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The components of regret in decision making

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The components of regret in decision making

中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Yue-Jia LUO~*,Hui-Jun ZHANG state key {2. of cognitive neuroscience and learning,beijing normal university,beijing 100875

＜正＞Objective Prior research indicated that responsibility influences the regret felt about incorrect *** hope to manipulate the number of individuals taking responsibility to explore effect of responsibility on *** An event-related potentials（ERPs） experiment was conducted in 15 young normal subjects to investigate the component processes underlying error-related feedback and regret following incorrect *** participants were told to gamble cooperatively with two other players（confederates）,and to try to earn as much as possible during the game and to pay attention to the confederates as well as to their own *** Results showed that the amplitude of the fERN following notification of an incorrect choice,the personal responsibility people accepted for an incorrect choice,the regret they expressed about it,and the counterfactual thinking in which they reported engaging after an incorrect choice were higher when they alone made the choice than when they were not alone in their incorrect *** differences were found on the fERN or behavioral measures when participants were joined by one versus two others in their incorrect *** P300 amplitude,in contrast,was inversely related to the number of people responsible for an incorrect choice, consistent with the notion that their personal accountability for the consequences of a choice influences the allocation of attentional and cognitive resources to the *** Together,these results are consistent with neural modeling indicating that regret promotes error related processing and {2..

关键词： regret responsibility outcome evaluation the ERPs

英语语音意识在汉语儿童英语单词阅读及拼写中的作用

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心理发展与教育 2011年第4期27卷 388-393页

作者：李蓓蕾陶沙董奇北京师范大学教育学部北京100875 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室北京100875

本研究考察了英语语音意识在小学汉语儿童英语单词读写学习中的作用。对189名小学儿童的研究表明:(1)一、二、五年级在首音和韵脚意识上差异显著;在音位意识上,一、二年级差异不显著,五年级显著高于其他两个年级;(2.各年级儿童的语音意... 详细信息

本研究考察了英语语音意识在小学汉语儿童英语单词读写学习中的作用。对189名小学儿童的研究表明:(1)一、二、五年级在首音和韵脚意识上差异显著;在音位意识上,一、二年级差异不显著,五年级显著高于其他两个年级;(2.各年级儿童的语音意识与其英语单词读写均存在显著相关;(3)控制英语口语词汇量后,一年级的首音意识显著解释其单词读写的变异,二年级的首音意识显著解释其单词拼写的变异,五年级的音位意识显著解释其单词读写的变异;(4)各年级的语音意识对单词拼写较之于阅读都具有更强的变异解释力。可见,小学汉语儿童的英语语音意识与其单词读写存在密切联系,语音意识与拼写的关系相对更为紧密;首音意识对早期读写发展具有重要意义,而音位意识在后期读写学习中的作用更为突出。

关键词：语音意识阅读拼写英语学习小学生

Logographemes in the Orthographic Buffer: Evidence from Selective Deficit for Writing logographemes in a Chinese Case

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Logographemes in the Orthographic Buffer: Evidence from Sele...

2.05年中国神经心理学学术会议

作者： Zaizhu Han Hua Shu Yanchao Bi Nan Hu state key {2. for cognitive neuroscience and''learning, beijing normal university, beijing 100875 cognitive Neuropsychology {2. Harvard university

＜正＞We firstly describe an investigation into the deficits of Chinese orthographic output buffer. We report a Chinese dysgraphic male, whose accuracy in delayed copy of characters was markedly sensitive to word length （number of logographemes）, but was not affected by lexical-semantic factors （frequency, abstract quality, or grammatical class）, lexicality （characters vs. noncharacters） and sublexical property （regularity）. More importantly, his most frequent writing errors occurred at the logographeme level, not others （such as whole character, semantic/phonetic radical, stroke）. The errors of logographeme substitutions were prevalent, where target logographeme and response trended to share common position and stroke shapes. His writing also presented a linear serial position effect, characterized by gradual increasing errors from initial logogrampheme to final one in character. Thus, we speculate that present patient suffered from the impairment of orthographic output buffer. The logographemes may be basic processing units in this buffer, in which orthographic representation of logographemes at least contains information on logographemes’ identity, order, position, et al.

