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change of surface cover greenness in china between 2000 and 2010

Chinese science Bulletin 2012年第22期57卷 2835-2845页

作者： LIU Shuang1,4& GONG Peng1,2,3.State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science, Jointly Sponsored by Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of sciences,and beijing normal university, {3. 100101, china 2Institute for global change Studies & Center for earth system science, Tsinghua university, {3. 100084, china 3.epartment of Environmental science, Policy and Management, university of California, Berkeley, CA94720, USA 4Graduate university of Chinese Academy of sciences, {3. 100049, china State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science Jointly Sponsored by Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Beijing China Graduate university of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China Institute for global change Studies & Center for earth {3. science Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Environmental science Policy and Management University of California Berkeley USA

Surface greenness reflects the situation of vegetation *** index calculated from the Red and Near Infrared bands of remote sensing images,whose values indicate the level of photosynthetic activity,is monotonically related to surface greenness when vegetation canopy does not fully cover the background *** for desert regions,vegetation index is positively correlated with vegetation ***,vegetation index can be used to study the change in greenness of desert *** study collected MODIS normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from 2000 to 2010 and analyzed their change over {3. in this *** results showed that an increasing trend of NDVI occurred over 66.84% (OLS fitting) or 64.27% (LAD fitting) of {3.,indicating that {3.'s greenness is increasing ***,desertification of {3. *** showing large increase in greenness are found in Shaanxi,Shanxi,Ningxia,Henan,Shandong,Qinghai,and Gansu while regions with large decrease in greenness are found in Northeast Inner Mongolia,South Tibet,Jiangsu,and *** of Qinghai,Gansu,Xinjiang and South Tibet could probably be driven by climate *** of greenness in Northeast Inner Mongolia was related to agricultural *** of greenness in Jiangsu and Shanghai was related to rapid *** factors did not exhibit obvious correspondence to the large increase in greenness in Shaanxi,Shanxi,Ningxia and Gansu,indicating that the changes might have been caused by human *** reduction of desert areas in {3. could probably have been caused by human management and protection at the national scale.

关键词：中国地表覆盖归一化植被指数植被覆盖度沙漠地区 NDVI 西藏南部气候因素

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Developing land use scenario dynamics model by the integration of system dynamics model and cellular automata model

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science china earth sciences 2005年第11期48卷 1979-1989页

作者： HE Chunyang, SHI Peijun, CHEN Jin, Li Xiaobing, PAN Yaozhong, LI Jing, LI Yuechen & LI Jinggang Key Laboratory of Environmental change and Natural Disaster, Ministry of Education of china, beijing normal university College of Resources {3. & Technology, beijing normal university, beijing 100875, china 1. Key Laboratory of Environmental change and Natural Disaster Ministry of Education of China Beijing Normal University China 2. College of Resources science & Technology Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China

Modeling land use scenario changes and its potential impacts on the structure and function of the ecosystem in the typical regions are helpful to understanding the interactive mechanism between land use system and ecological system. A Land Use Scenario Dynamics (LUSD) model by the integration of system Dynamics (SD) model and Cellular Automata (CA) model is developed with land use scenario changes in northern china in the next 20 years simulated in this paper. The basic idea of LUSD model is to simulate the land use scenario de-mands by using SD model at first, then allocate the land use scenario patterns at the local scale with the considerations of land use suitability, inheritance ability and neighborhood effect by using CA model to satisfy the balance between land use scenario demands and supply. The application of LUSD model in northern china suggests that the model has the ability to reflect the complex behavior of land use system at different scales to some extent and is a useful tool for assessing the potential impacts of land use system on ecological system. In addition, the simulated results also indicate that obvious land use changes will take place in the farming-pastoral zone of northern china in the next 20 years with cultivated land and urban land being the most active land use types.

