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Current view of the immunopathogenesis in inflammatory bowel disease and its implications for therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第13期14卷 1972-1980页

作者： MI Torres a ríos Department of Experimental Biology University of Jaén Jaén 23071 Spain Department of Cell Biology University of Granada Granada 18071 Spain

Although the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unknown, the pathogenesis is gradually being unravelled, seeming to be the result of a combination of environmental, genetic, and immunological factors in which an uncontrolled immune response within the intestinal lumen leads to inflammation in genetically predisposed individuals. Multifactorial evidence suggests that a defect of innate immune response to microbial agents is involved in IBD. This editorial outlines the immunopathogenesis of IBD and their current and future therapy. We present IBD as a result of dysregulated mucosal response in the intestinal wall facilitated by defects in epithelial barrier function and the mucosal immune system with excessive production of cytokines growth factors, adhesion molecules, and reactive oxygen metabolites, resulting in tissue injury. Established and evolving therapies are discussed in the second part of this editorial and at the end of this section we review new therapies to modulate the immune system in patients with IBD.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Ulcerativecolitis Crohn's disease Tolerance Cytokines Mucosalinflammation

New aspects in celiac disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第8期13卷 1156-1161页

作者： MI Torres MA López Casado a ríos Department of Experimental Biology University of JaénJaén 23071Spain Department of Gastroenterology Pediatrics. Hospital Virgen de las Nieves Granada Department Cell Biology. University of Granada Granada

Celiac disease (CD) is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by an immune response to ingested gluten and has a strong HLA association with HLA- DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 molecules, but human HLA-DQ risk factors do not explain the entire genetic susceptibility to gluten intolerance. CD is caused by the lack of immune tolerance (oral tolerance) to wheat gluten. In this sense, the expression of soluble HLA-G in CD is of special interest because the molecule plays an important role in the induction of immune tolerance. The enhanced expression of soluble HLA-G found in CD may be part of a mechanism to restore the gluten intolerance. In this editorial, we review recent progress in understanding CD in relation to its prevalence, diagnosis and possible mechanisms of pathogenesis.

关键词： Celiac disease Oral tolerance IL-10 TGF-beta Gluten intolerance

Current advances in using tolerogenic dendritic cells as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of type 1 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第5期12卷 603-615页

作者： William de Jesús ríos-ríos Sorely Adelina Sosa-Luis Honorio Torres-Aguilar Department of Biochemical Sciences Faculty Universidad Autónoma“Benito Juárez”de OaxacaOaxaca 68120Mexico Department of Molecular Biomedicine Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalMexico City 07360Mexico

Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producingβ-cells of the pancreatic islets by autoreactive T cells,leading to high blood glucose levels and severe long-term *** typical treatment indicated in T1D is exogenous insulin administration,which controls glucose levels;however,it does not stop the autoimmune *** strategies have been implemented aimed at stoppingβ-cell destruction,such as cellular *** cells(DCs)as an alternative in cellular therapy have gained great interest for autoimmune disease therapy due to their plasticity to acquire immunoregulatory properties both in vivo and in vitro,performing functions such as anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion and suppression of autoreactive lymphocytes,which are dependent of their tolerogenic phenotype,displayed by features such as semimature phenotype,low surface expression of stimulatory molecules to prime T cells,as well as the elevated expression of inhibitory *** may be obtained and propagated easily in optimal amounts from peripheral blood or bone marrow precursors,such as monocytes or hematopoietic stem cells,respectively;therefore,various protocols have been established for tolerogenic(tol)DCs manufacturing for therapeutic research in the treatment of *** this review,we address the current advances in the use of tolDCs for T1D therapy,encompassing protocols for their manufacturing,the data obtained from preclinical studies carried out,and the status of clinical research evaluating the safety,feasibility,and effectiveness of tolDCs.

关键词： Type 1 diabetes Dendritic cells Autoimmunity Immune tolerance Cell therapy Immunotherapy.

