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Calculating soil moisture by remote sensing and analyzing hydrologic cycle process in the Yellow River basin

science China(Technological sciences) 2004年第Z1期47卷 1-13页

作者： YANG Shengtian1 & LIU Changming1, 2.1. School of Environmental sciences, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, China 2. institute of Geographic science and natural resources research, beijing 100101, China School of Environmental sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing China institute of Geographic science and {2. resources research Beijing China

Based on the AVHRR pathfinder remote sensing data, soil moisture, precipitation and evaporation during the period of 1982.1998, soil moisture of all layers of soil-profile (0—1 m) in the Yellow River basin over the 17 years are calculated by the remote sensing model of calculating soil water. The Yellow River basin is divided into seven subcatchments as control sections at the location of six hydrologic stations (Lanzhou, Toudaoguai, Longmen, Sanmenxia, Huayuankou and Lijin). After calculating soil moisture and obtaining runoff data and precipitation data, the dynamical features of hydrological cycle in the Yellow River basin are analyzed for the period from 1982.to 1988 using water balance method. The conclusions are as follows: It is feasible to calculate the soil water on the macro-scale, in the soil profile with temporal continuity by means of remote sensing and survey in land. Some values of the key water cycle factors in the Yellow River are obtained, which include the annual precipitation of 4000 km3, the evapotranspiration of 3000-3500 km3, and the soil moisture transformation of ?500- 500 km3. Consequently, we analyzed the process of the water cycle in the Yellow River over the 17 years, and the results show that the segment upstream of Lanzhou city is a relatively humid region, and the area of internal waters and the reaches of Shanshan is the most desiccated region. Therefore, the runoff in the depth process is intensive and the runoff-generating process is weak in more arid regions.

关键词： the Yellow River, soil moisture, remote sensing, hydrologic cycle.

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Aridity/humidity status of land surface in China during the last three decades

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science China Earth sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1510-1518页

作者： WU Shaohong1, YIN Yunhe1,2. ZHENG Du1 & YANG Qinye1 1. institute of geographical {2.s and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of {2.s (cas), beijing 100101, China 2. Graduate School of the cas, beijing 100039, China institute of geographical {2.s and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Beijing China Graduate School of the cas Beijing China

To clarify aridity/humidity status of land surface is helpful for studying environmental background and regional differences, seeking causes of environmental change, and providing a scientific basis for researches on climate change in the future. In this paper, the authors calcu- lated potential evapotranspiration of China using data from 616 meteorological stations during the period of 1971―2.00 with the Penman-Monteith model recommanded by FAO in 1998. Vy- sothkii’s model was used to calculate aridity/humidity index. Then the calculated results of sta- tions were interpolated to land surface using ArcGIS. Results show that the annual average po- tential evapotranspiration is 400―1500 mm in the whole country, 600―800 mm in most parts of it; and 350―1400 mm in growing season (April―Octobor), which is nearly 2.0 mm less than the annual average. According to the aridity/humidity indexes of 1.0, 1.5 and 4.0, the aridity/humidity status is categorized to four types, namely, humid, subhumid, semiarid and arid. A majority of stations (76%) are more humid in growing season than the annual average. Results of com- prisons between the distribution map of aridity/humidity index with that of precipitation and vegetation indicate a good consistence of aridity/humidity status with natural environment. Therefore potential evapotranspiration calculated with modified FAO’s Penman-Monteith model in combination with aridity/humidity index that considers water balance can more reasonably explain the actual land surface aridity/humidity status of China.

关键词： potential evapotranspiration, aridity/humidity status, land surface, regional differences, Penman-Monteith.

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Simulating the impacts of climate variation and land-cover changes on basin hydrology: A case study of the Suomo basin

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science China Earth sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1501-1509页

作者： CHEN Junfeng1,2. LI Xiubin2.& ZHANG Ming2.1. institute of Remote Sensing & GIS, Peking University, beijing 100871, China 2. institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100101, China institute of Remote Sensing & GIS Peking University Beijing China institute of geographical {2.s and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Chin

Impacts of land cover changes on watershed hydrology have been a long-term academic concern with acute dispute. But little attention has been paid to such effects on mesoscale river basins, where the society has a closer link to river hydrology. The present study focuses on a mesoscale river basin, the Suomo Basin that is located on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Land covers in the basin in the years 1970, 1986 and 1999 were mapped. A lumped hydrologic model, CHARM, and a distributed hydrologic model, SWAT, were used to model the impacts of both land-cover change and climate variation on river runoff during the past four decades. The results show that the contribution of climate variation to the change of runoff regime makes up 60%―80%, while that of land cover changes only 2.%.

