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Hidden Hearing Loss: Causes, Current Knowledge, and Future Directions

International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2023年第3期12卷 107-123页

作者： alexandra Jalkh Department of Otolaryngology Eye and Ear Hospital Naccach-Dbayeh Lebanon Department of Audiology Escula de Formacio Superior SAERA Castellon de la Plana Spain

Introduction: Hidden hearing loss (HHL) is a type of auditory disorder that affects the auditory neural processing and hearing sensitivity in subjects with normal hearing thresholds. Unlike central auditory processing disorders, HHL happens when the cochlea (the peripheral auditory organ) is affected. There are several known risk factors to HHL which includes noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, and peripheral neuropathies, and age. Recent studies have shed light on this type of hearing loss, its etiology, prevalence, and how it can affect the auditory acuity in humans. Methods: This paper covers the current research regarding HHL, its causes, the different mechanisms involved in this disorder, and the diagnosis and potential treatments related to it. We will delve deeply into different researches concerning HHL. 4 articles from 285 were selected focusing on normal hearing individuals with bad speech intelligibility were discussed in this paper. In addition, articles discussing the effects of noise exposure on hearing impaired individuals were not considered as this study solely aims to focus on normal hearing sensitivity individuals with HHL, resulting in 4 articles from 285. Results: Numerous literatures over the decades have suggested that HHL is due to the degeneration of cochlear ribbon synapses, or hair cells synapses without hair cell damage. Their association with HHL was noted several times through this study, whether we were studying the effect of noise exposure, of age, or of ototoxicity. In all cases, no significant hair cell damage was observed, and normal thresholds were recovered. However, a decline in the amplitude of Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) peak I from auditory nerve (AN) responses in noise exposed subjects and a decline in compound action potential (CAP) was measured when certain drugs were applied to the round window of Guinea pigs. Conclusion: Most studies, have proven that cochlear synaptophysin is the major contributor to noise induced, ag

关键词： Hidden Hearing Loss Speech Testing Speech Intelligibility Noise Induced Hearing Loss Ototoxicity Schwan’s Cells Ablation

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Effect of dietary magnolia bark extract supplementation in finishing pigs on the oxidative stability of meat

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2023年第1期14卷 200-211页

作者： Ruggero Menci Hajer Khelil‑Arfa.alexandra Blanchard Luisa Biondi Marco Bella Alessandro Priolo Giuseppe Luciano Antonio Natalello Dipartimento Di Agricoltura Alimentazione e Ambiente(Di3A)University of CataniaVia Valdisavoia 595123 CataniaItaly. Pancosma ADM A One Business Center1180 RolleSwitzerland.

Background:Magnolia bark extract(MBE)is a natural supplement with antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and antimicrobial *** properties suggest that the dietary supplementation in livestock could improve the quality of ***,the aim of this study was to investigate,for the first time,the effect of dietary MBE supplementation(0.33 mg/kg)in finishing pigs on the oxidative stability of *** stability is of paramount importance for pork,as it affects storage,retail,and consumer *** the purpose,the fatty acid profile,cholesterol,fatsoluble vitamins,antioxidant enzymes(catalase,glutathione peroxidase,and superoxide dismutase),non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity(TEAC,FRAP,and Folin-Ciocalteu assays),color stability,and lipid stability of pork were ***:Concerning carcass characteristics,dietary MBE did not affect cold carcass yield,but reduced(P=0.040)the chilling weight *** meat from pigs fed MBE had a lower(P=0.031)lightness index than the control *** effect on intramuscular fat,cholesterol,and fatty acid profile was *** MBE did not affect the content of vitamin E(α-tocopherol andγ-tocopherol)in pork,whereas it reduced(P=0.021)the retinol *** catalase activity was 18%higher(P=0.008)in the meat from pigs fed MBE compared with the control *** MBE supplementation reduced(P=0.039)by 30%the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)in raw pork over 6 d of aerobic refrigerated ***,no effect on lipid oxidation was observed in cooked ***,the meat from pigs fed MBE reduced Fe3+-ascorbate catalyzed lipid oxidation in muscle homogenates,with a lower(P=0.034)TBARS value than the control group after 60 min of ***:Dietary MBE supplementation in finishing pigs delayed the lipid oxidation in raw *** effect was combined with an increased catalase *** results suggest that dietary MBE could have implications for improving the shelf-life of pork

关键词： Antioxidant capacity Antioxidant enzyme Color Fatty acid Lipid oxidation Plant extract Pork Shelf-life TBARS Vitamin

