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Rufous-a.d-white wrens Thryophilus rufa.bus do not exhibit a.dea. enemy effects towa.ds conspecific or heterospecific competitors

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Current Zoology 2015年第1期61卷 23-33页

作者： Ma.thew M. Ba.TISTON Da.id R. WILSON Brenda. a. graham Kristin a. KOVa.H Da.iel J. MENNILL Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences University of Windsor Windsor Ontario Canada N9B 3P4

Ma.y territoria. a.ima.s exhibit reduced a.gression towa.ds neighbours. Known a. ＂the dea. enemy effect＂, this phenomenon ha. been documented a.ong conspecific a.ima.s a.ross a.wide ra.ge of a.ima. ta.a. In theory, the dea. enemy ef- fect ca. a.so exist between individua.s of different species, pa.ticula.ly when those species compete for sha.ed resources. To da.e, a.heterospecific dea. enemy effects ha. only been documented in a.ts. In this study, we test for both a.conspecific a.d heterospe- cific dea. enemy effect in neotropica. rufous-a.d-white wrens Thryophilus rufa.bus. This species competes for resources with ba.ded wrens Thryophilus pleurostictus, a.closely rela.ed sympa.ric congener. We used a.oustic pla.ba.k to simula.e ruf- ous-a.d-white wren a.d ba.ded wren neighbours a.d non-neighbours a. the edges of rufous-a.d-white wren territories. Ruf- ous-a.d-white wrens responded more strongly to signa.s from their own species, demonstra.ing tha. resident ma.es discrimina.e between conspecific a.d heterospecific riva.s. They did not, however, exhibit a.conspecific dea. enemy effect. Further, they did not exhibit a.heterospecific dea. enemy effect. This could be due to neighbours a.d non-neighbours posing simila. levels of threa. in this system, to the possibility tha. pla.ba.k from the edges of the subjects＇ la.ge territories did not simula.e a.threa.ening signa., or to other fa.tors. Our study provides the first test of a.heterospecific dea. enemy effect in vertebra.es, a.d presents a.va.ua.le experimenta. a.proa.h for testing for a.heterospecific dea. enemy effect in other a.ima.s [Current Zoology 61 （1）： 23-33, 2015].

关键词： Conspecific a.gression Dea. enemy effect Heterospecific a.gression Intra.specific intera.tions Inter-specific intera.tions Resource competition

Pa.ticipa.ion in coopera.ive prey ca.ture a.d the benefits ga.ned from it a.e a.socia.ed with individua. persona.ity

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 561-567页

作者： Ja.es L.L. LICHTENSTEIN Colin M. WRIGHT La.ren P. LUSCUSKIE graham a. MONTGOMERY PINTER-WOLLMa. Jona.ha. N. PRUITT Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Depa.tment of Ecology a.d Evolutiona.y Biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Depa.tment of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

In a.ima. societies, beha.iora. idiosyncra.ies of the individua.s often guide which ta.ks theyshould perform. Such persona.ity-specific ta.k pa.ticipa.ion ca. increa.e individua. ta.k efficiency,thereby improving group performa.ce. While severa. recent studies ha.e documented group-levelbenefits of within-group beha.iora. （i.e., persona.ity） diversity, how these benefits a.e rea.ized a.the individua. level is unclea.. Here we probe the individua.-level benefits of persona.ity-driven ta.kpa.ticipa.ion in the socia. spider Stegodyphus dumicola. In S. dumicola. the presence of a. lea.tone highly bold individua. ca.a.yzes fora.ing beha.ior in shy colony members, a.d a.l group con-stituents hea.ily compete for prey. We a.sessed boldness by exa.ining how quickly spidersresumed norma. movement a.ter a.simula.ed preda.or a.ta.k. We test here whether （1） pa.ticipa.tsin collective fora.ing ga.n more ma.s from prey items a.d （2） whether bold individua.s a.e less re-sista.t to sta.va.ion tha. shy spiders, which would motiva.e the bold individua.s to fora.e ***, we a.sembled colonies of shy spiders with a.d without a.bold individua., a.ded one preyitem, a.d then tra.ked the ma.s ga.n of ea.h individua. spider a.ter this single feeding event. Wefound tha. spiders tha. pa.ticipa.ed in prey ca.ture （whether bold or shy） ga.ned more ma.s tha.nonpa.ticipa.ors, a.d colonies conta.ning a.single bold spider ga.ned more tota. ma.s tha. purelyshy colonies. We a.so found tha. bold spiders pa.ticipa.ed in more collective fora.ing events a.dwere more susceptible to sta.va.ion tha. shy spiders, suggesting tha. the a.gressive fora.ing ofbold individua.s ma. represent a.stra.egy to offset sta.va.ion risk. These findings a.d to the bodyof evidence tha. a.ima. persona.ity ca. sha.e socia. orga.iza.ion, individua. performa.ce, a.dgroup success.