关键词： climate variation, land-cover changes, Suomo Basin, CHARM model, SWAT model.

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research on Jiuquan-Jiayuguan-Yumen Region's Dynamic Changing of Urbanization Based on Self-Organizing Model

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2005年第3期3卷 22-28页

作者： Li Ming 1,2.& Fang Chuanglin 2.1 Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100039,China {2. of geographical sciences and natural resources research, cas, beijing 100101, China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China institute of geographical {2.s and natural resources research CAS Beijing 100101 China

Based on the self-organizing modeling principle in the dissipative structure theory, the paper regards the migration coupling between the regions as the influence factor to create the model of regional urbanization simulation and prediction, which is more practical to simulate the space-time and dynamic evolvement characteristics of regional urbanization level. According to the historical data about the population and urbanization of Jiuquan, Jiayuguan andYumen cities, the past 50 years' dynamic evolvement trend is simulated and the following 50 years' dynamic evolvement trend is predicted with the urbanization dynamic evolvement model based on the self-organizing model. The analysis of effective factors such as economic increase, resources exploitation, ecosystem construction, traffic location, national policies, population migration are given, then the reasons of the dynamic evolvement differences of the three cities' urbanization are drawn. The study suggests that the self-organizing model is fit for the simulation of Jiuquan-Jiayuguan-Yumen regional urbanization level in the past 50 years, and the departure between the stimulant and the actual data is under 5%, so it can be used to predict the urbanization future of the three cities. The predicted results show that the regional population will reach 1.074 million and the regional urbanization level will be 72.56%.

关键词： self-organizing urbanization dynamic evolvement Jiuquan-Jiayuguan-Yumen region

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Influence of “Holiday Tourism Circle of beijing” on Chengde Tourism Spatial Alteration and Reconstruction

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2006年第4期4卷 38-42页

作者： Li Chen1,2.Cheng Shengkui2.Chen Yuansheng2.Zhang Yingqiu1 1.College of Arts&science,beijing Union University,beijing 100083,China 2.institute of geographical science and natural resources research,cas,beijing 100101,China College of Arts & science Beijing Union University Beijing 100083 China institute of geographical {2. and natural resources research CAS Beijing 100101 China Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China Institute of Geographical Science and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 China College of Arts & Science Beijing Union University Beijing 100083 China

Chengde City,famous for its cultural sightseeing tourism industry,and is located in China's"Capital Holiday Tourism Circle".This location is advantageous,because of the recent boom in China's national tourism *** industry has gone through several structural and development changes with in the past several years.A result of these restructuring patterns is the great changes concerning competitive and cooperative relations among tourism destinations,which have precipitated the decline of the traditional sightseeing pattern. Northern China's"Capital Holiday Tourism Circle"is one of nine key areas within the Chinese tourism industry under development during the Eleventh Five-Year *** the present article the method of"Distance Decline of The Tourist Flow"was used to define the flow of tourists in the Capital Holiday Tourism Circle and its influence upon Chengde's tourism spatial distribution.3 aspects will be discussed:(1)The transformation from sightseeing to leisure markets makes the change possible in Chengde's tourism spatial pattern.(2.The location advantage(adjacent to beijing and Tianjin) also leads to the change in Chengde tourism spatial pattern.(3)The establishment of freeways also contributes to a great degrees of change. The rapid development of leisure tourism might lead to the change from nucleus model to a diversified one within Chengde's ***,Chengde is developing the tourism industry with the central heritage area as the nucleus and the northern forest, pasture,southern mountain,and rivers as its periphery.

关键词： China Capital Holiday Tourism Circle Chengde city tourism space

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Simulating the transfer and fate of hexachlorocyclohexane in recent 50 years in beijing, China

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science China Earth sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2203-2213页

作者： CAO Hongying1, LIANG Tao1 & TAO Shu2.1. institute of geographical {2.s and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of {2.s, beijing 100101, China 2. Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, beijing 100871, China institute of geographical {2.s and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes Peking University Beijing China

Taking beijing as a study area, a dynamic fugacity model was used to simulate the transfer and fate of technical HCHs according to the physic-chemical properties of the studying environment and HCH isomers. Dynamic changes of the transfer fluxes and concentrations of HCH isomers during 1952.2.03 were simulated and the model results suggest good agreement between the calculated and measured concentrations of HCH isomers. During 1952.1983, the average input and output amount of HCHs through agricultural application and degradation are 130 t and 150 t respectively. The dominant transfer processes of HCHs in the study area are air-soil deposition, soil erosion and soil-air diffusion, transfer fluxes of these processes are 80 t?a?1, 16 t?a?1 and 11 t?a?1, which account for 92. of total transfer fluxes of HCHs isomers. There were approximately 2.3t HCHs in all environmental compartments of the study area during this period and 97% of which existed in soil compartment. Air and water advection became the dominant input sources of HCHs after 1984 when the application of technical HCHs was prohib-ited, concentration of HCHs quickly descended to a quite low level in several years. Total amount of HCHs isomers remaining in the study area environment now is less than 5% that before 1983, and this percentage may descend to 0.5% after 2. years by prediction.