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New insights into inflammatory osteoclast precursors as therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis

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Bone Research 2023年第2期11卷 303-315页

作者： Emilie Hascoet Frédéric Blanchard Claudine Blin-Wakkach Jérôme Guicheux Philippe Lesclous alexandra Cloitre Nantes Université OnirisUniv AngersCHU NantesINSERMRegenerative Medicine and SkeletonRMeSUMR1229F-44000 NantesFrance UniversitéCote d'Azur CNRSLP2M NiceFrance

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases leading to increased bone *** this inflammatory bone resorption is a major health *** diseases share immunopathogenic similarities and a common inflammatory *** autoimmune response or periodontal infection stimulates certain immune actors,leading in both cases to chronic inflammation that perpetuates bone ***,RA and periodontitis have a strong epidemiological association that could be explained by periodontal microbial *** dysbiosis is believed to be involved in the initiation of RA via three mechanisms.(i)The dissemination of periodontal pathogens triggers systemic inflammation.(ii)Periodontal pathogens can induce the generation of citrullinated neoepitopes,leading to the generation of anti-citrullinated peptide autoantibodies.(iii)Intracellular danger-associated molecular patterns accelerate local and systemic ***,periodontal dysbiosis could promote or sustain bone resorption in distant inflamed ***,in inflammatory conditions,the existence of osteoclasts distinct from“classical osteoclasts”has recently been *** have proinflammatory origins and *** populations of osteoclast precursors have been described in RA,such as classical monocytes,a dendritic cell subtype,and arthritis-associated osteoclastogenic *** aim of this review is to synthesize knowledge on osteoclasts and their precursors in inflammatory conditions,especially in RA and *** attention will be given to recent data related to RA that could be of potential value in periodontitis due to the immunopathogenic similarities between the two *** our understanding of these pathogenic mechanisms should lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets involved in the pathological inflammatory bone resorption associated with these diseases.

关键词： inflammatory osteoclast period

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The structure of colloidal polyethylenimine-silica nanocomposite microparticles

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Particuology 2023年第5期76卷 86-100页

作者： alexandra Semenova Luke W.Giles Mark Louis P.Vidallon Bart Follink Paul L.Brown Rico F.Tabor School of Chemistry Monash University19 Rainforest Walk.Clayton3800Australia Rio Tinto Bundoora Technical Development Centre1 Research AvenueBundoora3083Australia

Deposition of silica from an organosilane tetraethoxysilane(TEOS)onto parent polyethylenimine(PEI)microgel particles produces a novel PEI-silica nanocomposite,which possesses greater adsorption ca-pacity for copper ions than either parent *** study explores factors governing interactions of silica with the PEI matrix,along with structural features of resulting PEI-silica composite particles,to explain their properties and determine their application *** influence of initial TEOS/PEI mass ratio and the duration of silica deposition on the final silica content and distribution in the composite are studied.A comparative analysis of the structural architecture of chemically etched silica remnants,original PEI-silica composite particles and the parent PEI-microgel is carried out using X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy,small-angle X-ray scattering,and electron microscopy *** is found that silica sol nanoparticles are evenly distributed throughout the PEI-microgel framework and interlinked with it via electrostatic interactions,enabling a structural model of the PEI-silica nanocomposite to be *** chemical stability of resulting nanocomposite particles in parallel with the parent PEI-microgel is tested and shown to be robust for more than 100 days of storage in aqueous dispersions across a range of pH conditions,highlighting the application potential for these particles in copper capture.

关键词： Polyethylenimine Silica Organic-inorganic composite Nano-scale morphology Small angle X-ray scattering

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Efficiency of DNA barcodes for species delimitation:A case in Pterygiella Oliv.(Orobanchaceae)

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2011年第3期49卷 189-202页

作者： alexandra H.WORTLEY Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh

DNA barcoding is becoming an increasingly popular means to identify *** obscure discrimination in the genus Pterygiella calls into question the re-assessment of the criterion for species *** collected 20 individuals,representing all five described species of this genus in its distributional *** aim was to use three proposed barcode DNA regions(rbcL,matK,and ITS) to diagnose Pterygiella species,and examine which barcode is more suitable for discerning the congeneric and related *** results showed that the core barcodes matK and rbcL were comparatively less ***,the ITS region,especially ITS-1 and ITS-2,successfully identified all species in the ***,the secondary structure of ITS-2 RNA,especially compensatory base changes,appears complementary to classical primary sequence analysis for DNA barcoding.