关键词：

False belief reasoning in the brain: An ERP study

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2008年第1期51卷 72-79页

作者： WANG YiWen1,2.3, LIU Yan2. GAO YanXia2. CHEN jing2. ZHANG Wenxin2.& LIN ChongDe3 1 Research Center of learning Science, Southeast {2., Nanjing 2.0096, china 2.School of Psychology, Shandong normal {2., Jinan 2.0014, china 3 The state key laboratory of cognitive {12. and learning, beijing normal {2., beijing 100875, china Research Center of learning Science Southeast University Nanjing 210096 China School of Psychology Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China The state key {2. of cognitive neuroscience and learning Beijing Normal University Beijing 1008 School of Psychology Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China The state key {2. of cognitive neuroscience and learning Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Understanding others mind and interpersonal interaction are the cognitive basis of successful social interactions. People's mental states and behaviors rely on their holding beliefs for self and others. To investigate the neural substrates of false belief reasoning, the 32.channels event-related potentials (ERP) of 14 {2. adults were measured while they understood false-belief and true belief used de-ceptive appearance task. After onset of the false-belief or true-belief questions, N100, P2.0 and late negative component (LNC) were elicited at centro-frontal sites. Compared with true belief, false belief reasoning elicited significant declined LNC in the time window from 400 to 800 ms. The source analysis of difference wave (False minus True) showed a dipole located in the middle cingulated cortex. These findings show that false belief reasoning probably included inhibitive process.

关键词： theory-of-mind false belief event-related potentials late negative component (LNC) inhibition

视觉言语在汉语母语儿童和成人英语语音知觉中的作用

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心理科学 2009年第5期32卷 1038-1041页

作者：李燕芳梅磊磊董奇北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习研究所北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室北京100875

该研究运用McGurk效应研究范式对汉语母语儿童和成人英语语音知觉中视觉言语的作用进行了分析和比较。2.名五年级小学生和2.名大学一年级学生在纯听、视听一致、视听不一致和纯视等条件下对假词开始或结束的音是/s/还是/θ/做出选择反... 详细信息

该研究运用McGurk效应研究范式对汉语母语儿童和成人英语语音知觉中视觉言语的作用进行了分析和比较。2.名五年级小学生和2.名大学一年级学生在纯听、视听一致、视听不一致和纯视等条件下对假词开始或结束的音是/s/还是/θ/做出选择反应。结果发现:五年级学生在四种条件下的英语语音知觉正确率没有显著差异;大学生在纯听和视听一致条件下的正确率显著高于视听不一致条件和纯视条件。总的说来,视觉言语在汉语母语者英语语音知觉中的作用较小,但是与儿童相比,成人表现出了受视觉言语影响相对更强的趋势,这与英语母语者视听双通道言语知觉的发展趋势类似。

关键词： McGurk效应英语语音知觉视听双通道言语知觉视觉言语

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字幕在儿童伴随学习中的作用

心理科学 2009年第1期32卷 98-101,113页

作者：王爱平舒华周钰昕北京师范大学心理学院北京师范大学应用实验心理北京市重点实验室北京100875 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室北京100875

本研究采用视频信息加工任务,考察在无指导的自然阅读状态下,字幕在小学一、三年级儿童伴随学习中词汇获得的作用。研究结果表明:(1)在阅读有字幕视频材料任务中,一、三年级儿童均可伴随学习到字幕中的生字,并且在高生字密度条件下习得... 详细信息

本研究采用视频信息加工任务,考察在无指导的自然阅读状态下,字幕在小学一、三年级儿童伴随学习中词汇获得的作用。研究结果表明:(1)在阅读有字幕视频材料任务中,一、三年级儿童均可伴随学习到字幕中的生字,并且在高生字密度条件下习得的生字量要显著多于低生字密度条件;(2.一年级低阅读水平儿童在全文注音字幕条件习得的生字量与高阅读水平一致,但在无注音条件则显著低于高阅读水平;(3)三年级儿童在有拼音与无拼音字幕条件习得的生字量无显著差异。这表明利用字幕伴随学习,是一种适于儿童获得词汇知识的方法。

关键词：字幕伴随学习拼音儿童阅读水平

The effects of positive emotion on working memory:researches from ERPS

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The effects of positive emotion on working memory:researches...

