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chinese national clinical practice guidelines on prevention,diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer

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chinese Medical Journal 2024年第17期137卷 2017-2039页

作者： Jingnan Li Hongwei Yao Yun Lu Shutian Zhang Zhongtao Zhang Society of Digestive Endoscopy of the chinese Medical Association Colorectal Surgery Group of the chinese Medical Association chinese Association of Gastroenterologist&Hepatologist national Clinical research Center for Digestive Diseases chinese Medical Journal Clinical Practie Guideline Collaborative Department of Gastroenterology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Department of General Surgery Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseasesBeijing 100050China Department of General Surgery The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong 266555China Department of Gastroenterology Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseaseBeijing 100050China 不详

Background:The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer(CRC)in China are increasing in recent *** clarified pathogenesis and detectable precancerous lesions of CRC make it possible to prevent,screen,and diagnose CRC at an early *** the development of endoscopic and surgical techniques,the choice of treatment for early CRC is also worth further discussion,and accordingly,a standard follow-up program after treatment needs to be ***:This clinical practice guideline(CPG)was developed following the recommended process of the World Health Organization,adopting Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)in assessing evidence quality,and using the Evidence to Decision framework to formulate clinical recommendations,thereby minimizing bias and increasing transparency of the CPG development *** used the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare(RIGHT)statement and Appraisal of Guidelines for research and Evaluation II(AGREE II)as reporting and conduct guides to ensure the guideline’s completeness and ***:This CPG comprises 46 recommendations concerning prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and surveillance of *** these recommendations,we have indicated protective and risk factors for CRC and made recommendations for *** proposed a suitable screening program for CRC based on the chinese *** also provided normative statements for the diagnosis,treatment,and surveillance of CRC based on existing clinical evidence and ***:The 46 recommendations in this CPG are formed with consideration for stakeholders’values and preferences,feasibility,and *** are generalizable to resource-limited settings with similar CRC epidemiology pattern as China.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Early detection of cancer Prevention Screening Diagnosis Treatment Follow-up Guideline

A Novel Deflection Method for Measuring the Growth Stress of Thermally Growing Oxide Scales

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2003年第3期19卷 231-234页

作者： Yuhai QIAN MeishuanShenyang national Laboratory for Materials Science, institute of Metal {2., chinese academy of sciences, Shenyang 110016, China Lab. for Mat. Sci. Inst. of Metal Res. Chinese Acad. of Sci. Shenyang 110016 China

A kind of new deflection technique has been developed for measuring the growth stress of thermally growing oxide scales during high temperature oxidation of alloys. The average growth stresses in oxide scales such as Al2.3, NiO and Cr2.3 formed on the surface of the superalloys can be investigated by this technique. Unlike the comventional deflection method, the novel method does not need to apply a coating for preventing one main face of thin strip specimen from oxidizing and can be used under the condition of longer time and higher temperature.

关键词： Oxide film Growth stress Deflection method

Recombinant Bivalent Vaccine against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Serotype O/A Infection in Guinea Pig

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第9期36卷 589-596页

作者： Jian-Zhong YI1, Ming-Qiu LIU1, Cai-Zhu ZHU2. Qiang ZHANG1, Zu-Tian SHENG3, Qing-Yun DU3, Wei-Yao YAN1, and Zhao-Xin ZHENG1* State Key Laboratory of Genetics Engineering, Life Science School, Fudan University, Shanghai 2.0433, China 1The Veterinary institute of chinese academy of agricultural sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China 2.he Virus {2. institute of Zhejiang academy of agricultural sciences, hangzhou 31002., China State Key Laboratory of Genetics Engineering Life Science School Fudan University The Veterinary institute of chinese academy of agricultural sciences

In this study, two DNA fragments encoding amino acid (141–160)-(2.–40)-(141–160) of the VP1 of FMDV (foot-and-mouth disease virus) serotype O and (138–160)-(2.–40)-(138–160) of the serotype A FMDV were chemically synthesized. These two tandem-repeat fragments were ligated and transfected into prokaryotic expression vector pTrcHis A to construct pTH-O-A. The other vector called pTH-O-scIgG-A was constructed similarly only that the two tandem-repeat DNA fragments were linked by the bovine- IgG heavy chain coding sequence. Guinea pigs immunized with the two bivalent vaccines pTH-O-A and pTH-O-scIgG-A showed both specific antibody activity and T cell proliferation responses. FMDV challenge tests showed that 85% and 70% of guinea pigs vaccinated twice with 2.0 μg of the fusion protein of pTH-O-A were protected from FMDV serotype O and serotype A infection respectively. 70% and 57% of the guinea pigs immunized with the fusion protein of pTH-O-scIgG-A were protected from FMDV serotype O and serotype A infection respectively.