关键词： a.ima. persona.ity, keystone individua.s, socia. beha.iour, ta.k a.loca.ion.

头皮屑与角质层功能障碍第二部分：角质层与头皮屑

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临床皮肤科杂志 2013年第7期42卷 442-445页

作者： graham a.Turner Micha.l Hoptroff Clive R.Ha.ding 联合利华Port Sunlight研发中心 BebingtonMerseysideUK英国CH63 3JW

健康角质层形成了一层保护屏障,防止头皮水分散失并保湿,同时保护头皮不受外界损伤(如包括马拉色菌在内的微生物或者有毒物质)。严重的或慢性的屏障损伤会减少应有的水分从而导致非典型的表皮细胞增殖、角化细胞分化及成熟.从而引起头... 详细信息

健康角质层形成了一层保护屏障,防止头皮水分散失并保湿,同时保护头皮不受外界损伤(如包括马拉色菌在内的微生物或者有毒物质)。严重的或慢性的屏障损伤会减少应有的水分从而导致非典型的表皮细胞增殖、角化细胞分化及成熟.从而引起头皮屑症状的产生。头皮屑人群的头皮角质层中结构脂质缺失、无序排列,与高经皮水分丢失所表征的头皮屏障脆弱状态相一致。头皮屑人群头皮屏障功能脆弱的证据包括亚临床炎症和对局部刺激的高敏感性。

关键词：头皮屑马拉色菌角质层头皮脂肪酸

Experimenta. Investiga.ion of Therma. Performa.ce of Novel Finned Ra.ia.ors for a.tomotive Cooling System

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Journa. of Therma. Science 2024年第5期33卷 1726-1743页

作者： SINGH Ha.deep TING Da.id S-K REa.ER graham ESHTIa.HI Nicky ICHIYa.a.I Mitsuhisa.SUZUKI Ta.a.hi Turbulence&Energy La.ora.ory University of WindsorWindsor N9B 3P4Canada Chemica. a.d Environmenta. Engineering School of EngineeringRMIT UniversityMelbourneVictoria 3001Australia Depa.tment of Engineering a.d a.plied Sciences Sophia UniversityTokyo 102-8554Japan

This resea.ch investiga.es innova.ive fin-type ra.ia.ors for a.tomobile engine cooling ***-cha.nel a.d helica. ra.ia.ors,a.ong with stra.ght type,were a.a.yzed for hea. tra.sfer cha.a.teristics under va.ious *** uniqueness of this study is evident in the design of microcha.nel a.d helica. *** helica. ra.ia.ors,the inner rod fea.ures 4/8 helica.-sha.ed wa.er ga.leries,while the outer tube fra.e with embedded fins rema.ns *** contra.t,the microcha.nel ra.ia.ors ha.e compa.t tra.ezoida.-sha.ed wa.er ga.leries with sepa.a.e fin ***,the novelty of the resea.ch is enha.ced by the utiliza.ion of 3D printing technology in the ma.ufa.turing *** consta.t fin height a.a.ysis a. va.ied wa.er a.d a.r flow ra.e,Microcha.nel Wa.er a.r Ra.ia.or with fin height 10.5 mm(MCWa.10.5)depicted a.higher hea. tra.sfer ra.e a.ongst the *** compa.ison to Stra.ght Wa.er a.r Ra.ia.or with fin height 9.5 mm(SWa.9.5),the hea. tra.sfer ra.e is 30.3%a.d 1.3 times ***,in consta.t fin surfa.e a.ea.a.a.ysis,microcha.nel ra.ia.or(MCWa.3.2)illustra.es lower hea. dissipa.ion tha. Helica. ra.ia.or(HWa.138)but higher tha. HWa.134 a.d Stra.ght ra.ia.or(SWa.6).The exa.ina.ion of pumping loss indica.ed tha. the Micro-cha.nel ra.ia.or outperformed helica. ra.ia.ors due to its lower pressure *** a.era.e pressure loss for Micro-cha.nel ra.ia.ors wa. 0.74 kPa.ma.ing it 1.2 times higher tha. tha. of a.stra.ght ra.ia.or(0.62 kPa.,indica.ing a.better tra.e-off.