Corrosion behavior of hypoeutectic Al-Cu alloys in H_2SO_4 and NaCl solutions

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2009年第4期22卷 241-246页

作者： Wislei r.osório Leandro C.Peixoto Leonardo r.Garcia Amauri Garcia Department of Materials Engineering University of Campinas-UNICAMP

The aim of this work was to evaluate the electrochemical behaviour of hypoeutectic Al-Cu alloys immersed in two different solutions containing sulphate and chloride ions, respectively. The influence of Al2Cu associated to the dendritic arm spacing on the general corrosion resistance of such alloys is analysed. The typical microstructural pattern was examined by using scanning electron microscope. The corrosion tests were performed in both 0.5 M sulphuric acid and 0.5 M NaCl solutions at 25℃ by using an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy （EIS） technique and potentiodynamic polarization curves. Equivalent circuits by using the ZView software, were also used to provide quantitative support for the discussions. It was found that as the Cu content increased （i.e., increasing the Al2Cu fraction）, a higher susceptibility to the corrosion action in the NaCl solution is detected. In contrast, the tests carried out in the H2SO4 solution resulted in similar corrosion,rates for the three different hypoeutectic alloys.

关键词： Al-Cu alloys Al2Cu Corrosion Microstructure Castings

Vector-valued operators, optimal weighted estimates and the C_p condition

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Science China Mathematics 2020年第7期63卷 1339-1368页

作者： María Eugenia Cejas Kangwei Li Carlos Pérez Israel Pablo rivera-ríos BCAM—Basque Center for Applied Mathematics Bilbao 48009Spain CONICET Departamento de MatematicaFacultad de Ciencias ExactasUniversidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata 1900Argentina Department of Mathematics University of the Basque CountryBilbao 48080Spain Ikerbasque Basque Foundation of ScienceBilbao 48013Spain INMABB CONICETDepartamento de MatematicaUniversidad Nacional del SurBahia Blanca 8000Argentina

In this paper some new results concerning the C_p classes introduced by Muckenhoupt(1981)and later extended by Sawyer(1983),are *** particular,we extend the result to the full expected range p>0,to the weak norm,to other operators and to their vector-valued *** of those results rely upon sparse domination,which in the vector-valued case are provided as *** will also provide sharp weighted estimates for vector-valued extensions relying on those sparse domination results.

关键词： A_p weights quantitative estimates C_p estimates vector-valued extensions sparse domination maximal functions Calderon-Zygmund operators commutators

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection:Serum biomarkers inpredicting liver damage

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第4期22卷 1367-1381页

作者： Pamela Valva Daniela a ríos Elena De Matteo Maria V Preciado Laboratory of Molecular Biology Pathology DivisionHospital de Niños Ricardo GutiérrezBuenos Aires C1425EFDArgentina

Currently, a major clinical challenge in the management of the increasing number of hepatitis C virus(HCV) infected patients is determining the best means for evaluating liver impairment. Prognosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C(CHC) are partly dependent on the assessment of histological activity, namely cell necrosis and inflammation, and the degree of liver fibrosis. These parameters can be provided by liver biopsy; however, in addition to the risks related to an invasive procedure, liver biopsy has been associated with sampling error mostly due to suboptimal biopsy size. To avoid these pitfalls, several markers have been proposed as non-invasive alternatives for the diagnosis of liver damage. Distinct approaches among the currently available non-invasive methods are(1) the physical ones based on imaging techniques; and(2) the biological ones based on serum biomarkers. In this review, we discuss these approaches with special focus on currently available non-invasive serum markers. We will discuss:(1) class?Ⅰ?serum biomarkers individually and as combined panels, particularly those that mirror the metabolism of liver extracellular matrix turnover and/or fibrogenic cell changes;(2) class Ⅱ biomarkers that are indirect serum markers and are based on the evaluation of common functional alterations in the liver; and(3) biomarkers of liver cell death, since hepatocyte apoptosis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of HCV infection. We highlight in this review the evidence behind the use of these markers and assess the diagnostic accuracy as well as advantages, limitations, and application in clinical practice of each test for predicting liver damage in CHC.