关键词： foot-and-mouth disease FMDV serotype O FMDV serotype A VP1 protein bivalent vaccine guinea pig

Climatic and environmental changes over the last millennium recorded in the Malan ice core from the northern Tibetan Plateau

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1079-1089页

作者： WANG Ninglian1,2. YAO Tandong2.1, PU Jianchen1, ZHANG Yongliang1 & SUN Weizhen1 1. Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering research institute, {2. academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. institute of Tibetan Plateau research, {2. academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, China 1. Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. institute of Tibetan Plateau research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

In this paper, climatic and environmental changes were reconstructed since 112.A.D. based on the Malan ice core from Hol Xil, the northern Tibetan Plateau. The record of δ 18O in the Malan ice core indicated that the warm-season air temperature variations displayed a general increase trend, the 2.th-century warming was within the range of natural climate variability, and the warmest century was the 17th century while the warmest decade was the 1610s, over the entire study period. The “Medieval Warm Epoch” and “Little Ice Age” were also reflected by the ice core record. The dust ratio in the Malan ice core is a good proxy for dust event frequency. The 870-year record of the dust ratio showed that dust events occurred much frequently in the 19th century. Comparing the variations of δ 18O and the dust ratio, it is found that there was a strong negative correlation between them on the time scales of 101―102.years. By analyses of all the climatic records of ice cores and tree rings from the northern Tibetan Plateau, it was revealed that dust events were more frequent in the cold and dry periods than in the warm and wet periods.

关键词： the Tibetan Plateau, the Malan ice core, climate changes, dust event frequency.

Control of atmospheric CO_2.concentrations by 2.50: A calculation on the emission rights of different countries

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Science China Earth sciences 2009年第10期52卷 1447-1469页

作者： DING ZhongLi1, DUAN XiaoNan2. GE QuanSheng3 & ZHANG ZhiQiang4 1 institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese {2. of sciences, Beijing 10002., China 2.The General Office of chinese {2. of sciences, Beijing 100864, China 3 institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources research, chinese {2. of sciences, Beijing 100101, China 4 The Lanzhou Branch of the national Science Library, the Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment, Lanzhou 730000, China institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China The General Office of chinese academy of {2. Beijing 100864 China institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources {2. Chinese Academy

This paper is to provide quantitative data on some critical issues in anticipation of the forthcoming international negotiations in Denmark on the control of atmospheric CO2.concentrations. Instead of letting only a small number of countries dominate a few controversial dialogues about emissions reductions, a comprehensive global system must be established based on emissions allowances for different countries, to realize the long-term goal of controlling global atmospheric CO2.concentrations. That a system rooted in "cumulative emissions per capita," the best conception of the "common but differentiated responsibilities" principle affirmed by the Kyoto Protocol according to fundamental standards of fairness and justice, was demonstrated. Based on calculations of various countries' cumulative emissions per capita, estimates of their cumulative emissions from 1900 to 2.05, and their annual emissions allowances into the future (2.06―2.50), a 470 ppmv atmospheric CO2.concentration target was set. According to the following four objective indicators―total emissions allowance from 1900 to 2.50, actual emissions from 1900 to 2.05, emissions levels in 2.05, and the average growth rate of emissions from 1996 to 2.05―all countries and regions whose population was more than 300000 in 2.05 were divided into four main groups: countries with emissions deficits, countries and regions needing to reduce their gross emissions, countries and regions needing to reduce their emissions growth rates, and countries that can maintain the current emissions growth rates. Based on this proposal, most G8 countries by 2.05 had already expended their 2.50 emissions allowances. The accu-mulated financial value based on emissions has reached more than 5.5 trillion US dollars (2. dollars per ton of CO2.. Even if these countries could achieve their ambitious emissions reduction targets in the future, their per capita emissions from 2.06 to 2.50 would still be much higher than those of developing coun

关键词： international negotiations on climate change cumulative emissions per capita emission allowance

Modeling and verifying Web services driven by requirements:An ontology-based approach

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Science in China(Series F) 2006年第6期49卷 792-820页

作者： HOU Lishan1,3,JIN ZHi1,2.& WU Budan1,4 1. academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, China 2. institute of Computing Technology, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, China 3. institute of Software, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100080, China 4. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100049, China 1. academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China 3. institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China 2. institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Bejing 100080 China 4. Graduate University of chinese academy of {2. Beijing 100049 China

Automatic discovery and composition of Web services is an important research area in Web service technology, in which the specification of Web services is a key issue. This paper presents a Web service capability description framework based on the environment ontology. This framework depicts Web services capability in two aspects： the operable environment and the environment changes resulting from behaviors of the Web service. On the basis of the framework, a requirement-driven Web service composition model has been constructed. This paper brings forward the formalization of Web service interactions with π calculus. And an automatic mechanism converting conceptual capability description to the formal process expression has been built. This kind of formal specification assists in verifying whether the composite Web service model matches the requirement.