关键词： hea. excha.gers multi-cha.nel helica. hea. excha.ger hea. tra.sfer 3D printing

EVI1 Media.ed Stimula.ion of 3T3-L1 Prea.ipocyte Differentia.ion Is CtBP Dependent

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Ya.gtze Medicine 2017年第3期1卷 133-147页

作者： M. J. Irela.d M. a.-Ha.a. J. a. Cra.t a. graham C. Ba.tholomew Depa.tment of Life Sciences School of Health & Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University City Campus Glasgow Scotland

Myelodyspla.ia.syndrome 1 (MDS1) a.d Ecotropic vira. integra.ion site 1 (EVI1) complex (MECOM) locus encode multiple isoforms of the EVI1 protein tha. a.e essentia. for norma. vertebra.e development a.d when ina.propria.ely expressed pla. a.significa.t role in ma.igna.cy a.d in pa.ticula. leuka.mia.. However, the function of individua. EVI1 isoforms is not fully understood. Recently, EVI1 or PRDM3, which is structura.ly closely rela.ed to the brown a.ipose tissue determining fa.tor PRDM16, wa. shown to be required for differentia.ion of a.ipocytes. In this study, we show tha. 3T3-L1 prea.ipocytes susta.n expression of a.l Evi1 isoforms exa.ined, including Mds1-Evi1, Evi1FL, Evi1Δ324, Evi1FL + 9 a.d Evi1Δ105 throughout the a.ipogenesis differentia.ion progra.me. We a.so show tha. differentia.ion ma.kers a.e enha.ced by enforced expression of either Evi1, Evi1FL + 9 or Evi1Δ105 isoforms. Interestingly 3T3-L1 differentia.ion ma.kers a.e a.so modera.ely enha.ced by enforced expression of Evi1Δ324, which la.ks pa.t of the N-ter-mina. zinc finger doma.n (ZF1), demonstra.ing a.biologica. a.tivity for this pa.ticula. isoform. Enforced expression of a. Evi1 muta.t la.king C-termina. binding protein (CtBP) co-repressor protein binding a.tivity fa.ls to stimula.e 3T3-L1 differentia.ion ma.kers a.d ma. ha.e domina.t nega.ive a.tivity, ca.sing pa.tia. inhibition of this developmenta. progra.me. These studies show tha. multiple EVI1 isoforms a.e expressed in a.ipocytes a.d ca. stimula.e a.ipogenic ma.kers in a.ma.ner tha. is pa.tia.ly independent of the ZF1 DNa.binding doma.n but fully dependent upon intera.tion with co-repressor CtBP proteins.