关键词： system dynamics, cellular automata, scenario, land use, model

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Development of environmental monitoring satellite systems in china

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science china earth sciences 2010年第S1期53卷 1-7页

作者： LI GuoPing1 & CAO ChunXiang2 1 School of earth and Space sciences,Peking university,{3. 100871,china 2 State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science,Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of sciences and beijing normal university,{3. 100101,china 1. School of earth and Space sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Beijing 100101 China

With the increase in global environmental problems,the necessity and urgency of remote sensing technology being applied to environmental monitoring has been widely recognized around the *** has launched the environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting small satellite constellation HJ-1A/B and the FY3.atmosphere and environmental satellite,but they still cannot fully satisfy requirements for environmental *** paper summarizes the current status of satellite environmental monitoring in china and the existing problems of inadequate load design and low data utilization efficiency,and discusses the demand for environmental monitoring *** on the development of foreign satellite systems for environmental monitoring,the future development and key tasks of the environmental monitoring satellite system in china is discussed,as are some related initiatives.

关键词： environmental satellite environmental monitoring global climate change specialty load satellite system

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Plausible impact of global climate change on water resources in the Tarim River Basin

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science china earth sciences 2005年第1期48卷 65-73页

作者： CHEN Yaning & XU Zongxue Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography, Chinese Academy of sciences, Urumqi 83.011, china College of Environmental sciences, {3., beijing 100875, china 1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology & Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences 830011 Urumqi China 2. College of Environmental sciences Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China

Combining the temperature and precipitation data from 77 climatological stations and the climatic and hydrological change data from three headstreams of the Tarim River: Hotan, Yarkant, and Aksu in the study area, the plausible association between climate change and the variability of water resources in the Tarim River Basin in recent years was investigated, the long-term trend of the hydrological time series including temperature, precipitation, and streamflow was detected, and the possible association between the El Ni(n)o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and these three kinds of time series was tested. The results obtained in this study show that during the past years, the temperature experienced a significant monotonic increase at the speed of 5%, nearly 1℃ rise; the precipitation showed a significant decrease in the 1970s, and a significant increase in the1980s and 1990s, the average annual precipitation was increased with the magnitude of 6.8 mm per decade. A step change occurred in both temperature and precipitation time series around 1986, which may be influenced by the {3. climate change. Climate change resulted in the increase of the streamflow at the headwater of the Tarim River, but the anthropogenic activities such as over-depletion of the surface water resulted in the decrease of the streamflow at the lower reaches of the Tarim River. The study result also showed that there is no significant association between the ENSO and the temperature, precipitation and streamflow.

关键词： climate change, hydrological change, temperature, precipitation, streamflow, Tarim River.

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Estimating forest aboveground biomass using HJ-1 Satellite CCD and ICESat GLAS waveform data

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science china earth sciences 2010年第S1期53卷 16-25页

作者： GUO ZhiFeng1,CHI Hong1,2 & SUN GuoQing1,3.1State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science,Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of sciences and beijing normal university,Institute of Remote Sensing Applications,Chinese Academy of sciences,beijing 100101,china 2Graduate university of Chinese Academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china 3.epartment of Geography university of Maryland,College Park,MD 20742,USA 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China3. Department of Geography University of Maryland College Park MD 20742 USA

The ecosystem in northeastern china and the Russian Far East is a hotspot of scientific research into the global carbon *** aboveground biomass(AGB) is an important component in the land surface carbon *** this study,using forest inventory data and forest distribution data,the AGB was estimated for forest in Daxinganlin in northeastern china by combining charge-coupled device(CCD) data from the Small Satellite for Disaster and Environment Monitoring and Forecast(HJ-1) and Geoscience Laser Altimeter system(GLAS) waveform data from the Ice,Cloud and land Elevation Satellite(ICESat).The forest AGB prediction models were separately developed for different forest types in the research area at GLAS footprint level from GLAS waveform parameters and field survey plot biomass in the Changqing(CQ) Forest Center,which was calculated from forest inventory *** resulted statistical regression models have a R2=0.68 for conifer and R2=0.71 for broadleaf *** models were used to estimate biomass for all GLAS footprints of forest located in the study *** GLAS footprint biomass coupled with various spectral reflectivity parameters and vegetation indices derived from HJ-1 satellite CCD data were used in multiple regression analyses to establish biomass prediction models(R2=0.55 and R2=0.52 for needle and broadleaf respectively).Then the models were used to produce a forest AGB map for the whole study area using the HJ-1 *** data obtained from forest inventory data of the Zhuanglin(ZL) Forest Center were used as independent field measurements to validate the AGB estimated from HJ-1 CCD data(R2=0.71).About 80% of biomass samples had an error less than 20 t ha-1,and the mean error of all validation samples is 5.74 t *** pixel-level biomass map was then stratified into different biomass levels to illustrate the AGB spatial distribution pattern in this *** was found that HJ-1 wide-swath data and GLAS waveform data can be combined to estim