关键词： Web service environment ontology automatic composition π calculus formal verification.

Variations of δ^(18)O in precipitation from the Muztagata Glacier, East Pamirs

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Science China Earth sciences 2006年第1期49卷 36-42页

作者： LI Zhen1, YAO Tandong1,2. TIAN Lide1,2. XU Baiqing1,2.& Wu Guangjian2.1. Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment, Jointly Established by Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engi-neering research institute and institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences and chinese academy of Meteorological sciences, China Meteorological Administration, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. Laboratory of Environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau, institute of Tibetan Plateau research, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, China 1. Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Jointly Established by Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Lanzhou 730000 China 2. Laboratory of Environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China

Expeditions to Muztagata (in the eastern Pamirs) during the summer seasons of2.02.and 2.03 collected precipitation samples and measured their oxygen isotopes. The δ^(18)O inprecipitation displays a wide range, varying from -17.40per thousand to +1.33per thousand inJune—September 2.02.and from -2..31per thousand to +4.59per thousand in May—August 2.03. Theδ^(18)O in precipitation correlates with the initial temperature of precipitation during theobserving periods. The positive correlation between δ^(18)O and temperature suggests that δ^(18)Ocan be used as an indicator of temperature in this region. The δ^(18)O values in fresh-snow samplescollected from two snow events at different elevations on the Muztagata Glacier show a strong''altitude effect'', with a ratio of nearly -0.40per thousand per 100 m from 5500 m to 7450 m.

关键词： Muztagata, δ18O, temperature, altitude effect.

An Examination on Atomic-level Stress Calculations by Nanoindentation Simulation via the Quasicontinuum Method

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第1期26卷 56-64页

作者： Yufei Shao and Shaoqing Wang Shenyang national Laboratory for Materials Science, institute of Metal {2., chinese academy of sciences, Shenyang 110016, China [a] Shenyang national Laboratory for Materials Science institute of Metal research chinese academy of {2. Shenyang 110016 China

Nanoindentation simulations on single crystals AI and Cu via the quasicontinuum method have been performed. Two kinds of atomic-level local stress calculation methods, i.e. the coarse-grained local stress and the virial local stress, are employed to calculate the stress state of the contact area. Various comparisons between the coarse-grained local stress and the virial local stress have been made. Firstly, the averaged normal stress beneath the contact surface calculated by coarse-grained method agrees well with continuum mechanical pressure measurement, while the virial method gives unphysical results sometimes. Secondly, the coarsegrained results reflect the indenter size effect on the critical shear stress quite accurately, while the virial calculations fail. Thirdly, the distribution of maximum shear stress of the coarse-grained method predicts the defects nucleation locations reliably, while the distribution of virial local stress gives an incorrect prediction sometimes. Thus it is concluded that the coarse-grained method can offer a more reliable description of the local stress states of atoms in spatially inhomogeneous solids.

关键词： Nanoindentation Atomistic stress Quasicontinuum

Vibration Effects on the Structural Stability of Al-Ti Intermetallics by First-principles Calculations

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2010年第12期26卷 1071-1077页

作者： Hui Zhang and Shaoqing Wang Shenyang national Laboratory for Materials Science,institute of Metal {2.,chinese academy of sciences,Shenyang 110016,China [a] Shenyang national Laboratory for Materials Science institute of Metal research chinese academy of {2. Shenyang 110016 China

The structural stability of the intermetallics AlTi3, Al2.i, Al3Ti4 and Al3Ti in the Al-Ti system has been investigated using density functional theory （DFT） and density functional perturbation theory （DFPT）. The calculated ground-state convex hull is in agreement with the experimental researches. Al3Ti4 （hP7） is metastable at 0 K and may be stabilized as the temperature increases due to the effects of the vibration entropy. For Al2.i, r-Al2.i is stable at 0 K and h-Al2.i is stabilized by the vibration entropy at high temperatures. Al3Ti （tI16） is unstable considering vibration effects and Al3Ti （tI8） is the most stable structure at 0 K.

关键词： First-principles Al-Ti Vibration Crystal structure