关键词： Serum biomarkers Chronic hepatitis C Liver damage Non-invasive Direct serum markers Indirect serum markers Apoptosis markers

Treatment of posterior urethral distractions defects following pelvic fracture

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Asian Journal of Urology 2018年第3期5卷 164-171页

作者： Emilio ríos Luís Martínez-Pineiro Department of Urology Universitary Hospital Infanta SofiaMadridSpain Department of Urology Universitary Hospital La PazMadridSpain

Posterior urethral injuries typically arise in the context of a pelvic *** urethrography is the preferred diagnostic test in trauma patients with pelvic fracture where a posterior urethral rupture is *** fractures however preclude the adequate positioning of the patient on the X-ray table on admission and computed tomography scan with intravenous contrast and delayed films generally performed *** bladder catheter placement under ultrasound guidance should be performed whenever a posterior urethral disruption is *** diagnosis and proper acute management decrease the associated complications,such as strictures,urinary incontinence and erectile *** correct and appropriate initial treatment of associated urethral rupture is critical to the proper healing of the *** of a suprapubic cystostomy on admission and delayed anastomotic urethroplasty after 3e6 months continues to be the gold standard of *** this paper,we provide a comprehensive review of the literature with a special emphasis on the various treatments available:Open or endoscopic primary realignment,immediate or delayed urethroplasty after suprapubic cystostomy,and delayed optical urethrotomy.

关键词： Posterior urethral injuries Distractions defects Pelvic fracture realignment Urethroplasty Optical urethrotomy

Web Application Commercial Design for Financial Entities Based on Business Intelligence

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 3177-3188页

作者： Carlos Andrés Tavera romero Jesus Hamilton Ortiz osamah Ibrahim Khalaf Andrea ríos Prado COMBA I+D research Group of Universidad Santiago de Cali Valle del CaucaColombia Closemobile r&D Telecommunications LS FuenlabradaEspaña Al-Nahrain Nanorenewable Energy research Center in Al-Nahrain University BagdadIraq

Multiple customer data management has become a focus of attention in big *** much information is available,it does not translate into significant profitable value-added *** present a design of a commercial web application based on business intelligence that generates information on social and financial behavior of clients in an organization;with the purpose of obtain additional information that allows to get more *** app will provide a broader perspective for making strategic decisions to increase profits and reduce internal investment costs.A case in point is the financial sector,a group of financial entities were used to make measurements and test them.A design to build a web application aimed at achieving a large and ambitious goal by means of defined tools reflecting clients’business needs is *** this research,different techniques and technologies are explored,such as diagrams,frameworks,design,architecture,model entity-relationship,tables,equations,mental maps and development *** the Personal Software Process methodology and with the help of information extraction,consolidation,and visualization,the implementation can be carried *** article provides the importance of implementing business intelligence in an organization and expands on the steps needed for the implementation of this valuable technology.

关键词： Business intelligence banking application web application trend analysis decision making

Sources,characteristics,toxicity,and control of ultrafine particles:An overview

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第1期13卷 512-526页

作者： Andrea L.Moreno-ríos Lesly P.Tejeda-Benítez Ciro F.Bustillo-Lecompte Department of Civil and Environmental Universidad de la CostaCUCCalle 58#55–66BarranquillaAtlánticoColombia research Group in Biomedical Toxicological and Environmental Sciences(Biotoxam)University of CartagenaCampus of ZaragocillaCartagenaColombia School of Occupational and Public Health Ryerson University350 Victoria StreetTorontoON M5B 2K3Canada

Air pollution by particulate matter(PM)is one of the main threats to human health,particularly in large cities where pollution levels are continually *** to their source of emission,geography,and local meteorology,the pollutant particles vary in size and *** particles are conditioned to the aerodynamic diameter and thus classified as coarse(2.5–10μm),fine(0.1–2.5μm),and ultrafine(re the degree of toxicity becomes greater for smaller *** particles can get into the lungs and translocate into vital organs due to their size,causing significant human health ***,PM pollutants have been linked to respiratory conditions,genotoxic,mutagenic,and carcinogenic activity in human *** paper presents an overview of emission sources,physicochemical characteristics,collection and measurement methodologies,toxicity,and existing control mechanisms for ultrafine particles(UFPs)in the last fifteen years.

关键词： Particulate matter Ultrafine particles Air pollution Toxicity Measurement methodologies