关键词： Disaster and Environment Monitoring and Forecast Satellite ICESat GLAS waveform boreal forest forest aboveground biomass multiple linear regression

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Interdecadal change in Western Pacific Subtropical High and climatic effects

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Journal of Geographical sciences 2002年第2期12卷 79-86页

作者： HE Xue-zhao1, GONG Dao-yi1,2 (1. Laboratory of Environmental change and Natural Disaster Research, Institute of Resources science, beijing normal university, {3. 100875, china 2. School of earth and Environmental sciences, Seoul National university Laboratory of Environmental change and Natural Disaster Research Institute of Resources Science 北京 100875 School of earth and Environmental sciences Seoul National University 韩国 Seoul 151-742

Western North Pacific Subtropical High is a very important atmospheric circulation system influencing the summer climate over eastern china. Its interdecadal change is analyzed in this study. There is a significant decadal shift in about 1979/1980. Since 1980, the Western North Pacific Subtropical High has enlarged, intensified, and shifted southwestward. This change gives rise to an anti-cyclonic circulation anomaly over the region from the South china Sea to western Pacific and thus causes wet anomalies over the Yangtze River valley. During the summers of 1980-1999, the precipitation is 63.9 mm above normal, while during 1958-1979 it is 27.3.mm below normal. The difference is significant at the 99% confidence level as a t-test shown. The southwestward expanding of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High also leads to a significant warming in southern china, during 1980-1999 the summer mean temperature is 0.3.篊 warmer than that of the period 1958-1979. The strong warming is primarily due to the clearer skies associated with the stronger downward air motion as the Western North Pacific Subtropical High expanding to the west and controlling southern china. It is also found that the relative percentage of tropical cyclones in the regions south of 20篘 is decreasing since the 1980s, but in the regions north of 20篘 that is increasing at the same time. The Western North Pacific Subtropical High responds significantly to sea surface temperature of the tropical eastern Pacific with a lag of one-two seasons and simultaneously to sea surface temperature of the tropical Indian Ocean. The changes in the sea surface temperatures are mainly responsible for the interdecadal variability of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High.

关键词： Western Pacific Subtropical High interdecadal change climate change

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Effective solutions to a global 3. visual system in networking environments

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science china earth sciences 2005年第11期48卷 2032-2039页

作者： ZHANG Liqiang1,2, ZHANG Yan3. YANG Chongjun2, LIU Suhong1, REN Yingchao2, RUI Xiaoping2 & LIU Donglin2 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing sciences, School of Geography and Remote Sensing, beijing normal university, beijing 100875, {3. 2. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 101001, {3. 3. Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 101001, {3. 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing sciences School of Geography and Remote Sensing Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China 2. Chinese Academy of sciences State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing SciencesInstitute of Remote Sensing Applications 101001 Beijing China 3. Institute of Geographical sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 101001 Beijing China

The development of Web-based global 3. visual system has made progresses. However, there exist few mature and effective ways for managing, transmitting and visualizing massive spatial data. Based on the related work, the paper illustrates the ellipsoidal quadtree technique for rapid access multi-scale and multiple level geographical data, integrates the streaming with level-of-detail rendering method for transmitting the data on the network, and im-plements large-scale terrain surface simplification using M-band wavelet transforms and mul-tiresolution triangulations. We fulfil a web-based global terrain visual system using COM com-ponents on the basis of the above techniques. The system has a good prospect in the military simulation and city plans.