关键词： compensatory base changes(CBCs) DNA barcode ITS-2 non-monophyletic species Pterygiella Oliv. secondary structure.

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Potential of a mixture of eugenol and garlic tincture to improve performance and intestinal health in broilers under necrotic enteritis challenge

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第1期8卷 26-37页

作者： Alip Kumar Nishchal K.Sharma Sarbast K.Kheravii Chake Keerqin Catherine Ionescu alexandra Blanchard Shu-Biao Wu School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia ADMi Pancosma SA A-One Business CenterLa piece 3CH-1180RolleSwitzerland

Plant extracts(PE)are gaining increased attention as potential alternatives to in-feed antimicrobials(AM)due to their known antimicrobial *** study was conducted to examine the potential of PE,a microencapsulated product composed of eugenol and garlic tincture as an alternative to AM-agent on performance and intestinal health in broilers under necrotic enteritis(NE)challenge.A total of 960 dayold mixed-sex Cobb 500 chicks were randomly distributed to 48-floor pens with 6 treatments replicated 8 times with 20 birds *** 6 treatments were as follows:UC,unchallenged control;CC,challenged control;PE,challenged group plus PE;AM,challenged group plus AM;FAP,challenged group plus a full dose of AM with PE;HAP,challenged group plus a half dose of AM with PE in starter,grower and finisher *** in the challenged groups were inoculated with Eimeria *** d 9 and Clostridium perfringens on d *** body weight gain(BWG),feed intake(FI),feed conversion ratio(FCR),and livability of birds were compromised,and intestinal lesions and mortality were increased(P<0.05)by NE challenge,illustrating a successful clinical NE *** fed AM had higher BWG and FI,and lower FCR,mortality,and intestinal lesions compared to the CC group(P<0.05).Birds fed PE had improved FCR(P<0.05)and livability(5.8%)in an overall period compared to the CC *** d 16,PE supplementation reduced ileal lesion scores in only male birds(P<0.05).Birds fed PE had decreased Eimeria maxima and Eimeria acervulina oocyst counts in caecal content(P<0.05).Birds fed PE had decreased Eimeria brunetti and total oocyst counts in caecal content,and *** oocyst counts in ileal content in only female birds(P<0.05).On d 35,PE supplementation reduced variation of BW in both male and female birds and increased yellowness(b*value,14.4%)in the *** findings suggest the potential of PE supplementation in diets to improve the performance and intestinal health of birds under clinical NE a

关键词： Plant extract Performance Alternative to antimicrobials Clinical necrotic enteritis Broiler chicken

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Oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium degeneration:from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets in dry age-related macular degeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第10期18卷 2173-2181页

作者： Meenakshi Maurya Kiran Bora.alexandra K.Blomfield Madeline C.Pavlovich Shuo Huang Chi-Hsiu Liu Jing Chen Department of Ophthalmology Boston Children’s HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA

Age-related macular degeneration is a primary cause of blindness in the older adult population. Past decades of research in the pathophysiology of the disease have resulted in breakthroughs in the form of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies against neovascular age-related macular degeneration;however, effective treatment is not yet available for geographical atrophy in dry agerelated macular degeneration or for preventing the progression from early or mid to the late stage of age-related macular degeneration. Both clinical and experimental investigations involving human agerelated macular degeneration retinas and animal models point towards the atrophic alterations in retinal pigment epithelium as a key feature in age-related macular degeneration progression. Retinal pigment epithelium cells are primarily responsible for cellular-structural maintenance and nutrition supply to keep photoreceptors healthy and functional. The retinal pigment epithelium constantly endures a highly oxidative environment that is balanced with a cascade of antioxidant enzyme systems regulated by nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 as a main redox sensing transcription factor. Aging and accumulated oxidative stress triggers retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and eventually death. Exposure to both environmental and genetic factors aggravates oxidative stress damage in aging retinal pigment epithelium and accelerates retinal pigment epithelium degeneration in age-related macular degeneration pathophysiology. The present review summarizes the role of oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium degeneration, with potential impacts from both genetic and environmental factors in age-related macular degeneration development and progression. Potential strategies to counter retinal pigment epithelium damage and protect the retinal pigment epithelium through enhancing its antioxidant capacity are also discussed, focusing on existing antioxidant nutritional supplementation

关键词： age-related macular degeneration antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 oxidative stress retinal pigment epithelium REV-ERBα