关键词： fugacity model, hexachlorocyclohexane, compartment, transfer flux, fate.

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Improvement of Ecological Footprint Method and Application in Henan Province

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2005年第1期3卷 44-48页

作者： Niu Shuhai, Jin Fengjun & Liu Yi institute of geographical {2.s and natural resources research, cas, beijing 100101, China institute of geographical {2.s and natural resources research CAS Beijing 100101 China

The measure of sustainable development has always been an important and difficulty subject, and the major evaluation model has three types: indicators based on system theory and methods, indicators relied on economic valuation of the environment, sustainability indicators including biophysical assessments. The ecological footprint analysis initiated by William E. Rees, one of the indicators including biophysical assessments, gets rid of the defects of the other models. Ecological footprint has gradually become popular on account of the measuring indexes based on scientific theory, innovative thought-way and its wide adaptability. This paper introduces the conception and computation method, making a progress and making up for the method of ecological footprint, and finally, makes an application analyses through Henan province regional sustainable development.

关键词： sustainable development ecological footprint input/occupancy-output model integrated development degree

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Relationship between erosion and sediment yield in drainage basins of loess gully-hilly areas

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Journal of geographical sciences 2001年第1期11卷 71-79页

作者： CHEN Hao (institute of Geographic sciences and {2. resources research, cas, beijing 100101, China) institute of Geographic sciences and {2. resources research CAS Beijing China

From a long-term point of view, the balance between erosion and sediment yield in a drainage system can basically realize, i.e., the delivery ratio can be close to 1. However, substantial variations among individual rainfall events or between annual delivery ratio exist, causing frequent sediment retaining or re-erosion and re-delivery of the retained sediments in a short period of time. Thus the delivery ratio will be 1. The sediment delivery ratio is closely related to the spatial distribution of rainfall and magnitude of rise and fall of peak flood and that of runoff depth in the drainage system. Delivery ratio of single event in a drainage system and changes of delivery capacity of silt-laden runoff in various classes of gullies can be expressed by transformation mechanism of shear force of a single rainstorm event with flood resulting from increase and decrease of peak flood per unit area.

关键词： delivery ratio interaction flood and geomorphology dynamic mechanism rainstorm flood

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Floating Population Increase and Its Influence on the Urban Population Situation:A case Study in beijing

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2005年第1期3卷 27-35页

作者： Wu Peilin 1,2.& Lu Qi 2.1. Shandong University of Technology, Zibo Shandong 2.5049, China 2. institute of geographical {2.s and natural resources research, Chinese Academy of {2.s, beijing 100101, China Shandong University of Technology Zibo Shandong 255049 China institute of geographical {2.s and natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Floating population is a special population group in China resulting from the implementation of household registration system. This paper uses a set of floating population survey data, population censuses data and statistical data to analyze the increase and influence of floating population on the urban population situations in beijing. It is found that beijing has experienced a rapid increase of floating population since the 1990s and that the increase of this group has become the key factor of the current population expansion in the city. Its distribution in the urban regions intensified and extended the suburbanization process of the capital. In addition, the population structures of sex, age, education and employment in beijing have changed to some extent due to the influx of floating population.

关键词： Floating population Household registration system (Hukou) Population expansion Suburbanization Population structure beijing

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Urban Water Supply Industry Marketization of China in View of Public Water Service and Water Resource Management

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Chinese Journal of Population,resources and Environment 2010年第2期8卷 55-60页

作者： Wang Yining 1,2.1.institute of Geographic science and {2. resources research,cas,beijing 100101,China 2.Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences,beijing 100049,China institute of Geographic science and {2. resources research CAS Beijing 100101 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Started with the discussions on the value orientation of urban water supply industry marketization,the article points out that the current urban water supply industry marketization reform is inconsistent with the goal of public water service equalization to some *** article also analyzes the problems emerged in urban water supply industry marketization reform and various rea-sons in view of efficiency and *** efficiency and fairness oriented management model is built in this article to illustrate how the government should conciliate interests of various communities involved in the process of marketization reform of the urban water supply industry so as to actualize the coordination of efficiency and *** the end,an assumption on urban water price is put forward to help achieve the public water service equalization.

关键词： urban water supply industry marketization public water service water resource management

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