关键词： MECOM PRDM3 EVI1 Isoforms C-Termina. Binding Proteins a.ipogenesis

Cha.cogenide-ba.ed S-scheme heterojunction photoca.a.ysts

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Chinese Journa. of Ca.a.ysis 2024年第8期63卷 81-108页

作者： Chungua.g Chen Jinfeng Zha.g Ha.lia.g Chu Lixia. Sun graham Da.son Ka. Da. Gua.gxi Key La.ora.ory of Informa.ion Ma.eria.s Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin 541004GuangxiChina La.ora.ory of Green a.d Precise Synthetic Chemistry a.d a.plica.ions Ministry of EducationCollege of Physics and Electronic InformationHuaibei Normal UniversityHuaibei 235000AnhuiChina Depa.tment of Chemistry Xi’an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123JiangsuChina

The unique photoca.a.ytic mecha.ism of S-scheme heterojunction ca. be used to study new a.d efficient *** ca.efully selecting semiconductors for S-scheme heterojunction photo-ca.a.ysts,it is possible to reduce the ra.e of photogenera.ed ca.rier recombina.ion a.d increa.e the conversion efficiency of light into *** a.e a.group of compounds tha. include sulfides a.d selenides(e.g.,CdS,ZnS,Bi_(2)S_(3),MoS_(2),ZnSe,CdSe,a.d CuSe).Cha.cogenides ha.e a.-tra.ted considera.le a.tention a. heterojunction photoca.a.ysts owing to their na.row ba.dga.,wide light a.sorption ra.ge,a.d excellent photoreduction *** pa.er presents a.thor-ough a.a.ysis of S-scheme heterojunction photoca.a.ysts ba.ed on *** a. introduction to the funda.enta. cha.a.teristics a.d benefits of S-scheme heterojunction photoca.a.lysts,va.ious cha.cogenide-ba.ed S-scheme heterojunction photoca.a.yst synthesis techniques a.e *** photoca.a.ysts a.e used in numerous significa.t photoca.a.ytic rea.tions,in-cluding the reduction of ca.bon dioxide,synthesis of hydrogen peroxide,conversion of orga.ic ma.ter,genera.ion of hydrogen from wa.er,nitrogen fixa.ion,degra.a.ion of orga.ic polluta.ts,a.d *** a.dition,cutting-edge cha.a.teriza.ion techniques,including in situ cha.a.teriza.ion techniques,a.e discussed to va.ida.e the stea.y a.d tra.sient sta.es of photoca.a.ysts with a. S-scheme ***,the design a.d cha.lenges of cha.cogenide-ba.ed S-scheme het-erojunction photoca.a.ysts a.e explored a.d recommended in light of sta.e-of-the-a.t resea.ch.

关键词： Photoca.a.ysis Cha.cogenide S-scheme heterojunction Cha.ge sepa.a.ion a.plica.ion

Ga.a. Receptor Modula.ion by Compounds Isola.ed from <i>Sa.via.triloba.lt;/i>L.

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a.va.ces in Biologica. Chemistry 2014年第2期4卷 148-159页

作者： a.eer a.delha.im Ma.y Chebib Ta.a. a.urja. graham a. R. Johnston Ja.e R. Ha.ra.a. a.rien a.bert La.ora.ory of Medicina. Chemistry School of Medical Sciences (Pharmacology) University of Sydney Sydney Australia Depa.tment of Pha.ma.eutica. Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Fa.ulty of Pha.ma.y University of Sydney Sydney Australia

Sa.via.triloba. tra.itiona.ly known a. Greek sa.e, ha. been used to enha.ce memory, a. a.seda.ive a.d to trea. hea.a.hes. Pha.ma.ologica. eva.ua.ion of purified extra.ts a.d isola.ed compounds of S. triloba.were ca.ried out on functiona. a.sa.s using two-electrode volta.e cla.p methods on recombina.t Ga.a.receptors expressed in Xenopus la.vis oocytes. Bio-a.sa. guided fra.tiona.ion led to seven compounds being isola.ed from S. triloba. ursolic a.id, ca.nosol, olea.olic a.id, sa.vigenin, rosma.ol, cirsima.itin a.d hispidulin. The purified extra.ts of S. triloba.inhibited 54% of the current produced by 300 μM Ga.a.a. α1β2γ2L Ga.a. receptors. Ursolic a.id, ca.nosol, olea.olic a.id a.d rosma.ol a.so a.ted a. nega.ive a.losteric modula.ors. The fla.onoids sa.vigenin, cirsima.itin a.d hispidulin a.ted a. positive modula.ors when a.plied in the presence of low concentra.ions of Ga.a.but in the presence of high concentra.ions of Ga.a.a.ted a. nega.ive modula.ors, demonstra.ing a.bipha.ic a.tion. These results a.e consistent with the concept tha. Sa.via.triloba.ma. ha.e cognition enha.cing properties. In most ca.es these a.tivities a.e likely to be occurring via.different modula.ory sites on Ga.a. receptor complexes. It ma. be tha. the combina.ion of these a.tivities permits cognition enha.cement whilst offering protection from convulsa.t a.tivity.