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Large area van der Waals epitaxy of II-VI CdSe thin films for flexible optoelectronics and full-color imaging

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Nano Research 2022年第1期15卷 368-376页

作者： Wenwu Pan Junliang Liu Zekai Zhang Renjie Gu alexandra Suvorova Sarah Gain Han Wang Ziyuan Li Lan Fu Lorenzo Faraone Wen Lei Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer EngineeringThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley 6009Australia Centre for Microscopy Characterisation and AnalysisThe University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayPerth 6009Australia Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of PhysicsThe Australian National UniversityCanberra ACT 2601Australia

The demand for future semiconductor devices with enhanced performance and lower cost has driven the development of epitaxial growth of high quality,free-standing semiconductor thin film materials without the requirement of lattice matching to the substrate,as well as their transfer to other substrates and associated device processing *** work presents a study on the van der Waals epitaxy based molecular beam epitaxy of CdSe thin films on two-dimensional layered mica substrates,as well as related etch-free layer transfer technology of large area,free-standing layers and their application in flexible photodetectors for full-color *** photoconductor detectors based on these flexible CdSe thin films demonstrate excellent device performance at room temperature in terms of responsivity(0.2 A·W^(-1))and detectivity(1.5×10^(12)Jones),leading to excellent full-color imaging quality in the visible spectral *** etch-free and damage-free layer transfer method has been developed for transferring these CdSe thin films from mica to other substrate for further device processing and *** results demonstrate the feasibility of van der Waals epitaxy method for growing high quality,large area,and free-standing epitaxial layers without the requirement for lattice matching to substrate for applications in low-cost flexible and/or monolithic integrated optoelectronic devices.

关键词： CdSe flexible devices van der Waals epitaxy molecular beam epitaxy layer lift-off

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New Developments in the Calorimetry of High-Temperature Materials

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Engineering 2019年第3期5卷 366-371页

作者： alexandra Navrotsky Peter A. Rock Thermochemistry Laboratory & NEAT ORU University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

1. Introduction Thermodynamics forms the fundamental underpinning of reactivity, transformation, and stability, and controls processes such as synthesis, corrosion and degradation, environmental transport, catalysis, and biological reactivity. In the materials field, the wealth of new compounds, polymorphs, hybrid organic–inorganic hybrid materials and metal organic frameworks, high-entropy alloys, and multiphase and nanophase materials attained by a variety of non-equilibrium synthesis and processing methodologies has outrun the available thermodynamic data, hampering current understanding of synthetic pathways, materials compatibility, and longevity during use, degradation, corrosion, and dissolution, and limiting our understanding of environmental contamination and transport for new materials.

关键词： Calorimetry of High-Temperature Materials Developments

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How far is the endoscopist to blame for a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy complication?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2023年第5期15卷 940-952页

作者： George Stavrou Persefoni Gionga George Chatziantoniou Georgios Tzikos alexandra Menni StavrosPanidis Anne Shrewsbury Katerina Kotzampassi Department of Surgery Aristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 54636Greece Department of Surgery Addenbrooke's HospitalCambridge CB22QQUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)is a well-established,minimally invasive,and easy to perform procedure for nutrition delivery,applied to individuals unable to swallow for various *** has a high technical success rate of insertion between 95%and 100%in experienced hands,but varying complication rates ranging from 0.4%to 22.5%of *** To discuss the existing evidence of major procedural complications in PEG,mainly focusing on those that could probably have been avoided,had the endoscopist been more experienced,or less self-confident in relation to the basic safety rules for PEG *** After a thorough research of the international literature of a period of more than 30 years of published“case reports”concerning such complications,we critically analyzed only those complications which were considered-after assessment by two experts in PEG performance working separately-to be directly related to a form of malpractice by the *** Malpractice by the endoscopist were considered cases of:Gastrostomy tubes passed through the colon or though the left lateral liver lobe,bleeding after puncture injury of large vessels of the stomach or the peritoneum,peritonitis after viscera damage,and injuries of the esophagus,spleen,and *** For a safe PEG insertion,the overfilling of the stomach and small bowel with air should be avoided,the clinician should check thoroughly for the proper trans-illumination of the light source of the endoscope through the abdominal wall and ensure endoscopically visible imprint of finger palpation on the skin at the center of the site of maximum illumination,and finally,the physician should be more alert with obese patients and those with previous abdominal surgery.

关键词： Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy Complications Doctor responsibility

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