中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Yun-Ying DONG~1,Xin GAO~1,Ren-Lai ZHOU~(1,2.3,*),Pan LIU~2.1 key laboratory of Child Development and {2. Science(Southeast university),Ministry of Education,Nanjing 2.0096,china 2.state key laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and {2.,{12. normal university,{12. 100875,china 3 {12. key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology,{12. normal university,{12. 100875,china

＜正＞Objective Working memory is divided into separable subsystems,spatial working memory and verbal working memory involving manipulation and retention of visuospatial and verbal information *** present study is to assess the infuences of positive emotion on spatial and verbal working *** We applied the modified DMS paradigm（"picture - target - delay - probe" 4 stages for an experimental unit） with the positive and neutral picture from the International Affective Picture System（IAPS;Lang,Bradley ＆ Cuthbert,1999）,using ERP technology in healthy ***（a） Positive emotion impairs low load spatial working memory task, not high load,which is revealed by the lower P3 and slow wave in the maintaining phase,and the higher of early LPP, late LPP,and slow wave in the matching phase in the low load spatial working memory task,（b） Positive emotion in a certain extent facilitates both high and low load verbal working memory,which is revealed by the shorter task reaction time,and the higher mean amplitude of P2.in the decoding phase,the higher P3 and slow wave in the maintaining phase,and the lower LPP in the matching *** ERP components respectively reflected attention allocation, attention maintenance,and executive control processes of working *** This research finds the selective effects of positive emotion on working memory,and the interaction with working memory task load,which could primarily demonstrate the potential mechanism of how positive emotion affects working memory.

关键词： positive emotion spatial working memory verbal working memory task load

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真实线和想象线的朝向辨别学习及其相互迁移

心理科学 2011年第6期34卷 1379-1384页

作者：钟翔王芳马小丽杨彬宋艳北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室北京100875

以往的朝向辨别学习普遍采用真实刺激作为材料,其特异性与迁移性是研究争论的焦点之一。该研究以实线和想象线为刺激,采用朝向辨别任务训练被试,系统考察两者朝向辨别学习的特点和相互关系。结果发现,训练实线和想象线任务的两组被试行... 详细信息

以往的朝向辨别学习普遍采用真实刺激作为材料,其特异性与迁移性是研究争论的焦点之一。该研究以实线和想象线为刺激,采用朝向辨别任务训练被试,系统考察两者朝向辨别学习的特点和相互关系。结果发现,训练实线和想象线任务的两组被试行为都有显著提高,并且这两种学习效果能部分地彼此迁移,且都能迁移到不同位置。该研究结果提示,不论是想象线的学习还是实线的学习都涉及高级脑区的参与,并且两者的学习有部分共同的脑机制。

关键词：知觉学习特异性迁移性朝向辨别

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记忆提取促进学习:实验证据与机制解释

心理发展与教育 2011年第4期27卷 441-447页

作者：刘兆敏罗良张玮中国政法大学社会学院北京102249 北京师范大学认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室北京100875

人类学习的主流观点认为学习主要发生在编码阶段,记忆提取本身并不产生和促进学习。但最近多项研究对此提出了质疑,他们发现,在学习过程中,记忆提取更能促进学习内容的长时保持。本文首先对记忆提取促进学习的实验证据做简要梳理;之后... 详细信息

人类学习的主流观点认为学习主要发生在编码阶段,记忆提取本身并不产生和促进学习。但最近多项研究对此提出了质疑,他们发现,在学习过程中,记忆提取更能促进学习内容的长时保持。本文首先对记忆提取促进学习的实验证据做简要梳理;之后重点介绍关于记忆提取促进学习的多种解释机制,主要包括:侧重于从理论机制层面解释的记忆失用新理论,强调内在精细机制的精细提取假设,以及解释保持间隔(长、短)与学习方式(重复学习、学习-测试)交互作用的基于分布的二分模型;文章最后分析了当前研究记忆提取作用实验存在的一些问题,提出了今后的研究方向,强调应从多角度揭示记忆提取练习促进学习的机制。

关键词：记忆提取练习效应记忆失用新理论精细提取假设基于分布的二分模型