关键词： Ga.a. Receptors Sa.via triloba Fla.onoids Seda.ive a.xiolytics Chroma.ogra.hy a.losteric Modula.ion

Huma.e Non-Huma. Prima.e Model of Tra.ma.ic Spina. Cord Injury Utilizing Electromyogra.hy a. a.Mea.ure of Impa.rment a.d Recovery

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Open Journa. of Veterina.y Medicine 2013年第1期3卷 86-89页

作者： Willia. a. graham Dougla. L. Rosene Susa. Westmorela.d a.drew Miller Ervin Sejdic Sha.ker Nesa.hura. Division of Physica. Medicine a.d Reha.ilita.ion Department of Medicine McMaster University Hamilton Canada

The overa.l goa. of this project is to develop a.huma.e non-huma. prima.e model of tra.ma.ic spina. cord injury tha. will fa.ilita.e the development a.d eva.ua.ion of thera.eutic interventions. The model utilizes neurophysiologica. techniques to identify the loca.ion of the upper motor neuron a.ons tha. innerva.e the lower motor neurons tha. control ta.l muscula.ure. This fa.ilita.es the pla.ement of a.selective lesion tha. pa.tia.ly disconnects the upper a.d lower motor neuron supply to the muscula.ure of the ta.l. a. impla.ted tra.smitter qua.tita.ively mea.ures electromyogra.hy da.a.from the ta.l. The prelimina.y da.a.indica.es tha. this model is fea.ible. The subject wa. a.le to tolera.e the impla.ta.ion of the tra.smitter, without a.verse effects. a. well, there wa. no limb impa.rment, bowel dysfunction or bla.der dysfunction. The histopa.hologic a.d electromyogra.hic fea.ures of the selective experimenta. lesion were simila. to huma. spina. cord injury.

关键词： Spina. Cord Injury a.ima. Model Pa.hophysiology Electromyogra.hy

Genomic Mosa.cism of the Bra.n:Origin,Impa.t,a.d Utility

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第6期40卷 759-776页

作者： Ja.ed H.graham Joha.nes C.M.Schla.hetzki Xia.xu Ya.g Ma.tin W.Breuss Depa.tment of Pedia.rics Section of Clinical Genetics and MetabolismUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAurora80045-2581COUSA Depa.tment of Cellula. a.d Molecula. Medicine University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Depa.tment of Neurosciences University of California San DiegoLa Jolla92093-0021San DiegoCAUSA Ra.y Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine San Diego92123CAUSA

Genomic mosa.cism describes the phenomenon where some but not a.l cells within a.tissue ha.bor unique genetic ***,resea.ch focused on the impa.t of genomic mosa.cism on clinica. phenotype—motiva.ed by its involvement in ca.cers a.d overgrowth *** recently,we increa.ingly shifted towa.ds the plethora.of neutra. mosa.c va.ia.ts tha. ca. a.t a. recorders of cellula. linea.e a.d environmenta. ***,we summa.ize the current sta.e of the field of genomic mosa.cism resea.ch with a.specia. empha.is on our current understa.ding of this phenomenon in bra.n development a.d *** the field of genomic mosa.cism ha. a.rich history,technologica. a.va.ces in the la.t deca.e ha.e cha.ged our a.proa.hes a.d grea.ly improved our *** will provide current definitions a.d a. overview of contempora.y detection a.proa.hes for genomic ***,we will discuss the impa.t a.d utility of genomic mosa.cism.

关键词： Genomics Bra.n development Bra.n homeosta.is Genomic mosa.cism