advances in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis have focused on bioactive nutrients and trophic factors in human milk. Developmen of new disease models including the aspect of prematurity that consistently predisposes neonates to the disease with multiple risk factors will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and lead to discovery of innovative therapeutics.

关键词： Necrotizing enterocolitis Diagnosis Pathogenesis Prevention Disease models Vasoactive/ inflammatory mediators

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Multidimensional separation due to selective spherical agglomeration—Evidence of shape separation via X-ray microtomography

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Particuology 2021年第5期19卷 316-323页

作者： Julia Schreier Ulrich brockel University of Applied Sciences Trier Institute for Micro-Process-Engineering and Particle Technology(IMiP)Umwelt-Campus BirkenfeldP.O.Box 1380D-55761 BirkenfeldGermany

Objective of this work was to develop a novel method for characterizing real 3D shapes of particles smaller than 20μm by X-ray microtomography(X-RMT).Multidimensional separation of heterogenous solids through agglomeration in suspension will improve recycling processes as the particle shape and the agglomerate size are used for shape-selective *** the present paper we discuss the fundamentals of X-ray tomography and the experimental setup for selective spherical agglomeration in suspension.A specific preparation method of the particulate sample for X-RMT followed by 3D image processing,are essential for the shape analysis expressed as *** also discuss the limitation of this method due to the so-called Partial Volume Effect and particle clusters in the order of magnitude of X-RMT *** proof of concept,we used a mixture of graphite platelets and spheronized graphite particles for a shape selective-agglomeration in *** remaining fines were analyzed and showed more platelets than in the *** indicates that spheronized particles are preferably bound in the *** findings show that,based on the discussed sample preparation and a 3D image analysis in connection with X-RMT,particle shapes of micronized particles can be discriminated.

关键词： Multidimensional separation X-ray microtomography Selective agglomeration Particle shape Graphite

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Recent advances in celiac disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第18期17卷 2259-2272页

作者： Hugh James Freeman Angeli Chopra Michael Tom Clandinin Alan br Thomson Division of Gastroenterology University of British Columbia Division of General Internal Medicine University of Alberta Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science University of Alberta

Celiac disease now affects about one person in a hundred in Europe and North America. In this review, we consider a number of important and exciting recent developments, such as clinical associations, HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 predispositions, the concept of potential celiac disease, the use of new imaging/endoscopy techniques, and the development of refractory disease. This review will be of use to all internists, pediatricians and gastroenterologists.

关键词： Inflammation Infection Malabsorption Pathophysiology Physiology

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Wound healing activity of aqueous extract of Crotalaria verrucosa in Wistar albino rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第10期3卷 783-787页

作者： Meena Kumari Eesha br Mohanbabu Amberkar Sarath babu Rajshekar Neelesh Kumar Department of Pharmacology Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal University

Objective:To evaluate the wound healing effect of aqueous extract of Crotalaria verrucosa(C. verrucosa) in ***:Three wound models including incision,excision and dead space wounds were used in this *** parameters studied were breaking strength in incision models,granulation tissue dry weight,breaking strength and hydroxyproline content in dead space wounds,percentage of wound contraction and period of epithelialization in excision wound ***:Two doses of the extract with and without dexamethasone showed significant increases in mean hydroxyproline,total protein content and dry weight of granulation tissue but it was higher with dose 800 mg/kg comparing with the *** dexamethasone treated group showed a significant(Pbreaking strength when compared to control group in incision type of wound *** of *** with dexamethasone significantly(Pbreaking strength compared to the dexamethasone treated only *** excision wound model,the percentage of the wound contraction was significantly(Pbreaking strength,and granulation tissue dry weight *** C. verrucosa could be a good wound healing agent.

关键词： Crotalaria verrucosa Incision wound Excision wound Deadspace wound Wound breaking strength

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Characterization of intrinsic hole transport in single-crystal spiro-OMeTAD

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npj Flexible Electronics 2017年第1期1卷 8-15页

作者： Yuan Li Haoyuan Li Cheng Zhong Gjergji Sini Jean-Luc brédas KAUST Solar Center Physical Science and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Polymères et des Interfaces Universitéde Cergy-Pontoise5 Mail Gay LussacNeuville sur OiseCergy-Pontoise Cedex 95031France

Spiro-OMeTAD remains a prominent hole-transport material in perovskite and solid-state dye-sensitized solar ***,an understanding of its intrinsic hole-transport properties is still ***,hole transport in spiro-OMeTAD is systematically characterized on the basis of the recently reported X-ray single-crystal *** approach combining density functional theory calculations,tight-binding modeling,and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations are exploited to describe the key parameters governing hole transport and to investigate the transport mechanism and hole mobilities in the spiro-OMeTAD single *** results provide insight into:(i)why an anisotropic hole-transport mechanism,with an upper range of intrinsic hole mobilities on the order of~10^(−3)cm^(2)/Vs,can be expected in the single crystal;and(ii)how detrimental factors,related to the presence of the spiro motif and of the 4,4′-dimethoxydiphenylamine substituents,limit the intrinsic hole mobilities of the system.

关键词： intrinsic crystal spiro

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Bioactive potential of the wild edible mushroom Ramaria versatilis

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Studies in Fungi 2020年第1期5卷 73-83页

作者： Dattaraj HR Sridhar KR Jagadish br Pavithra M Department of Biosciences Mangalore UniversityMangalagangotriMangaloreKarnatakaIndia Centre for Environmental Studies Yenepoya(deemed to be)UniversityMangaloreKarnatakaIndia

The scrub jungles of the southwestern India support different mushrooms of economic *** coral mushrooms belong to the genus Ramaria distributed worldwide and many species are edible,medicinal and *** versatilis occurring in scrub jungles were analyzed for biochemical profile and antioxidant *** tests of uncooked samples showed presence of saponins,flavonoids,alkaloids,terpenoids and coumarins,whereas the cooked samples possess saponins,alkaloids,terpenoids,cardiac glycosides and *** assessment revealed significantly higher quantities of total phenolics as well as vitamin C in uncooked than cooked *** total antioxidant activity,ferrous ion-chelation capacity and DPPH radical-scavenging activity were also significantly high in uncooked ***,substrates,mycorrhizal association and edibility of different Ramaria occurring in the Western Ghats region have been reviewed with comparison of nutritional and antioxidant potential of *** with other Ramaria spp.

关键词： Antioxidant activities bioactive compounds ectomycorrhizae−scrub jungles

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