关键词： massive spatial data, streaming transmission, system architecture, M-band wavelet

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Spatial heterogeneity of the driving forces of cropland change in china

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science china earth sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2231-2240页

作者： LIU Xuhua1,2, WANG Jinfeng1, LIU Mingliang4,1 & MENG Bin1,2,3.1. Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100101, {3. 2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 10003., {3. 3. College of Arts and sciences of beijing Union university, beijing 100083. {3. 4. School of Forestry and Wildlife sciences, Auburn university, Auburn, Alabama, AL3.849, USA 1. Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. School of Forestry and Wildlife sciences Auburn University Auburn AL36849 Alabama USA 4. College of Arts and sciences of beijing Union university 100083 Beijing China

By using digital satellite remote sensing data acquired in 1987―1989 and 1999―2000 and GIS combined with the natural and socio-economic data, this paper drew an integrated zonation of the cropland change and its driving forces in china. The results indicated that the cropland change in the study period was constrained by geographical factors and driven by cli-mate change as well as socio-economic system. Moreover, the regional differences of the drivers for cropland change were significant. In the midwest of china, natural condition changes and geographical background were the main constraints and drivers, while in Eastern china, social and economic changes and economic policies were the main driving forces. The cropland loss was nationwide. The dominant factors to cause this decrease included buildup of developing area to attract foreign capital and technologies, changes of industry structure due to urban in-fluence, the change of employment notions thanks to living standard improvement, rapid ur-banization due to the expansion of cities and towns, the diminished farming net income partly because of the global warming effects, and the rapid economic growth stimulated by the con-venient transportation system. These factors interact and interdepend with each other to cause the cropland loss in china recently. The reasons for the increase of cropland were primarily the cultivation and deforestation by the farmers who want to increase income. This study on the mechnism of LUCC relied on the cropland change integrated classification considering the natural or human factors both inside and outside the region, which provides a new approach to study the integrated regionalization and LUCC mechanism.

关键词： land use change, driving force, integrated classification, spatial statistics, cropland, china.

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Parallel algorithm for real-time contouring from grid DEM on modern GPUs

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science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第S1期53卷 33-37页

作者： CHEN Zhuo,SHEN Lei,ZHAO YanQing & YANG ChongJun State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science,Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of sciences and beijing normal university,{3. 100101,china 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Beijing 100101 China

A real-time algorithm for constructing contour maps from grid DEM data is *** runs completely within the programmable 3. visualization *** interpolation is paralleled by rasterizer units in the graphics card,and contour line extraction is paralleled by pixel *** each frame of the rendering,we first make an elevation gradient map out of original terrain vertex data,then figure out the final contour lines with image-space processing,and directly blend the results on the original scene to obtain a final scene with contour map using *** implement this method in our global 3.-digitalearth system with Direct3.?9.0c API and tested on some consumer level PC *** arbitrary scene with certain LOD level,the process takes less than 10 ms,giving topologically correct,anti-aliased contour lines.

关键词： contour map contour lines paralleled computing 3. terrain GPU digital earth

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Spatial patterns in temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in china: Estimation with inverse modeling

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science china(Life sciences) 2009年第10期52卷 982-989页

作者： ZHOU Tao1,2, SHI PeiJun1,2, HUI DaFeng3.& LUO YiQi4 1 State Key Laboratory of earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, beijing normal university, beijing 100875, {3. 2 Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education, beijing 100875, {3. 3.Department of Biological sciences, Tennessee State university, Nashville, TN 3.209, USA 4 Department of Botany and Microbiology, university of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73.19, USA 1. State Key Laboratory of earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China 2. Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education Beijing 100875 China 3. Department of Biological sciences Tennessee State University Nashville TN 37209 USA 4. Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019 USA

Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) is an important parameter in modeling the effects of global warming on ecosystem carbon release. Experimental studies of soil respiration have ubiquitously indicated that Q10 has high spatial heterogeneity. However, most biogeochemical models still use a constant Q10 in projecting future climate change and no spatial pattern of Q10 values at large scales has been derived. In this study, we conducted an inverse modeling analysis to retrieve the spatial pattern of Q10 in {3. at 8 km spatial resolution by assimilating data of soil organic carbon into a proc-ess-based terrestrial carbon model (CASA model). The results indicate that the optimized Q10 values are spatially heterogeneous and consistent to the values derived from soil respiration observations. The mean Q10 values of different soil types range from 1.09 to 2.3., with the highest value in volcanic soil, and the lowest value in cold brown calcic soil. The spatial pattern of Q10 is related to environmental factors, especially precipitation and top soil organic carbon content. This study demonstrates that inverse modeling is a useful tool in deriving the spatial pattern of Q10 at large scales, with which being incorporated into biogeochemical models, uncertainty in the projection of future carbon dynamics could be potentially reduced.

关键词： temperature sensitivity Q10 soil respiration global warming inverse analysis

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